摘要：
目的 分析2007 - 2011年山西省吕梁市离石区淋病、梅毒的流行特征,为今后制定针对性防治策略提供参考依据.方法 对2007-2011年离石区《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》中报告的疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析.结果 近5年来,离石区累计报告淋病183例,无死亡病例,年均发病率为13.57/10万.2010年之前发病率逐年增高,由2007年的9.90/10万增长到2010年的17.97/10万,2011年发病率下降至14.99/10万.累计报告梅毒病例678例,无死亡病例,年均发病率为50.28/10万.发病率逐年增长,从2007年的17.02/10万增长至2011年的66.22/10万.梅毒分期中,以隐性梅毒为主,占61.06％.其次为Ⅰ期梅毒,占24.34％.淋病、梅毒的发病年龄均集中在20 ～49岁,分别占70.49％和61.36％.淋病各年龄组均是男性多于女性.梅毒小年龄组女性多于男性,大年龄组则是男性多于女性,差异有统计学意义.职业分布中两者均以农民、民工和家务及待业为主.结论 离石区梅毒总体发病呈上升趋势.目前应进一步加强梅毒防治知识的宣传教育,尤其是隐性梅毒的危害,采取有效的检测、治疗和干预措施,遏制梅毒的进一步流行,降低梅毒的发病率.由于梅毒与艾滋病之间的密切关系,使得控制梅毒的发病率对于控制艾滋病的流行具有重要意义.%Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of gonorrhea and syphilis in Lishi district in Luliang and provide evidence for the prevention and control of sexual transmitted diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of gonorrhea and syphilis in Lishi from 2007 to 2011, which was collected from national disease reporting information system. Results During this period, a total of 183 gonorrhea cases were reported without death, the average annual incidence was 13. 57/lakh. The incidence increased from 9. 90/lakh in 2007 to 17. 97/lakh in 2010 and declined to 14. 99/lakh in 2011. A total of 678 syphilis cases were reported without death, the average annual incidence was 50. 28/lakh. The incidence increased from 17.02/lakh in 2007 to 66.22/lakh in 2011. Among the reported syphilis cases, latent syphilis cases accounted fro the highest proportion (61. 06% ), followed by primary syphilis cases (24. 34% ). Gonorrhea and syphilis cases were mainly distributed in age group 20 - 49 years, accounting for 70.49% and 61. 36% of the total respectively. More gonorrhea cases occurred in males than in females in all age groups, but more syphilis cases occurred in females than in males in younger age group and in males than in females in older age group, the difference was statistical significant. The cases of both gonorrhea and syphilis were mainly distributed in farmers, migrant workers, household servants and the unemployed. Conclusion The overall incidence of syphilis increased in Lishi, it is necessary to strengthen the health education about syphilis prevention and control and take effective detection, treatment and intervention measures to reduce the incidence and stop the spread of syphilis. Due to the close association between syphilis and AIDS, the reduction of syphilis incidence is important for the control of AIDS.
