chaos

摘要： With the continuous deepening of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)research,ANN model structure and function are improving towards diversification and intelligence.However,the model is more evaluated from the pros and cons of the problem-solving results and the lack of evaluation from the biomimetic aspect of imitating neural networks is not inclusive enough.Hence,a new ANN models evaluation strategy is proposed from the perspective of bionics in response to this problem in the paper.Firstly,four classical neural network models are illustrated:Back Propagation(BP)network,Deep Belief Network(DBN),LeNet5 network,and olfactory bionic model(KIII model),and the neuron transmission mode and equation,network structure,and weight updating principle of the models are analyzed qualitatively.The analysis results show that the KIII model comes closer to the actual biological nervous system compared with other models,and the LeNet5 network simulates the nervous system in depth.Secondly,evaluation indexes of ANN are constructed from the perspective of bionics in this paper:small-world,synchronous,and chaotic characteristics.Finally,the network model is quantitatively analyzed by evaluation indexes from the perspective of bionics.The experimental results show that the DBN network,LeNet5 network,and BP network have synchronous characteristics.And the DBN network and LeNet5 network have certain chaotic characteristics,but there is still a certain distance between the three classical neural networks and actual biological neural networks.The KIII model has certain small-world characteristics in structure,and its network also exhibits synchronization characteristics and chaotic characteristics.Compared with the DBN network,LeNet5 network,and the BP network,the KIII model is closer to the real biological neural network.

摘要： The circumferential vibration of a gear pair is a parametric excitation caused by nonlinear tooth stiffness,which fluctuates with meshing.In addition,the vibration characteristics of the gear pair become complicated owing to the tooth profile error and backlash.It is considered that the circumferential vibration of the gear pair is affected by the torsional vibration of the shafts.It is important to understand quantitatively the vibration characteristics of the gear system considering the shafts.Therefore,the purpose of this research was to clarify the nonlinear vibration characteristics of a gear pair considering the influence of the shafts using theoretical methods.To achieve this objective,calculations were performed using equations of motion in which the circumferential vibration of the gear pair and the torsional vibration of the shafts were coupled.The nonlinear tooth stiffness was represented by a sine wave.The influence of tooth separation was considered by defining a nonlinear function using backlash and the tooth profile error.For the numerical calculations,both stable and unstable periodic solutions were obtained by using the shooting method.The effect of the shafts on the gear system vibration were clarified by comparing the results in the cases in which the shaft was not considered,one shaft was considered,and both shafts were considered.

摘要： Some games may have a Nash equilibrium if the parameters (e.g. probabilities for success) take certain values but no equilibrium for other values. So there is a transition from Nash equilibrium to no Nash equilibrium in parameter space. However, in real games in business and economics, the input parameters are not given. They are typically observed in several similar occasions of the past. Therefore they have a distribution and the average is used. Even if the averages are in an area of Nash equilibrium, some values may be outside making the entire result meaningless. As the averages are sometimes just guessed, the distribution cannot be known. The main focus of this article is to show this effect in an example, and to explain the surprising result by topological explanations. We give an example of two players having three strategies each (e.g. player and keeper in penalty shooting) where we demonstrate the effect explicitly. As the transition of Nash equilibrium to no equilibrium is sharp, there may be a special form of chaos which we suggest to call topological chaos.

摘要： 1.Entropy and its implications in human disease and aging Entropy,which is a thermodynamic property or an interpreta-tion of the second law of thermodynamics,was first defined in 1865 by the German physicist Rudolph Clausius[1].It eventually evolved into a general scientific concept that is of universal and paramount importance in three aspects.First,entropy is a measur-able physical property that is commonly associated with a state of chaos,disorderliness,randomness,or uncertainty of any systems[2].Second,entropy is a measure of the amount of energy that is unavailable to do work[2].Third,the universe or an isolated sys-tem always obeys“the principle of entropy increase”that irre-versible or spontaneous processes can occur only in the direction of entropy increase—that is,the direction of increasing chaos,dis-order,randomness,or uncertainty[2].

摘要： On November 30,2021,a notice from China NMPA implied that products containing SymWhite 377(a whitening cosmetic ingredient)must be registered as special cosmetics.Many products containing SymWhite 377,which used to be notified as general cosmetics rather than registered as special cosmetics,were removed from shelves later.This notice also made many industry practitioners worry that there will be further inspection on other whitening ingredients.In response to the chaos,China NMPA later issued a new article to explain.

摘要： Two-dimensional transient laminar natural convection in a square cavity containing a porous medium and inclined at an angle of 30°is investigated numerically.The vertical walls are differentially heated,and the horizontal walls are adiabatic.The effect of Rayleigh number on heat transfer and on the road to chaos is analyzed.The natural heat transfer and the Darcy Brinkman equations are solved by using a finite volume method and a Tri Diagonal Matrix Algorithm(TDMA).The results are obtained for a porosity equal to 0.45,a Darcy number and a Prandtl respectively equal to 10^(-3)and 0.71;they are analyzed in terms of streamlines,isotherms,phase portrait,attractors,and spectra amplitude as a function of the Rayleigh number.It is found that,as Rayleigh number increases,the natural convection changes from a steady state to a time-periodic state and finally to a chaotic condition.

摘要： In this paper,we present an image encryption scheme based on the multi-stage chaos-based image encryption algorithm.The method works on the principle of confusion and diffusion.The proposed scheme containing both confusion and diffusion modules are highly secure and effective as compared to the existing schemes.Initially,an image(red,green,and blue components)is partitioned into blocks with an equal number of pixels.Each block is then processed with Tinkerbell Chaotic Map(TBCM)to get shuffled pixels and shuffled blocks.Composite Fractal Function(CFF)change the value of pixels of each color component(layer)to obtain a random sequence.Through the obtained random sequence,three layers of plain image are encrypted.Finally,with each encrypted layer,Brownian Particles(BP)are XORed that added an extra layer of security.The experimental tests including a number of statistical tests validated the security of the presented scheme.The results reported in the paper show that the proposed scheme has higher security and is lightweight as compared to state-of-the-art methods proposed in the literature.

摘要： Transmission line is a vital part of the power system that connects two major points,the generation,and the distribution.For an efficient design,stable control,and steady operation of the power system,adequate knowledge of the transmission line parameters resistance,inductance,capacitance,and conductance is of great importance.These parameters are essential for transmission network expansion planning in which a new parallel line is needed to be installed due to increased load demand or the overhead line is replaced with an underground cable.This paper presents a method to optimally estimate the parameters using the input-output quantities i.e.,voltages,currents,and power factor of the transmission line.The equivalentπ-network model is used and the terminal data i.e.,sending-end and receiving-end quantities are assumed as available measured data.The parameter estimation problem is converted to an optimization problem by formulating an error-minimizing objective function.An improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)in terms of time-varying control parameters and chaos-based initialization is used to optimally estimate the line parameters.Two cases are considered for parameter estimation,the first case is when the line conductance is neglected and in the second case,the conductance is considered into account.The results obtained by the improved algorithm are compared with the standard version of the algorithm,firefly algorithm and artificial bee colony algorithm for 30 number of trials.It is concluded that the improved algorithm is tremendously sufficient in estimating the line parameters in both cases validated by low error values and statistical analysis,comparatively.

摘要： Wang Shuhe(c.210‒285),also known as Wang Xi or Wang Gaoping,was from Gaoping,present Shanxi Province,or Zoucheng City,Shandong Province.He was one of the celebrated medical scientists of the Wei and Jin dynasties(220e420)and he once served as the minister of imperial physicians.He is the author of The Pulse Classic(Mai Jing),the extant first monograph on pulse in China.Wang was born into a family of nobility.With placid temper he was eager to learn since childhood.As a young boy he had extensive knowledge and studied the various schools of thoughts and their exponents.Then to avoid chaos of war his family moved to Jingzhou City,Hubei Province,where he met Wei Xun,a disciple of Zhang Zhongjing(150e219).

摘要： In this paper, we present a new robust hybrid algorithm combining successively chaotic encryption and blind watermarking of images based on the quaternionic wavelet transform (QWT) to ensure the secure transfer of digital data. The calculations of the different evaluation parameters have been performed in order to determine the robustness of our algorithm to certain attacks. The application of this hybrid algorithm on CFA (Color Filter Array) images, allowed us to guarantee the integrity of the digital data and to propose an autonomous transmission system. The results obtained after simulation of this successive hybrid algorithm of chaotic encryption and then blind watermarking are appreciated through the values of the evaluation parameters which are the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the correlation coefficient (CC), and by the visual observation of the extracted watermarks before and after attacks. The values of these parameters show that this successive hybrid algorithm is robust against some conventional attacks.

摘要： Nonlinear time series techniques were applied to rnanalyze up-peak and down-peak traffic flow data and rnenergy rnconsumption data in elevator system. Phase space was rnreconstructed using the delay embedding theorem, rnwhich described the rnbehaviour evolution of a nonlinear system. Embedding rnparameters including delay time and embedding rndimension were estimated rnusing the mutual information of the data and the rnfalse nearest neighbour algorithm, respectively. Due rnto the attractor of the elevator rntraffic flow data and energy consumption data from rnreconstruction was not a necessarily sufficient rnindication of chaos, the correlation rndimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent aiming at rnthe above data were calculated. Based on these rnanalysis and calculation, the rnresults indicate that low dimensional chaotic rncharacteristics obviously exist in the up-peak and rndown-peak traffic flow data and rnenergy consumption data. The result helps to adjust rnthe group control scheduling methods according to the rnchaotic behaviour of the rnpeak flow and the building energy consuming to rnincrease the performance index of the system.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于SDN的Chaos移动目标防御方法及系统，利用Chaos塔算法、混淆防御方法以及随机IP防御方法，实现了网络系统对请求者的混淆和动态变化的功能。系统由此设计Chaos塔结构对网络的主机按照重要程度进行分级。混淆防御针对非法访问进行等级混淆，根据混淆指数进行返回信息的混淆，使得攻击者收到虚假的信息；当混淆指数过高时，直接阻断通信。针对合法流量的网络访问进行随机IP防御，通过控制器周期性下发流表对内网环境中的合法通信进行IP随机变换。处在这样区域的网络设备，在保证正常信息交换效率的情况下，具有极高的匿名性，波动性，从而防御入侵者的探查，拓宽了攻击面，增加攻击成本。

摘要： 一种基于Chaos混沌寻优的丙烯聚合生产过程最优软测量仪表，包括丙烯聚合生产过程、现场智能仪表、控制站、存放数据的DCS数据库、基于Chaos混沌寻优的最优软测量模型以及熔融指数软测量值显示仪，现场智能仪表及控制站与丙烯聚合生产过程相连，与DCS数据库相连；最优软测量模型与DCS数据库及软测量值显示仪相连。所述的基于Chaos混沌寻优的最优软测量模型包括数据预处理模块、ICA独立成分分析模块、神经网络建模模块以及Chaos混沌寻优模块。以及提供了一种用软测量仪表实现的软测量方法。本发明实现在线测量、在线参数自动优化、计算速度快、模型自动更新、抗干扰能力强、精度高。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于SDN的Chaos移动目标防御方法及系统，利用Chaos塔算法、混淆防御方法以及随机IP防御方法，实现了网络系统对请求者的混淆和动态变化的功能。系统由此设计Chaos塔结构对网络的主机按照重要程度进行分级。混淆防御针对非法访问进行等级混淆，根据混淆指数进行返回信息的混淆，使得攻击者收到虚假的信息；当混淆指数过高时，直接阻断通信。针对合法流量的网络访问进行随机IP防御，通过控制器周期性下发流表对内网环境中的合法通信进行IP随机变换。处在这样区域的网络设备，在保证正常信息交换效率的情况下，具有极高的匿名性，波动性，从而防御入侵者的探查，拓宽了攻击面，增加攻击成本。

摘要： 一种基于Chaos混沌寻优的丙烯聚合生产过程最优软测量仪表，包括丙烯聚合生产过程、现场智能仪表、控制站、存放数据的DCS数据库、基于Chaos混沌寻优的最优软测量模型以及熔融指数软测量值显示仪，现场智能仪表及控制站与丙烯聚合生产过程相连，与DCS数据库相连；最优软测量模型与DCS数据库及软测量值显示仪相连。所述的基于Chaos混沌寻优的最优软测量模型包括数据预处理模块、ICA独立成分分析模块、神经网络建模模块以及Chaos混沌寻优模块。以及提供了一种用软测量仪表实现的软测量方法。本发明实现在线测量、在线参数自动优化、计算速度快、模型自动更新、抗干扰能力强、精度高。