摘要：
As one of the key technologies of conservation tillage,subsoiling has been widely promoted in northern China,while the large traction resistance and high energy consumption of subsoiling is the main problem of subsoiling.The structural parameters of subsoiler,which included spade shape,penetrating angle and wingspan angle,had significant effects on the soil property of subsoiling trench and the traction resistance of subsoiler.In order to investigate the effect on the soil physical properties (bulk density,soil porosity and cone index) of subsoiling trench in 0 ～ 40 cm depth,calculate the subsoiling trench crosssectional area (TCA) and the traction resistance of subsoilers,and make optimization for the key structural parameters of subsoiler,the chisel-shape subsoiler (CS),arrowhead-shape subsoiler (AS) and wing-shape subsoiler (WS) were designed and tested under no-tillage conditions.Orthogonal experiment was conducted in spring maize ridge-tillage area which was located in Zhangwu county,Liaoning province in Northeast China.The trench specific resistance (TSR) of the above three subsoilers had also been calculated.The results indicated that penetrating angle α and wingspan angle β had no significant effect on the change of soil physical properties,TCA and TSR,while the change of α had a significant influence on the traction resistance,and it would be the minimum subsioler when α was 21°.The spade shape of subsoilers affected soil physical properties,TCA,traction resistance and TSR significantly.The soil disturbance extent of subsoiling and TCA were increased in accordance with the order of CS,AS and WS.TCA for WS was greater than those for CS and AS by 49.8％ and 30.0％,respectively,and TCA for AS was greater than that for CS by 15.3％ (P ＜0.05).However,the traction resistance for WS was greater than those for CS and AS by 123.6％ and 36.6％,respectively,and the traction resistance for AS was greater than that for CS by 63.7％ (P ＜ 0.05).TSR was significantly affected by the spade shape,and it was increased with the order of CS,AS and WS.TSR for CS was less than those for AS and WS by 42.4％ and 50.2％,respectively,and TSR for AS was less than that for WS by 5.4％.The analysis result showed that if it was just to get relatively more soil disturbance,WS would be the best choice when its penetrating angle α was 21°.While taking subsoiling trench's soil properties,TCA and traction resistance,especially TSR into consideration,the relatively best subsoiler was chisel-shape subsoiler (CS) when its penetrating angle α was 21 °.%针对目前深松铲作业阻力大的问题,以3种深松铲(凿形、箭形、翼形)为研究对象,以深松铲的铲形、入土角α和张角β为试验因素,在辽宁省春玉米垄作区,进行了田间正交试验.检测了深松沟土壤扰动等指标和深松阻力F,计算了深松沟形面积与牵引阻力比值即沟形面积比阻.结果表明,α、β对耕后土壤特性、深松沟形面积和沟形面积比阻没有显著影响.α对阻力F有显著影响,F随α先减小,再增大,当α为21 °时阻力最小.铲形对耕后土壤特性、深松沟形面积、阻力F和沟形面积比阻有显著影响,凿形铲、箭形铲和翼形铲作业对土壤扰动面积依次增大,翼形铲的扰动面积分别比凿形铲和箭形铲大49.8％、30.0％,箭形铲扰动面积比凿形铲大15.3％ (P ＜0.05);但翼形铲所受阻力分别比箭形铲和凿形铲大123.6％和36.6％,箭形铲比凿形铲所受阻力大63.7％(P＜0.05).从凿形铲到翼形铲,沟形面积比阻依次增大,凿形铲的沟形面积比阻分别较箭形铲和翼形铲小42.4％和50.2％(P＜0.05),箭形铲的沟形面积比阻较翼形铲小5.4％(P＜0.05).综合深松铲对土壤扰动疏松效果、牵引阻力及沟形面积比阻分析,入土角α为21°的凿形铲是相对最优的铲形.
