摘要：
开展城市外来植物种类构成的研究,可以为城市植物多样性的保护和城市绿地的科学设计提供重要依据.为剖析厦门城市外来植物种类构成的主要特点,规避外来植物对城市环境带来的潜在威胁,采用大样本分层随机抽样调查法结合K-means聚类分析、方差分析、重要值、频数分布等方法进行系统分析.结果显示,(1)记录到厦门市城区外来植物67科174属223种,占各绿地类型植物种数的49.1％～55.2％;其中最常见的优势种类有乔木植物凤凰木(Delonix regia)、垂叶榕(Ficus benjamina),灌木植物黄金榕(Ficus microcarpa‘Golden Leaves’)、矮黄假连翘(Duranta repens),草本植物沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)和小蓬草(Conyza canadensis).(2)国外外来植物主要来自美洲,占各绿地类型国外外来植物种数的58.4％～70.8％、频数的71.9％～89.0％;其次是来自非洲或亚洲的植物.(3)频数分布图显示,优势种的优势性明显,高频植物种仅占少数.(4)调查到入侵植物7科13属13种,其中小蓬草是出现频数最高的入侵种类,已成为草本植物中的优势种类.文章揭示了外来种在厦门市城市植物中的重要地位和特点,分析了外来植物种类结构的特征,并指出要加强对外来优势植物的进一步研究,相关结果可为厦门市城市绿地的可持续发展和管理监控提供建议和理论参考.%Under the background of rapid urbanization,alien plant species within cities have attracted wide attention all over the world.It is important to investigate the composition of alien plant species in urban areas for plant diversity protection and green space design to avoid the potential threat of alien plants to the urban environment.In this paper,we aimed to investigate the species composition features of urban alien plant species in Xiamen and.Stratified Random Survey was conducted and K-means classification,ANOVA analyses,Importance Value and Species-Frequency Distribution analyses were combined for systematic analyses.Our study found:(1) There were 67 families,174 genera,and 223 alien plant species recorded in the urban area of Xiamen,accounting for 49.1％～55.2％ of plant species in each type of green space;The most dominant arbor species are Delonix regia,Ficus benjamina,shrub species are Ficus microcarpa'Golden Leaves',Duranta repens,and herbaceous species are Zoysia matrella,Alternanthera philoxeroides and Conyza canadensis.(2) America was the main contribution country,accounting for 58.4％～70.8％ of alian plant species of each type of green space;Followed by alien plants from Africa or other areas of Asia.(3) According to the species frequency contribution,dominance of dominant species were obvious,but only a few species were recorded frequently;And (4) 7 families,13genera and 13 invasive species were recorded,including Conyza canadensis,which had become a dominant species among all herbs.This paper presented the importance and characteristics of alien species among urban vegetation in Xiamen,and revealed the potential threat of some invasive species.Results from this paper may provide theoretical and practical suggestions for the sustainable development,management and monitoring of urban green space in Xiamen.
