Compositae

摘要： This study aims to determine the differences in leaf functional traits and phenotypic plasticity of leaf functional traits between exotic and native Compositae plant species. Leaf width of exotic plants was significantly lower than that of native species.Leaf length, specific leaf area (SLA), single-leaf wet and dry weights, leaf moisture, and leaf thickness of exotic plants were also lower than those of native species but not significantly. The leaf shape index of exotic plants was higher than that of native species but not significantly. This implies that the relatively low leaf construction cost for exotic plants may play an important role in the success of their invasions. The higher leaf shape index and lower leaf width of exotic plants can enhance the efficiency of resource capture (especially sunlight capture) via adjustments to leaf shape and size, thereby increasing the survival of exotic plants. The plasticity indices of single-leaf wet weight and leaf thickness of exotic plants were significantly lower than those of native species.The lower phenotypic plasticity of single-leaf wet weight and leaf thickness of exotic plants may be the result of a cost to plasticity.That is, if the plasticity is too high, the fitness of plant species might be reduced sharply under unfavorable environments. Thus,lower plasticity of leaf functional traits may compensate for the negative impact of adverse environments and stabilize leaf construction costs for exotic plants. Moreover, reduced phenotypic plasticity might be one of the key competitive strategies by which exotic plants successfully invade new habitats. Overall, exotic plants did not always exhibit higher values of leaf functional traits or increased phenotypic plasticity of leaf functional traits compared with native species.

摘要： A new steviol diterpene glycoside, 13-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-{2-O-[6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl} ester (1) has been isolated from the commercial extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudi-ana Bertoni. Structure of the new compound has been established on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopy (1H &13C, TOCSY, HMQC, and HMBC) and High Resolution (HR) mass spectroscopic data as well as enzymatic and acid hydrolysis studies.

摘要： From the commercial extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a new minor ent-kaurane diterpene glycoside having five β-D-glucopyranosyl units has been isolated. The chemical structure of the new compound was characterized as 13-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) ester (1) on the basis of extensive 1D (1H & 13C) and 2D NMR (TOCSY, HMQC, and HMBC), and High Resolution (HR) mass spectroscopic data as well as hydrolysis studies.

摘要： Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice increased levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and decreased level of serum insulin. Effects of Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風通聖散) and its composed crude drug, gardeniae fructus (GF: 山梔子) were investigated on levels of these diabetic parameters (serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol) in STZ-diabetic mice. BOF and GF were extracted in 10 volumes of distilled water with an automatic extractor “Torobi”. STZ-induced diabetic mice with serum glucose level of over 600 mg/dl at 3 - 4 weeks after intravenous injection of 150 mg/kg STZ were used for experiments. BOF extract, GF extract, geniposide (a main constituent of GF), and glibenclamide were administered intraperitoneally into 3-hour-fasted STZ-diabetic mice. At 6 hours after administration, BOF extract (100 - 300 mg/kg) decreased high levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and also increased low level of serum insulin in STZ-diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (0.3 - 1 mg/kg) as positive control significantly decreased serum glucose and cholesterol levels, and increased serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. GF extract (30 - 300 mg/kg) decreased serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels but did not affect serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. Geniposide (10 - 100 mg/kg), decreased serum glucose level but did not affect serum insulin and triglyceride levels in the diabetic mice. These results demonstrated that intraperitoneally administrated BOF extract improved abnormal levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol in the STZ-diabetic mice as being similar to glibenclamide. GF extract has an important role in a part of improving actions of BOF in the diabetic mice. The action of GF extract on serum glucose was parallel with the action of geniposide in the diabetic mice, supporting roles of geniposide in anti-hyperglycemic action of GF.

摘要： Chcmical investigation of L, fischeri afforded two new eremophilenolides. which were identified as 6β-methoxy-8β-hydroxy-eremophil(11)-en-12.8a-olide 1. 6-oxo-8β-hydroxy eremophil-7(11)-en- 12.8α-olide 2.

摘要： A new nor-neolignan, named ellisinin A (1), has been isolated from the traditionalTibetan medicinal plants of Cremanthodium ellisii. Its structure has been determined on the basisof spectroscopic evidence, especially by 2DNMR (1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC).

摘要： Erigeside I was isolated from Erigeron breviscapus. The structure elucidation and 1H.13C NMR assignments were achieved by spectroscopic method.

摘要： Two new sesquiterpenes: beishulenolide A 1 and peroxiatractylenolide III 2 wereisolated from Atraclylodes macrocephala Koids (compositae).Their structures were elucidated onthe basis of spectral evidence, especially 2D-NMR methods and chemical conversion.

摘要： A kind of diamond grinding wheel bonded by short cast iron fibres has been developed. ln comparison with high quality bronze bonded diamond grinding wheel. the new wheel was more suitable to grind hard and brittle materials like ceramics. For Si3N4, the grinding efficiency has been raised two times and the grinding ratio five

摘要： A new oleanane-rype triterpene glycoside, Aster saponin G, was isolated from the root of Aster tataricus L.F. (Compositae). and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical methods. Aster saponin G is 3-0[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2β,3β, 16α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(asterogenic acid) 28-0-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]