corrosion

摘要： Aluminum alloys have been used widely as structural materials in the field of aerospace,high speed train and car etc.due to their advantages such as low density,high strength,and good corrosion resistance.Improved properties of these materials can increase the reliability,durability and life of the structural components,and decrease the cost and CO_(2) emission.The special issue focuses on the recent development of advanced aluminum alloys applied in the transportation field,particularly aerospace,train and car.

摘要： Stainless steel,titanium alloys,cobalt-chromium alloys and other metal materials are the most widely used orthopaedic implants.However,there are still some problems in clinical application,including a mechanical mismatch between metal and bone,inflammation and secondary operation.As a new generation of medical metal materials,magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted much attention due to their excellent biodegradability.Biodegradable Mg-based metals have good mechanical and osteogenic properties,and are expected to become implant materials to treat challenging orthopaedic diseases.However,the rapid corrosion rate is still one of the main challenges restricting its clinical application.Alloy and surface modification are effective methods to control the corrosion rate of Mg alloys.This paper reviews the mechanical and biological properties of biodegradable Mg alloys and the problems when they are applied clinically,emphasizing the latest progress of Mg-based metals in alloying and surface modification.The status of the application of Mg-based implants in orthopaedics are also described.

摘要： Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys are lightweight as well as biocompatible and possess a high strength-to-weight ratio,making them suitable for many industries,including aerospace,automobile,and medical.The major challenge is their high susceptibility to corrosion,thereby limiting their usability.The considerably lower reduction potential of Mg compared to other metals makes it vulnerable to galvanic coupling.The oxide layer on Mg offers little corrosion resistance because of its high porosity,inhomogeneity,and fragility.Chemical conversion coatings(CCs)belong to a distinct class because of underlying chemical reactions,which are fundamentally different from other types of coating.Typically,a CC acts as an intermediate sandwich layer between the base metal and an aesthetic paint.Although chromate CCs offer superior performance compared to phosphate CCs,yet still they release carcinogenic hexavalent chromium ions(Cr^(6+));therefore,their use is prohibited in most European nations under the Registration,Evaluation,Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals legislation framework.Phosphate-based CCs are a cost-effective and environment-friendly alternative.Accordingly,this review primarily focuses on different types of phosphate-based CCs,such as zinc,calcium,Mg,vanadium,manganese,and permanganate.It discusses their mechanisms,current status,pretreatment practices,and the influence of various parameters-such as pH,temperature,immersion time,and bath composition-on the coating performance.Some challenges associated with phosphate CCs and future research directions are also elaborated.

摘要： In this study,two sandblasting textures,namely,quartz and high-chromium(Cr)stainless steel sands,were used for sandblasting of the internal surface L80-13Cr tubing and casing.The contrastive analysis on the properties of the pipes before and after abrasive blasting was conducted,including the metallographic phase detection of the internal surface,simulating accelerated corrosion tests,and residual stress tests for the pipe after abrasive blasting.Based on the analysis results,it is explained why the API standard requires that no scale appears on the internal surface of L80-13Cr and iron contamination when internal sandblasting media are applied.The results show that abrasive blasting can effectively remove scales on the internal surface of L80-13Cr tubing and casing and improve corrosion resistance.The abrasive blasting process does not produce obvious residual stress on the internal surface of the tubing and casing.Also,the de-rusting effect of stainless sand is better than that of quartz sand,and the former does not produce iron contamination.

摘要： 21Cr2NiMo steel is widely used to stabilize offshore oil platforms;however,it suffers from stress-corrosion cracking(SCC).Herein,we studied the SCC behavior of 21Cr2NiMo steel in SO_(2)-polluted coastal atmospheres.Electrochemical tests revealed that the addition of SO_(2) increased the corrosion current.Rust characterization showed that SO_(2) addition densified the corrosion products and promoted pitting.Furthermore,slow strain rate tests demonstrated a high susceptibility to SCC in high SO_(2) contents.Fracture morphologies revealed that the stress-corrosion cracks initiated at corrosion pits and the crack propagation showed transgranular and intergranular cracking modes.In conclusion,SCC is mix-controlled by anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms.

摘要： Corrosion of cookware is a growing concern for the durability of materials. A rapidly emerging theme that is one of the major current societal challenges at the interface of environmental and health issues. In this present work, the corrosion of aluminum in food environments (salt water and fresh tomatoes) was studied. The three aluminum utensils were purchased in the various workshops in Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo). The weight loss method followed the effect of cooking media on cookware, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence (XRF) are two methods used to characterize alloys. XRF analysis indicates that the samples consist of aluminum as a basic element. XRD reveals that the essential building blocks of cookware samples are aluminum, silicon, iron, copper, magnesium and zinc. Finally, gravimetric measurements are carried out to assess the mass losses of samples of artisanal kitchen utensils when cooking food. Aluminum is found to be sensitive in TF and OS media.

摘要： Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 29,Number 3,March 2022,Page 490 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2275-5 The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.The author’s name in the original version is incorrect,which is:Hassan Jafari,Amir Houshang Mojiri Tehrani,Mojiri Tehrani,and Mahsa Heydari The correct version is given below:Hassan Jafari,Amir Houshang Mojiri Tehrani,and Mahsa Heydari The original version PDF file has been replaced by the corrected version PDF file.

摘要： The rapid advance of mild aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)is driving the development of the energy storage system market.But the thorny issues of Zn anodes,mainly including dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution,and corrosion,severely reduce the performance of ZIBs.To commercialize ZIBs,researchers must overcome formidable challenges.Research about mild aqueous ZIBs is still developing.Various technical and scientific obstacles to designing Zn anodes with high stripping efficiency and long cycling life have not been resolved.Moreover,the performance of Zn anodes is a complex scientific issue determined by various parameters,most of which are often ignored,failing to achieve the maximum performance of the cell.This review proposes a comprehensive overview of existing Zn anode issues and the corresponding strategies,frontiers,and development trends to deeply comprehend the essence and inner connection of degradation mechanism and performance.First,the formation mechanism of dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution,corrosion,and their influence on the anode are analyzed.Furthermore,various strategies for constructing stable Zn anodes are summarized and discussed in detail from multiple perspectives.These strategies are mainly divided into interface modification,structural anode,alloying anode,intercalation anode,liquid electrolyte,non-liquid electrolyte,separator design,and other strategies.Finally,research directions and prospects are put forward for Zn anodes.This contribution highlights the latest developments and provides new insights into the advanced Zn anode for future research.

摘要： Saline soil is widely distributed in the marine sediments along the coast of the world and the arid-semi-arid areas of the Middle East and Iraq,and calcium sulfate erosion has become one of the important factors affecting the durability of concrete in this area.In order to clarify the mechanism of sulfate ion damage to concrete,this paper mainly takes saline soil with high sulfate content in coastal area as well as arid-semi-arid area as the research object,and uses indoor geotechnical test,field test and numerical simulation to study the influence of different dry-wet cycle times on the unconfined compressive strength of concrete test blocks,and puts forward the relationship between the erosion arrival depth and time of sulfate ion in concrete,so as to predict the long-term erosion depth by using the erosion depth of sulfate ion in concrete in short time.The results show that the shorter the erosion time when the erosion reaches a certain depth,and the larger the erosion reaches when the erosion time is the same,the faster the erosion reaches the depth with the increase of erosion time.Compared with rectangular section concrete,circular section concrete penetrates faster.The results of this study can provide a reference for the durability design of concrete in saline soil sites containing sulfate.

摘要： Cathodic arc evaporation is a well-established physical vapor deposition technique which is characterized by a high degree of ionization and high deposition rate. So far, this technique has been mainly used for the deposition of tribological coatings. In this study, anti-corrosive and electrical conductive carbon-based coatings with a metallic interlayer were prepared on stainless steel substrates as surface modification for metallic bipolar plates. Hereby, the influence of the deposition temperature during the deposition of the carbon top layer was investigated. Raman spectroscopy revealed differences in the microstructure at 200°C compared to 300°C and 100°C. Measurements of the interfacial contact resistance showed that the deposited coatings significantly improve the electrical conductivity. There are only minor differences between the different carbon top layers. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was studied via potentiodynamic polarization at room temperature and 80°C. Experiments showed that the coating with a carbon top layer deposited at 200°C, considerably reduces the current density and thus corrosion of the substrate is suppressed.

摘要： The corrosion and high-temperature oxidation characteristics of AM60 magnesium alloys in different environments were investigated by means of immersion test，electrochemical polarizing analysis and DTA/TG experiments. The influence of aging heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of AM60 magnesium alloys has been studied in details. It showed better corrosion resistance in sea water than in 3.5wt％ NaCl solution. The corrosion resistance after aging 24h was better than that of both as-cast and aging 48h ones. Corrosion resistance of Mg Alloy is controlled by microstructure，composition of αmatrix. Precipitation of βphase along the grain boundaries acts as a barrier which decrease corrosion rate，while the decrease of aluminum content of α causing an increase in the corrosion rate. The DTA and TG curves of heating process in air are characterized with combustion after 590°C. While heating in helium，the curves show two endothermal peaks and a remarkable evaporation of magnesium. Are different each other for AM60 heated in air and helium atmosphere. As for isothermal DTA and TG experiment，weight increment does happen till 520°C which results from oxidation.

摘要： Nanoceramet were prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation,compact forming process of uniaxial die,and then airpressure sintering.These nanoceramet is used as the inert anodes of aluminium electrolysis to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties,such as anticorrosion,conductivity,plasticity and toughness etc of previous ceramet inert anode.In this present paper,we studied the nanomaterial and nanoceramet by TEM,SEM and X-Ray diffraction methods.Results reveal that the NiO particle size of raw material is in the range of 15-30nm and the NiO/Fe2O3 nanocermet is determined.The results of corrosion and conductivity test show that the nanocermets call be used as inert anodes of aluminium electrolysis.