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毒效

毒效的相关文献在1984年到2021年内共计200篇,主要集中在预防医学、卫生学、药学、植物保护 等领域,其中期刊论文193篇、会议论文3篇、专利文献56763篇;相关期刊126种,包括武夷科学、上海预防医学、中国乡村医药等; 相关会议3种,包括第二届全国环境与职业医学研究生学术研讨会、中国昆虫学会2000年学术年会、第七届全国杀虫微生物学术讨论会等;毒效的相关文献由407位作者贡献,包括孙雯雯、李培羽、吴彤宇等。

毒效—发文量

期刊论文>

论文:193 占比:0.34%

会议论文>

论文:3 占比:0.01%

专利文献>

论文:56763 占比:99.66%

总计:56959篇

毒效—发文趋势图

毒效

-研究学者

  • 孙雯雯
  • 李培羽
  • 吴彤宇
  • 张仲秋
  • 曹敏
  • 王开运
  • 仪美芹
  • 吴鹤松
  • 姜兴印
  • 孙启廷
  • 期刊论文
  • 会议论文
  • 专利文献

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    • 高瑞桐; Baode Wang; 赵同海; 刘桂军; 刘恩山; 王红艳
    • 摘要: 以树干注药和土壤施药方法对吡虫啉和呋虫胺2种杀虫剂控制白蜡窄吉丁进行试验.结果 表明:1)成虫的死亡数量:2年试验结果都以呋虫胺10%液剂瓶注干的最多,平均每5株树下为96.5头和238.0头,吡虫啉10%液剂土壤施药次之,为34.8头和86.8头;2)2年套笼处理树上的成虫死亡率:都以吡虫啉10%药液土壤施药死亡快、死亡率高,套笼后4天累计死亡率达到75%以上,6天累计死亡率为80%~100%;其次为呋虫胺10%液剂注干、呋虫胺75%粉剂土壤施药;3)幼虫的死亡率:2004年吡虫啉10%液剂土壤施药死亡率为100%、2005年除33.3%被寄生外死亡率也是100%,其次是吡虫啉10%药液注干、呋虫胺10%药瓶注干;4)施药后第2年的持续效果:吡虫啉10%液剂土壤施药效果最好,平均每5株树下有死亡成虫52头以上,多于对照和其它处理,其次为吡虫啉10%液剂注干.
    • 高瑞桐; Baode Wang; 赵同海; 刘桂军; 刘恩山; 王红艳
    • 摘要: 在野外对呋虫胺(Dinotefuran)、噻虫嗪(Thiamethoxam)和甲氨基阿维菌素(Ememectin)3种杀虫剂以树干注药和土壤施药的方法施药,对白蜡窄吉丁(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)进行了毒杀效果试验,观察试验树下成虫死亡数,并在试验树上罩纱笼接成虫观察致死率、10月解剖树干记录幼虫存活数等.结果 表明:(1)施药后50 d内,呋虫胺液剂注干成虫死亡数最多有253.7头/5株,其次为噻虫嗪液剂土壤36.8头/5株,甲氨基阿维菌素乳油喷冠最差只有11.3头/5株.(2)呋虫胺液剂注干、呋虫胺粉剂土壤成虫寿命短、死亡快、死亡率高.(3)呋虫胺液剂注干幼虫存活数量少,其次是呋虫胺粉剂土壤.(4)施药后第2年药剂的持续效果,甲氨基阿维菌素粉剂注干成虫死亡数最多、寿命最短、死亡率也高,其次呋虫胺液剂注干.认为呋虫胺液剂注干效果最好;其次噻虫嗪液剂土壤和甲氨基阿维菌素粉剂注干,甲氨基阿维菌素乳油喷冠最差.
    • 彭成
    • 摘要: Currently,the safety and efficacy of Chinese materia medica have been questioned.Encountering that situation,this paper systematically elaborated on the cognitive process and basic connotation of the toxicity and efficacy of Chinese materia medica.A new thought and methodology of " multidimensional evaluation and integrative analysis of the toxicity and efficacy of TCM" was proposed.Taking Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata as an example,the breeds,quality,pharmaceutical manufacture,medicinal properties,medicinal effects,and application of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata were used to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy systematically.Furthermore,the material basis,mechanism,and principle of effect-enhancing and toxicity-reducing of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata were integrated analyzed.%本文针对中药安全性、有效性备受质疑的现状,系统阐述了中药毒效的认知过程和基本内涵,提出中药毒效“系统中药、多维评价、整合分析”的研究思路与方法,并以附子为例,系统研究评价附子毒效在系统中药中“品种、品质、制药、药性、功效、应用”的表现形式,整合分析附子“毒效”的物质基础、作用机制和增效解毒原理.
    • 谢晓芳; 彭成
    • 摘要: As a famous geo-authentic medicine distributed in Sichuan Province,Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata is also a traditionally toxic medicine with curative effect in clinic.Heart is the key target for both toxicity and efficacy of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata.However,the correlation between toxicity and efficacy on heart remains unknown.Under the guidance of the research idea "multidimensional evaluation and integrated analysis between ‘ toxicity and efficacy’ for Chinese materia medica" proposed by professor Peng Cheng,the article tightly focused on the six factors as "variety,quality,processing,property,efficacy,application" of Chinese materia medica.The research status of ‘ toxicity-efficacy’ material basis,mechanism,and effect-enhancing and toxicity-reducing principle for Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata on heart were summarized based on our years of researches and other relative researches at home and abroad.Cardiac toxicity-efficacy mechanism was integrated analyzed then.It was shown that diester-type alkaloids (DA) was material base for heart toxicity in Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata,while total alkaloids (AD),water-soluble alkaloids (WA),polysaccharide and some other compounds in Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata were responsible for effects of cardiotonic and protecting myocardial cells.There were the same targets in myocardial cells for toxicity and efficacy of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata,such as cell morphology and function,membrane stability,cellular environmental homeostasis,ion transport-related ATPase and channels,and energy metabolism.However,there was some respective mechanism for each other.Multi-means could be taken to control cardiac toxicity and enhance effects on heart for Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata,including legal processing,reasonable compatibility,differentiation for use,extending time of decoction,dosage control.%附子是著名的川产道地药材,也是传统确有疗效有毒中药,心脏是其重要毒效靶器官,但毒-效相关性不甚明确.本文在彭成教授提出的“中药‘毒与效’的多维评价与整合分析”的研究思路指导下,紧密围绕中药“品质制性效用”六大元素,以本团队多年的研究成果为基础,并广泛整理国内外相关研究成果,按附子的心脏“毒-效”物质基础-附子的心脏“毒-效”机制-附子对心脏的增效减毒原理3个层面综述研究现状,整合分析附子对心脏的毒效机制.结果显示,附子中所含的双酯型生物碱是附子致心脏毒性的主要物质基础,而附子的强心和保护心肌作用是附子总碱、附子水溶性生物碱、附子多糖及其他一些成分等多成分综合作用的结果;附子对心脏的毒机制和效机制在心肌细胞上存在相同靶点,主要包括细胞形态和功能、细胞膜稳定性、细胞内环境稳态、离子转运相关ATP酶和通道、细胞能量代谢;但又有各自的独有机制;可通过依法炮制、合理配伍、辨证用药、延长煎煮时间和控制剂量等多种手段控制附子的心脏毒性和发挥其强心、保护心肌作用.
    • 张水莲
    • 摘要: 目的:研究并确定甘遂饮片的炮制机理.方法:使用甘遂的毒效成分之一的3-O-(2′cE, 4′cZ-癸二烯酰基)-20-O-乙酰基巨大戟二萜醇当做,指标性化合物,然后使用HPLC方式,将醋的用量、炒制温度以及炒制所需时间作为研究所参考的指标,通过正交实验法L9(34),挑选出最佳的甘遂饮片炮制工艺.结果:对甘遂饮片进行炮制,所使用的醋的用量为30%,在对其进行炒制过程中,所需温度需要控制为260°C,而温度需要控制在9min.结论: 优选的醋甘遂炮制工艺科学可行,重现性较好.
    • 任怡桐; 杨绍斌
    • 摘要: [目的]探讨鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌和毒芹的毒素粗提物的复合物对杨干象的毒杀效果,为微生物杀虫剂的开发与利用提供理论依据。[方法]采用堵孔法测定不同浓度鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌、毒芹的毒素粗提物及二者的复合物对杨干象的毒杀效果。[结果]鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌和毒芹的毒素粗提物及二者的复合物均对杨干象具有毒杀作用。施药24 h后,鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌和毒芹的毒素粗提物对杨干象都有显著毒杀效果,最高浓度时杀虫率分别达81.10%和84.43%,后者的毒杀效果明显优于前者。鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌和毒芹的毒素粗提物的复合物在48 h内可达到100%的杀虫率,该复合物对杨干象在12、24、48、72 h的半致死浓度( LC50)分别是74.669、56.123、45.343、39.115 mg/mL。[结论]鳞柄白毒鹅膏菌和毒芹的毒素粗提物的复合物作为一种复合微生物杀虫剂,对杨干象有显著的防治效果。%Objective] To discuss the toxic effects of composite toxin crude extracts of Amanita virso a and Ci cuta virosa L.on Cryptorhynchus lapathi L., and to provide new theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of microbial pesticide .[ Method] We detected the toxic effects of toxin crude extracts of A.virosa and C.viros and the composite of the two on C.lapathi.[Result ] Crude extracts of A.virosa and C. viros and the composite of the two had toxic effects on C.lapathi.After administration for 24 h, crude extracts of A.virosa and C.iv ros had sig-nificant toxic effects on C.lapathi.The killing rates reached 81.10%and 84.43%, respectively, at the highest concentration.The toxic effects of the latter was superior to that of the former.Composite of the two reached 100%killing rate within 48 h.Semi-lethal concentrations (LC50) at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h were 74.669, 56.123, 45.343 and 39.115 mg/mL, respectively.[Conclusion] Composite of the crude extracts of A.iv rosa and C.viros has significant control effects on C.lapathi as a kind of compound microbial pesticide.
    • 刘刚
    • 摘要: 湖北省农科院植保土肥研究所近期通过叶片浸渍法研究了氟啶虫胺腈对棉蚜的室内活性,同时分析了其对棉花的安全性。室内毒力测定结果表明,氟啶虫胺腈处理棉蚜24小时的LC50和LC90为1.98mg/L和26.02mg/L,显著低于吡虫啉的8.69mg/L和132.68mg/L,毒效比达4.39;处理48小时后,氟啶虫胺腈对棉蚜仍表现出很高的杀虫活性,且显著高于吡虫啉。棉花安全性试
    • 张标明; 农春莲; 丁成彬
    • 摘要: [目的]了解自制中药粉剂对黑翅土白蚁的毒性.[方法]在室内测定中药粉剂对黑翅土白蚁的驱避性、触杀作用及毒力传递效果.[结果]自制的中药粉剂对黑翅土白蚁无驱避作用;3.125%、6.250%、12.500%、25.000%及50.000%5个系列浓度均达到100%的触杀效果;中药粉剂的毒性可在黑翅土白蚁中传递.[结论]自制的中药粉剂对黑翅土白蚁具有较好的毒杀作用.
    • 张标明; 农春莲; 丁成彬
    • 摘要: [目的】了解自制的中药粉剂对黑翅土白蚁的毒性作用。[方法】在室内测定中药粉剂对黑翅土白蚁的驱避性、触杀作用及毒力传递效果。[结果]自制的中药粉剂对黑翅土白蚁没有驱避作用;3.125%、6.25%、12.5%、25%及50%五个系列浓度均达到100%的触杀效果;中药粉剂的毒性可在白蚁中传递。【结论】自制的中药粉剂对黑翅土白蚁具有较好的毒杀作用。
    • 孙蓉; 严敏; 王懿; 冯群; 李晓宇
    • 摘要: Objective To study the influence of cardiac function with the drug serum in Aconite water extract and explore the correlation between efficacy and toxicity of Radix Aconite. Methods Take the myocardial perfusion experiment named Langedorff to observe the changes of cardiac output and myocardial contractility in isolated heart with different doses from pharmacopoeia prescribed doses to high doses. Results The cardiac output and myocardial contraction force of isolated heart could be significantly increased with the pharmacopoeia prescribed doses' medicated serum, and the increase amplitude was connected with doses obviously. But in large doses, the cardiac output and cardiac muscle contraction force could not be increased much more. There were no significant changes in heart rate of all doses. Conclusion Under the pharmacopoeia prescribed doses, the cardiac function of isolated heart could be increased with Aconite water extract and present a certain "dose-efficacy" relationship. But in large doses, the myocardial contraction force of isolated heart was insufficient and the cardiac output was decreased along with the increasing dose, and presented a certain"dose-toxicity"relationship. Therefore, the monitoring work of toxicity below the high doses should be paid attention to and the relevancy between efficacy and toxicity should be researched, so as to find a reasonable and effective dosage range, and to provide guidance for clinical safe drug use.%目的研究附子水提组分含药血清对大鼠离体心功能的影响,探讨附子药效和毒性的关联性。方法采用Langedorff离体心脏灌流实验,分别观察附子药典规定剂量和大剂量含药血清对大鼠离体心脏心输出量、心肌收缩力和心率的影响。结果药典规定剂量下的附子含药血清能够明显增加离体心的心输出量和心肌收缩力,增加幅度呈现明显的剂量依赖性;大剂量下的附子含药血清可以增加心输出量和心肌收缩力,但在4.28 g·kg-1及以上的剂量下,增加幅度变小,不随剂量升高而继续加大;所有剂量下对心率的影响没有出现显著性差异。结论药典规定剂量下附子水提组分在能够明显增强离体心功能,呈现一定“量-效”关系;大剂量下离体心脏功能随剂量的增大表现出心肌收缩力量不足,心输出量减少的毒副作用,呈现一定的“量-毒”关系。因此,必须重视大剂量应用附子时的毒副作用检测工作,研究药效发挥和毒性表达的关联性,找到一个合理有效的用药剂量范围,更好的为临床安全用药提供指导。
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