摘要：
为了缓解豫西旱地烟田干旱缺水以及烤烟产质量不稳定等问题,在洛阳烟区设置保水剂不同施用量田间试验处理,T1(CK):当地常规栽培措施(不施保水剂),T2:保水剂15kg·hm-2,T3:保水剂30 kg·hm-2,T4:保水剂45 kg·hm-2,探究保水剂对豫西烟田土壤水分、养分、烤烟生长、化学质量以及经济性状的影响.结果表明:T4和T3较CK可以显著提高烤烟生育期各时期内的土壤含水率、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量和有机质含量;施用保水剂可以提高烤烟的总糖、还原糖、钾、类胡萝卜素类、棕色化产物和新植二烯的含量,降低烟碱、氯、芳香族氨基酸类和类西柏烷类的含量,提高烤烟的糖碱比和钾氯比,协调烟叶中性致香成分,提高烟叶质量;T4和T3的烤烟产量较CK显著增加12.79％和10.25％;T4、T3和T2的烤烟产值较CK显著增加15.07％、15.25％和4.51％.在保水剂施用量30kg·hm-2的条件下,土壤速效养分较好,烤后烟的化学质量和经济效益最佳.%In order to improve water shortage of tobacco field and unstable yield and quality of tobacco in the arid land of west Henan Province,four treatments of super absorbent polymers(SAPs)in the field experiments were carried out in Luoyang tobacco growing area.T1(CK)represented local conventional cultivation measures without SAP,T2 represented 15 kg·hm-2of SAPs,T3 represented 30 kg·hm-2of SAPs and T4 represented 45 kg·hm-2of SAPs.The influence of super absorbent polymers on soil moisture and nutrient,the growth of tobacco,chemical property and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were studied.Results indicated that the T4 and T3 can improve the soil moisture content,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content and organic matter content in each stage of the whole tobacco growing period than CK; Applica-tion the SAP can significantly increase the content of total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium,carotenoid catabolites,the products of browning reaction and neophytadiene of tobacco,decrease the nicotine,chlorine,aro-matic amino acid and cembratriendiol catabolites content.The ratio of sugar to nicotine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine had increased.The neutral aroma components of tobacco was coordinated,which improves the quality of to-bacco leaves.The tobacco yield from T4 and T3 treatments had significantly increased by 12.79％and 10.25％com-pared with CK,respectively.The production value of tobacco from T4,T3 and T2 treatments had significantly in-creased by 15.07％,15.25％and 4.51％.Under the condition of 30 kg·hm-2SAPs,not only available soil nutri-ents improved,but also the chemical components and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco improved.
