摘要：
目的 探讨吻合旋髂深血管髂骨瓣移植联合外固定架治疗长骨感染性骨缺损的技术方法和临床效果. 方法 2008年7月至2014年6月,采用吻合旋髂深血管髂骨瓣移植联合外固定架治疗28例创伤后感染性长骨缺损患者.骨缺损的长度为3～7cm,平均5.1 cm,其中胫骨缺损13例,股骨缺损7例,肱骨缺损4例,尺、桡骨缺损各2例;17例同时合并软组织缺损.彻底清创后外固定架跨骨缺损端固定,应用VSD负压灌洗引流,待肉芽组织生长新鲜后,再行旋髂深血管髂骨瓣移植.切取全厚髂骨瓣大小5.0 cm×3.0 cm～8.0 cm×3.5 cm.对于17例合并软组织缺损的感染性骨缺损,应用髂骨瓣联合游离皮瓣修复6例,髂骨瓣联合局部转移皮瓣修复3例,同时携带旋髂深及旋髂浅双血管蒂的髂骨皮瓣修复4例,采用旋髂深血管嵌合穿支皮瓣修复3例,随意髂骨皮瓣修复1例.参照Enneking系统对患肢功能进行等级记分评价. 结果 移植的旋髂深血管髂骨瓣全部成活,术后感染控制良好,但有2例髂骨皮瓣的皮瓣部分坏死,经过换药和再次手术后治愈.28例中失访2例,26例获8～50个月(平均18个月)随访.髂骨瓣移植后的愈合时间平均6.5个月,出现胫骨再骨折1例,未出现骨不愈合的病例.按照Enneking系统评分,肢体功能恢复率平均为89.7％,肢体外形恢复满意.所有患者髂骨供区均未出现明显并发症. 结论 吻合旋髂深血管的髂骨瓣移植联合外固定架是治疗四肢创伤后感染性骨缺损的一种有效的技术方法,不仅可固定和桥接骨缺损,促进骨愈合,而且可填充死腔,改善局部血运,增强局部抗感染能力,适合于感染基本控制且长度小于10 cm的长骨感染性骨缺损.%Objective To discuss the technique and clinical effect of infective long bone defect treated by external fixator combination of iliac bone graft with deep iliac circumflex vessels.Methods All 28 patients with posttraumatic infective long bone defect were treated by external fixator and iliac bone graft with deep iliac circumflex vessels from July, 2008 to June, 2014.The length of the bone defect was from 3 to 7 cm (averaged 5.1 cm), including tibia defect in 13 patients, femoral defect in 7, humeral defect in 4, and ulna and radius defect respectively in 2, and 17 patients also with soft tissue defect.After thorough debridement, the bone defect was fixed by the external fixator, and then VSD was applied for irrigation drainage.As fresh granulation tissue growth, iliac bone vascularized by deep iliac circumflex vessels, size from size 5.0 cm× 3.0 cm to 8.0 cm× 3.5 cm, was transplanted.As for composite defect of infective bone and soft tissue in 17 patients, 6 cases of them was repaired with the iliac flap combined free flap, three with the iliac flap combined local skin flap, 4 cases with the iliac flap doubled with both the deep and the shallow iliac circumflex vessels, 3 cases with the circumflex iliac artery chimeric perforators flap and 1 with random iliac osteocutaneous flap.Affected limb function was graded with Enneking's system.Results All transplanted vascularized iliac bone survived, postoperative infection controlled well, but there were 2 patients of iliac flap partial necrosis.After dressing exchange and reoperation, the wound all repaired again.Twenty-six patients followed from 8 to 50 months, with an average of 18 months while 2 patients lost postoperative.The osseous healing time of the iliac bone graft was an average of 6.5 months, 25 patients healed well but 1 case encouraged tibia fracture again.Appearance of the limb also recovered satisfactorily.Twenty-six patients had the average limb function restored in 89.7％.There was no obvious complication in the donor.Conclusion It is an effective technical method to treat infective long bone defect by external fixator combination of iliac bone graft with deep iliac circumflex vessels, which can not only fix and bridge bone defects and enhance bone healing, but also obliterate dead space and resist local infection by ensuring blood supply.But the method is suitable for the receipt site infection under control and the length of the long bone defect less than 10 cm.
