摘要：
Non-point source pollution of planting has become a major factor affecting the quality and safety of water environment in our country.In recent years,some studies show that the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural chemical fertilizers has led to more serious non-point source pollution.By means of the loss coefficient method and spatial overlay analysis,the loss amount,loss of strength and its spatial distribution characteristics of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were analyzed in the Fuxian Lake,Xingyun Lake and Qilu Lake Basin in 2015.The results showed that:The loss of total nitrogen was the highest in the three basins,following by ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus,which the loss of intensity range were 2.73～22.07,0.003～3.52,0.01 ～2.25 kg· hm-2 and 0.05～ 1.36 kg· hm-2,respectively.Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss were mainly concentrated in the southwest of Qilu Lake,west and south of Xingyun Lake.Ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen loss mainly concentrated in the south of Qilu Lake,south and north of Xingyun Lake.The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus was mainly derived from cash crops and rice.Therefore,zoning,grading and phased prevention and control schemes were proposed,in order to provide scientific basis for controlling non-point source pollution in the study area.%种植业面源污染己经成为我国水环境质量安全的重大影响因素,近些年来的研究表明,农药化肥中的氮、磷元素的流失使种植业面源污染更加严重.本文通过流失系数法和空间叠加分析,对2015年云南三大高原湖泊(抚仙湖、星云湖和杞麓湖)流域种植业总氮、总磷、铵态氮、硝态氮的流失量和流失强度及其空间分布特征进行分析研究.结果表明:三大流域内种植业总氮流失量最大,其次为铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷,流失强度分别为2.73～22.07、0.003～3.52、0.01～2.25、0.05～1.36 kg· hm2;总氮、总磷流失范围主要集中在杞麓湖的西南部,星云湖西部和南部.铵态氮、硝态氮流失主要集中在杞麓湖的南部,星云湖南部和北部;氮磷元素的流失主要来源于经济作物和水稻.本研究根据研究结果分别制定分区、分级、分阶段防治计划,以期为控制研究区种植业面源污染提供科学依据.
