摘要：
Objective: This review introduces three ways of body water measurement, and provides guidance for selecting ways that are appropriate for use with unique individuals and situations. Methods: It describes the theory, methods and application of the body water measurement ways of isotope dilution, neutron activation analysis, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Al-so, it compares the advantages and disadvantages of the three body water measurement ways, and research the fields and scopes which they can be applied. Results: Neutron activation analysis is considered as the reference standard for all element i-dentification. It has the highest precision, but sophisticated technology, the highest expense to measure body water. So it can-not be used for ordinary people. Isotope dilution has higher precision and expense compared to bioelectrical impedance analy-sis, also it has complex technology. And it is harmful to people who is detected. So it is applied in laboratory in most condi-tions. Bioelectrical impedance analysis has good precision, simple technology, low-expending, and it can be used for ordinary people. Conclusions: All of the three ways of body water measurement can measure total body water, extracellular water and intracellular water. But the three ways have some disadvantages, they need to proceed and explore. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is low-expending, safe, can measure body water fast and accurately, and can be easily accepted by the subjects, so it has great application prospects.%目的:通过对三种人体水分测量技术进行阐述,对于不同的个体或情形下,使用不同的人体水分测量技术提供参考和依据.方法:对三种人体水分测量技术,包括同位素稀释法、中子活化分析法和生物电阻抗分析法的原理、方法和应用分别进行阐述.比较三种测量技术之间的优点和缺点,探寻它们可应用的领域和范围.结果:中子活化分析法被认为是所有元素检测的参考标准,测量精确率最高,但是,测量技术十分复杂,分析成本昂贵,几乎不能用于普通人群体内水分的测量;同位素稀释法的测试精确率较高,测试技术较复杂,测试成本较昂贵,对受试者有一定的危害,一般用于实验室内的测试.生物电阻抗法的测量精确率尚可,测试技术简单,成本低廉,可用于普通人群的测试.结论:三种人体水分测量技术都能够测量出人体内的总体液、细胞外液和细胞内液.但是这三种人体水分测量技术还有其劣势,有待人们进行发展和探索.其中,生物电阻抗分析法是一种成本低廉、安全、无创,能快速而准确地测量出人体水分的技术,测试对象易接受,有较大的应用前景.
