摘要：
Objective To evaluate the effect of a new type of fixation tape for tracheal catheter in intensive care patients.Methods A purposive sampling study was conducted. Ninety patients experienced oral tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation, and admitted to respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from November 2015 to February 2017 were enrolled. All the patients were randomly (random number) divided into the control group and the observation group with 45 patients in each group. The patients in control group was treated with the traditional medical adhesive tape and fixation belt to fix endotracheal tube, while the patients in observation group was treated with a new type of tracheal catheter fixation tape. The fixation effect, skin complication rate, patient's comfort level, nursing workload and satisfaction were evaluated in both groups.Results There were 6 patients with mild displacement, 2 patients with moderate displacement and 1 patient with severe displacement in the control group, while there was no catheter displacement or detachment occurred in the observation group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 2.944,P = 0.003). In the control group, there were 39 patients with facial skin redness,6 patients with facial skin damage, 36 patients with neck skin redness, and 2 patients with neck skin damage. In the observation group, there were no facial skin complications and only 2 patients with neck skin redness, and the skin complication rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (facial skin:Z = 9.173,P = 0.000; neck skin:Z = 7.549,P = 0.000). Compared with the control group, the patients' comfort levels were significantly elevated in the observation group (the intolerance patients: 9 vs. 24, the extreme discomfort patients: 4 vs. 8,Z = 3.695,P = 0.000). The total changing times of the fixation belt and operating time for each change in the observation group were significantly decreased as compared with those of control group [changing times of the fixation belt (times): 1.89±0.77 vs. 3.86±1.18, operating time for each change (minutes): 10.31±1.47 vs. 15.78±1.89, bothP < 0.01]. Nursing satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (100% vs. 33.3%,P < 0.01).Conclusions The new fixation tape for tracheal catheter could significantly reduce the catheter displacement and detachment rate, and decreasethe incidence of facial skin injury. It is easy to learn and worth to generalize clinically.%目的 评价新型气管导管固定带在重症患者中的应用效果.方法 采用目的抽样研究方法,选择2015年11月至2017年2月入住南通大学第二附属医院呼吸内科重症加强治疗病房(ICU)的90例经口气管插管机械通气患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为两组,每组45例.对照组采用传统医用胶布加寸带双套结法固定气管导管,观察组采用新型气管导管固定带固定气管导管.评价两组导管固定效果、皮肤并发症、舒适度以及护士工作量和满意度.结果 对照组分别有6、2、1例发生了导管轻、中、重度移位,而观察组未发生导管移位和脱落,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=2.944,P=0.003).对照组面部皮肤红肿39例、破损6例,颈后皮肤红肿36例、破损2例;观察组面部未见皮肤并发症,仅有2例颈后皮肤出现红肿现象,皮肤并发症较对照组明显减少(面部:Z=9.173,P=0.000;颈后:Z=7.549,P=0.000).对照组24例患者不能耐受、8例极为不适;观察组9例患者不能耐受、4例极为不适,耐受情况明显优于对照组(Z=3.695,P=0.000).观察组更换固定带次数及单次更换固定带时间均明显少于对照组〔更换固定带次数(次):1.89±0.77比3.86±1.18,单次更换固定带时间(min):10.31±1.47比15.78±1.89,均P<0.01〕.护士对传统医用胶布加寸带双套结法固定气管导管满意率为33.3%,明显低于观察组100%的满意率(P<0.01).结论 新型气管导管固定带可以明显降低气管导管移位率和脱管率,同时降低面部皮肤损伤发生率,且操作简便易行,可以临床推广.
