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    • Heli Yang; Ke Ji; Jiafu Ji
    • 摘要: The concept and strategy of advanced gastric cancer treatment have gradually undergone profound changes with the in-depth understanding of the biology and heterogeneous characteristics of gastric cancer.Moreover,the development and application of new anticancer drugs,including chemotherapy drugs,molecularly targeted drugs and immunotherapy drugs for advanced gastric cancer are reported.The connotation of conversion therapy refers to the unresectable or borderline resectable tumors for surgical technical and/or oncological reasons,after active and effective chemotherapy and other comprehensive treatment,the primary gastric lesions can be reduced to a lower stage,while the metastatic lesions can be effectively controlled,to achieve R0 resection and improve the long-term survival rate.Current promising research results of conversion therapy are mostly from single-arm phase II clinical studies with small samples or retrospective studies.Conversion therapy still faces many challenges,including limited diagnostic and assessment methods,insufficient evidence of highly effective treatment regimens,difficulty in clarifying surgical indications,etc.Therefore,the integrated conversion therapy for advanced gastric cancer needs to be carried out with the close cooperation of a multidisciplinary team.Prospective,multi-center randomized controlled trial studies should be conducted in the future,and precision medicine such as molecular biology should be combined to provide better anticancer drug regimens and higher-level clinical evidence for conversion therapy of advanced gastric cancer.
    • 魏雄冬
    • 摘要: KUKA工业机器人的应用范围非常广泛,官方软件KUKA.Sim Pro在中国的市场也越来越大。如何让KUKA.Sim Pro和西门子1500PLC通信,实现PLC和仿真软件进行数据交互一直是用户最关心的问题。本文通过测试KUKA.Sim Pro与S7-1500PLC的OPC UA通信,最终实现了KUKA.Sim Pro与S7-1500PLC的数据交互。
    • Angela Lamarca; Mauro Cives; Louis de Mestier; Joakim Crona; Francesca Spada; KjellÖberg; Marianne Pavel; Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
    • 摘要: BACKGROUND Somatostatin analogues are an established first-line therapy for well differentiated small bowel neuroendocrine tumours(Wd-SBNETs),while and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT)is frequently used as a second-line therapy.Adequate treatment selection of third-line treatment remains challenging due to the limited prospective data currently available on the best therapeutic sequence.AIM To understand current practice and rationale for decision-making by physicians in the 3rd-line setting by building an online survey.METHODS Weighted average(WA)of likelihood of usage between responders(1 very unlikely;4 very likely)was used to reflect the relevance of factors explored.RESULTS Replies from representatives of 28 centers were received(5/8/2020-21/9/2020);medical oncologist(53.6%),gastroenterologist(17.9%);United Kingdom(21.4%),Spain(17.9%),Italy(14.3%).Majority from European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society(ENETS)Centres of Excellence(57.1%),who followed ENETS guidelines(82.1%).Generally speaking,3rd-line treatment for Wd-SBNETs was:everolimus(EVE)(66.7%),PRRT(18.5%),liver embolization(LE)(7.4%)and interferon-alpha(IFN)(3.7%);chemotherapy(0%);decision was based on clinical trial data(59.3%),or personal experience(22.2%).EVE was most likely used if Ki-67<10%(WA 3.27/4)or age<70 years(WA 3.23/4),in the 3rd-line setting(WA 3.23/4);regardless of presence/absence of carcinoid syndrome(CS),rate of progression or extent of disease.Chemotherapy was mainly utilised only if rapid progression(within 6 mo)(WA 3.35/4),Ki-6710%-20%(WA 2.77/4),negative somatostatin receptor imaging(WA 2.65/4)or high tumour burden(WA 2.77/4);temozolomide or streptozocin was used with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)(57.7%),FOLFOX(5-FU combined with oxaliplatin)(23.1%).LE was selected if presence of CS(WA 3.24/4)or Ki-67<10%(WA 2.8/4),after progression to other treatments(WA 2.8/4).IFN was rarely used(WA 1.3/4).CONCLUSION Everolimus was the most frequently used therapeutic option in the third-line setting.The most important factors for decision-making included Ki-67,rate of progression,functionality and tumour burden;since this decision is based on multiple factors,it highlights the need for a multidisciplinary assessment.
    • Kar Yong Wong; Aloysius MN Tan
    • 摘要: BACKGROUND Pelvic recurrence after rectal cancer surgery is still a significant problem despite the introduction of total mesorectal excision and chemoradiation treatment(CRT),and one of the most common areas of recurrence is in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes.Hence,there is a possible role for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND)in rectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients who underwent minimally invasive LPND during rectal cancer surgery.Secondary outcomes were to evaluate for any predictive factors to determine lymph node metastases based on pre-operative scans.METHODS From October 2016 to November 2019,22 patients with stage II or III rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery and LPND.These patients were all discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting and most of them received neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to surgery.All patients had radiologically positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes on the initial staging scans,defined as lymph nodes larger than 7 mm in long axis measurement,or abnormal radiological morphology.LPND was only performed on the involved side.RESULTS Majority of the patients were male(18/22,81.8%),with a median age of 65 years(44-81).Eighteen patients completed neoadjuvant CRT pre-operatively.18 patients(81.8%)had unilateral LPND,with the others receiving bilateral surgery.The median number of lateral pelvic lymph nodes harvested was 10(3-22)per pelvic side wall.8 patients(36.4%)had positive metastases identified in the lymph nodes harvested.The median pre-CRT size of these positive lymph nodes was 10 mm.Median length of stay was 7.5 d(3-76),and only 2 patients failed initial removal of their urinary catheter.Complication rates were low,with only 1 lymphocele and 1 anastomotic leak.There was only 1 mortality(4.5%).There have been no recurrences so far.CONCLUSION Chemoradiation is inadequate in completely eradicating lateral wall metastasis and there are still technical limitations in accurately diagnosing metastases in these areas.A pre-CRT lymph node size of≥10 mm is suggestive of metastases.LPND may be performed safely with minimally invasive surgery.
    • Federico Pinero; Marcelo Silva; Massimo Iavarone
    • 摘要: During the last decades,further knowledge of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)molecular mechanisms has led to development of effective systemic treatments including tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)and immunotherapy.In this review,we describe first and second line systemic treatment options for advanced HCC.Several trials have evaluated new drugs for the treatment of HCC patients:In first line,lenvatinib resulted non-inferior to sorafenib and it can be used as alternative,even in the lack of evidence for sequential treatment options in second line after lenvatinib.Recently,atezolizumab plus bevacizumab have shown superiority over sorafenib in first-line.Sorafenib-regorafenib sequential administration in selected patients has opened a new paradigm of treatment in advanced HCC with a life expectancy exceeding two years.Other TKIs for second line treatment include cabozantinib and ramucirumab(specifically for patients with Alpha-fetoprotein values≥400 ng/mL).The combination of TKIs with immunotherapy may represent a big step forward for these patients in the near future.
    • Volkan Ince; Brian I Carr; Harika Gozukara Bag; Veysel Ersan; Sertac Usta; Cemalettin Koc; Fatih Gonultas; Baris Kemal Sarici; Serdar Karakas; Koray Kutluturk; Adil Baskiran; Sezai Yilmaz
    • 摘要: BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in transplanting patients with hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) with tumors greater than 5 cm (Milan criteria).AIM To investigate possible prognostically-useful factors for liver transplantation inHCC patients with large tumors.METHODS In this clinical study, 50 patients with HCC who were transplanted at our LiverTransplant Center between April 2006 and August 2019 and had tumors greaterthan 6 cm maximum diameter were retrospectively analyzed. Their survival andfull clinical characteristics were examined, with respect to serum alphafetoprotein(AFP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to determine overall survival and disease-freesurvival in these patients. The inclusion criterion was evidence of HCC. Exclusioncriteria were the presence of macroscopic portal vein thrombosis or metastasisand a follow-up period of less than 90 d.RESULTS Using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, cutoff values of AFP200 ng/mL and GGT 104 IU/L were identified and used in this study.Significantly longer overall survival (OS) and disease-free-survival (DFS) were found in patients who had lower values of either parameter, compared withhigher values. Even greater differences in survival were found when the 2parameters were combined. Two tumor size bands were identified, in searchingfor the limits of this approach with larger tumors, namely 6-10 cm and > 10 cm.Combination parameters in the 6-10 cm band reflected 5-year OS of 76.2% inpatients with low AFP plus low GGT vs 0% for all other groups. Patients withtumors greater than 10 cm, did not have low AFP plus low GGT. The mostconsistent clinical correlates for longer survival were degree of tumordifferentiation and absence of microscopic portal venous invasion.CONCLUSION Serum levels of AFP and GGT, both alone and combined, represent a simpleprognostic identifier in patients with large HCCs undergoing liver transplantation.
    • Zhi-Yong Jiang; Shinichi Kinami; Naohiko Nakamura; Takashi Miyata; Hideto Fujita; Hiroyuki Takamura; Nobuhiko Ueda; Takeo Kosaka
    • 摘要: BACKGROUND The reliability of preoperative nodal diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer by multi-detector spiral computed tomography(MDCT)is still unclear.AIM To examine the diagnostic ability of MDCT more precisely by using data on intranodal pathological metastatic patterns.METHODS A total of 108 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent MDCT and curative gastrectomy at Kanazawa Medical University Hospital were enrolled in this study.The nodal sizes measured on computed tomography(CT)images were compared with the pathology results.A receiver-operating characteristic curve was constructed,from which the critical value(CV)was calculated by using the data of the first 69 patients retrospectively.By using the CV,sensitivity and specificity were calculated with prospectively collected data from 39 consecutive patients.This enabled a more precise one-to-one correspondence of lymph nodes between CT and pathological examination by using the size data of lymph node mapping.The intranodal pathological metastatic patterns were classified into the following four types:Small nodular,peripheral,large nodular,and diffuse.RESULTS Although all the cases were clinically suspected as having metastasis,81 had lymph node metastasis and 27 had no metastasis.The number of dissected,detected on CT,and metastatic nodes were,4241,897,and 801,respectively.The CV obtained from the receiver-operating characteristic was 7.6 mm for the long axis.The sensitivity was 91.4%and the specificity was 47.3%in the prospective phase.The large nodular and diffuse metastases were easy to diagnose becausemetastatic nodes with a large axis often exhibit these forms.CONCLUSION The ability of MDCT to contribute to a nodal diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer was examined prospectively with precise size data from node mapping,using a CV of 7.6 mm for the long axis that was calculated from the retrospectively collected data.The sensitivity was as high as 91%,and would be improved when referring to the enhanced patterns.However,its specificity was as low as 47%,because most of metastatic nodes in gastric cancer being small in size.The small nodular or peripheral type metastatic nodes were often small and considered difficult to diagnose.
    • Jian-Hai Guo; Shao-Xing Liu; Song Gao; Fu-Xin Kou; Xin Zhang; Di Wu; Xiao-Ting Li; Hui Chen; Xiao-Dong Wang; Peng Liu; Peng-Jun Zhang; Hai-Feng Xu; Guang Cao; Lin-Zhong Zhu; Ren-Jie Yang; Xu Zhu
    • 摘要: BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)have shown promising local benefits for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).S-1,a composite preparation of a 5-fluorouracil prodrug,has proven to be a convenient oral chemotherapeutic agent with definite efficacy against advanced HCC.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE followed by HAIC with or without oral S-1 for treating advanced HCC.METHODS In this single-center,open-label,prospective,randomized controlled trial,117 participants with advanced HCC were randomized to receive TACE followed by oxaliplatin-based HAIC either with(TACE/HAIC+S-1,n=56)or without(TACE/HAIC,n=61)oral S-1 between December 2013 and September 2017.Two participants were excluded from final analysis for withdrawing consent.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)and secondary endpoints included overall survival(OS),objective response rate,disease control rate and safety.RESULTS In total,115 participants(100 males and 15 females;mean age,57.7 years±11.9)were analyzed.The median PFS and OS were 5.0 mo(0.4–58.6 mo)(95%confidence interval(CI):3.82 to 6.18)vs 4.4 mo(1.1–54.4 mo)(95%CI:2.54 to 6.26;P=0.585)and 8.4 mo(0.4–58.6 mo)(95%CI:6.88 to 9.92)vs 8.3 mo(1.4–54.4 m)(95%CI:5.71 to 10.96;P=0.985)in the TACE/HAIC+S-1 and TACE/HAIC groups,respectively.The objective response rate and disease control rate were 30.9%vs 18.4%and 72.7%vs 56.7%in the TACE/HAIC+S-1 and TACE/HAIC groups,respectively.Grade 3/4 adverse events had a similar frequency in both treatment groups.CONCLUSION No improvements in tumor response rates,PFS or OS were observed with the addition of S-1 to TACE/HAIC in advanced HCC.Both treatment regimens had a similar safety profile.
    • Brandon Bryant
    • 摘要: Dear readers,What do you think of when you hear the word "connected"? Maybe you think of things like technology;nature or relationships, just to name a few;There are many ways to be connected in our world. This month in Advanced well introduce topics that will help you stay connected.
    • Clóvia Marozzin Mistura; Ivo André Homrich Schneider; Yasmin Vieira
    • 摘要: The agate dyeing industry has been commonly seen as a high-pollution industry. Dyeing wastewater treatment is considered one of the most important categories for water-pollution control, because of its intense colour and the high concentration of organic contaminants. Most dyes used in the process present minimal biodegradability due to aromatic organic compounds in their structure. Using a photocatalytic reactor, experiments were carried out to study the decolorization of a water solution containing 8% ethylic alcohol and 200 mg L−1 of the dye Rhodamine B (RhB), the most difficult colorant to degrade among the used by the agate industry. The best conditions were further applied to treat the same agate water/ethyl alcohol solution containing a mixture of 200 mg L−1 of Rhodamine B (RhB), Crystal Violet (CV), Brilliant Green (BG), and Blood Red (BR). All the experiments were performed in a 2 L reactor equipped with ultraviolet (UV) lamps, at a wavelength of 365 nm, with powdered TiO2 or ZnO as the catalyst. The results indicated that the optimal decolorization conditions were attained with 2.5 g L−1 of the catalyst at pH 10 and an irradiation time of 80 min. The process resulted in complete degradation of CV, BG and 80% - 90% degradation of RhB and BR. The catalyst ZnO presented a performance somewhat better than TiO2. It is possible to conclude that the process of heterogeneous photocatalysis is effective for decolorization of water streams from the agate industry.
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