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放射事故

放射事故的相关文献在1989年到2021年内共计176篇,主要集中在预防医学、卫生学、原子能技术、特种医学 等领域,其中期刊论文161篇、会议论文15篇、专利文献29687篇;相关期刊64种,包括职业卫生与病伤、中华放射医学与防护杂志、中国卫生标准管理等; 相关会议12种,包括首届中国卫生应急学术论坛、《中国辐射卫生》第五届编辑委员会暨学术研讨会、2010中国核电产业科技创新与发展论坛等;放射事故的相关文献由382位作者贡献,包括刘玉龙、刘英、张良安等。

放射事故—发文量

期刊论文>

论文:161 占比:0.54%

会议论文>

论文:15 占比:0.05%

专利文献>

论文:29687 占比:99.41%

总计:29863篇

放射事故—发文趋势图

放射事故

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  • 刘玉龙
  • 刘英
  • 张良安
  • 王优优
  • 白玉书
  • 黄绮龙
  • 邹文良
  • 雷翠萍
  • 刘长安
  • 卞华慧
  • 期刊论文
  • 会议论文
  • 专利文献

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    • 余道江; 涂文玲; 江志强; 王敏; 史育红; 刘玉龙; 王优优; 张舒羽
    • 摘要: 目的 采用全基因组测序对南京“5.7”1892Ir源事故患者外周血及组织进行照后第2 047天(5年7个月零7天)基因变异分析,探讨其电离辐射引起的体细胞变异情况,为明确电离辐射引起的远后效应提供理论依据.方法 收集南京“5.7”192 Ir源事故患者王某照后第2 047天的背部正常皮肤组织、受照射范围内的骨及软组织、外周血3种样本,分别提取DNA后采用全基因组测序技术对样本进行高通量测序,并通过生物信息学对原始测序数据进行分析.以背部正常皮肤组织为对照,开展受照射范围内的骨及软组织、外周血的基因变异检测分析.结果 与背部正常皮肤组织相比,受照射范围内的骨及软组织和外周血的基因组出现了多种基因变异,包括碱基置换(碱基转换、碱基颠换)、小片段插入、小片段缺失、拷贝数变异(拷贝数增加、拷贝数减少)以及结构变异(大片段缺失、大片段重复、倒位、染色体内易位以及染色体间易位),受照射范围内的骨及软组织出现10 666个基因变异,外周血出现11 233个基因变异,变异DNA涉及上万个基因.这些基因变异存在于外显子、内含子、3'UTR(3'untranslated region,3'端非编码区)、5'UTR(5'untranslated region,5'端非编码区)、剪切位点附近、转录起始位点上游5 kb区域以内、转录终止位点下游5 kb区域以内、非编码RNA以及基因间隔区域,且所有染色体都存在基因变异.结论 南京“5.7”192 Ir源放射事故患者照后第2 047天受照射范围内的骨及软组织和外周血中存在大量的基因变异,可能影响机体的功能及电离辐射诱发的远后效应.
    • 何玲; 周琼芳; 高艺莹; 王捷; 刘强
    • 摘要: Objective This study aimed to observe the late effects of ionizing radiation by medical follow-up(after 17 years) of the three patients('Ming','Jun','Lei') moderate bone marrow form of acute radiation sickness who accidentally were exposed to 60Co.Methods Changes in hematology,immunology,neurology,reproduction,lens,and cytogenetics were measured according to the medical follow-up plan.Results All the three patients had chief complaints of being prone to cold,neurosis,and sexual dysfunction.They also had chronic conjunctivitis,decreased vision,as well as punctate and patchy opacity of ocular lens.The blood routine,liver function,renal function,and sex hormone were normal.The cellular immunity indexes CD3,CD4,CD8,and CD4/CD8 were decreased.The rate of chromosomal aberration(dicentric and fragment) and micronuclear decreased over time.'Ming'and 'Jun'showed increased creatine kinase isoenzymes and myocardial ischemia,according to the electrocardiogram.'Ming'had thyroid carcinoma 12 years after irradiation,and'Lei'had thyroid nodules 14 years after the accident.Conclusion The medical follow-up study collected data for longterm effects of acute radiation sickness patients and provided information for their late medical intervention.%目的 对3例Co源事故照射所致的中度骨髓型急性放射病患者进行17年的医学随访,观察其辐射远期效应.方法 按照医学随访计划观察3例患者(分别称为“明”、“军”、“磊”)血液系统、免疫系统、神经系统、生殖系统、眼晶状体和细胞遗传学等随访项目的变化.结果 3例患者均有易感冒、性功能障碍和神经衰弱症状主诉.双眼慢性结膜炎,视力下降,眼晶状体点片状浑浊.血常规、肝肾功能和性激素正常.细胞免疫指标CD3、CD4、CD8和CD4/CD8下降.染色体畸变率(双着丝粒体和断片)和微核率随着时间的推移逐年降低.“明”和“军”有肌酸激酶同工酶增高和缺血性心电图改变.“明”受照后第12年患甲状腺癌,“磊”受照后第14年患甲状腺结节.结论 本次随访为急性放射病患者的远期效应规律积累了材料,为患者的后期医疗干预提供了客观依据.
    • 刘松涛; 刘玉龙; 王优优; 卞华慧; 陈炜博; 刘华江; 侯雨含; 崔冉; 王睿昊
    • 摘要: 目的 通过对2014年南京“5.7”1922Ir源放射事故患者受照后2年的医学观察,探讨放射损伤的远后效应及肢体局部放射损伤的康复治疗效果,为核与辐射事故医学应急提供临床资料.方法 仔细询问受照患者的病史,进行详细的体格检查,观察和记录临床症状和体征,系统评价其血液系统、免疫系统、生殖系统、眼、神经-精神系统等改变,观察并评价患者右下肢功能障碍的康复治疗疗效.结果 造血、免疫系统基本恢复,但骨髓穿刺仍提示右侧髂骨骨髓增生低下.性激素水平在正常范围内,但精液检查显示精子活率为0.眼晶状体、视网膜及眼底均出现放射性损伤.心理测评显示,患者心理状态较稳定.右下肢皮肤伤口愈合良好,但仍有功能障碍及疼痛感,通过康复治疗后功能障碍较前好转,药物结合物理疗法镇痛效果良好.结论 临床治疗尽早干预可使轻度骨髓型急性放射病患者的生理功能完全或部分恢复.%Objective To investigate the late effects induced by ionizing radiation and the rehabilitation treatment of local radiation injury by medical follow-up of the patient exposed to192 Ir at "5.7" accident in Nanjing,and to provide more experience for the treatments in the medical emergency of nuclear or radiological accident.Methods According to the history inquiry and physical examination of the patient in detail and the record of clinical symptoms and signs,the changes of the blood system,immune system,reproductive system,eyes,nervous system were systematically evaluated.The effects of rehabilitation treatment for the patient with lower limb dysfunction were also assessed.Results After the medical treatments of the patient,the hematopoietic immune system was restored,but the bone marrow aspiration still showed low bone marrow hyperplasia in right ilium.Meanwhile,the level of sex hormones was within the normal range,but semen examination showed sperm motility was 0.The radiation damage also occurred in the eye lens,retina and fundus.Howevcr,the psychological evaluation showed that the patient was stable and the right lower limb skin wound healing was well except for dysfunction and pain in some extent,which was relieved after the rehabilitation treatment.Conclusions The physiological function of the exposed victim with mild bone marrow type acute radiation sickness could be completely or partially restored after the clinical treatment in the early stage.
    • 孙亮; 刘玉龙; 郭凯琳; 王优优; 李向阳; 文钧淼
    • 摘要: Objective To make a rapid dose estimation for a patient exposed locally to high dose radiation exposure in early stage of "5.7" 192Ir source accident in Nanjing.Methods Based on source parameters,exposure pattern,and time duration,the doses were estimated using MCNP simulations with the aid of the proper East Asia adult male voxel phantom and main physiological parameters of the exposed patient.Result Absorbed doses to 16 organs or tissues were estimated to be in the range 0.03 to 9.16 Gy.Also,the iso-dose curves for the skin of legs showed clearly the dose difference between right and left legs.Absorbed doses to patient's testicles and prostrate,about 9.16 Gy,were higher than those to other organs or tissues.The skin of both legs was exposed locally to high dose radiation exposure,for which the estimated doses were in agreement with the results obtained from infrared thermal imaging.Conclusions Monte Carlo simulation technique and common software can be used for dose estimation in early stage of radiation accidents effectively with integrating proper models.%目的 对南京“5.7”192Ir源放射事故中,1例局部受大剂量外照射的患者的受照剂量进行快速估算.方法 在获知放射源参数、照射方式和照射时间的基础上,基于东亚人体素体模和受照者主要生理特征,利用蒙特卡罗模拟软件包MCNP建立模型并估算.结果 估算了受照患者16个器官的吸收剂量,数值范围为0.03 ~9.16 Gy.腿部皮肤的等剂量曲线清晰显示了左、右腿部皮肤的剂量差异.受照者睾丸、前列腺受照剂量较大,吸收剂量数值约9.16 Gy.大腿皮肤受到局部大剂量照射,双腿皮肤剂量估算结果与红外热成像仪探测结果基本一致.结论 结合恰当受照模型的蒙特卡罗技术和模拟软件包可有效用于放射事故患者的早期物理剂量估算.
    • 摘要: 对于辐射事故、职业性辐射损伤以及医源性外照射引起的急、慢性放射性皮肤损伤的医学处理,依据相关法律法规,我国制定了一系列标准,如《放射性皮肤疾病诊断标准》(GBZ 106-2002)、《放射性皮肤癌诊断标准》(GBZ 219-2009)、《外照射急性放射病诊断标准》(GBZ 104-2002)、
    • 丁艳秋; 李明生; 刘运宏; 翟贺争; 程金生
    • 摘要: 目的:探讨中国人辐照仿真人体模型适用于60Co源辐照场所放射事故受照人员的剂量估算的可行性,为放射事故现场医学救治提供剂量监测方法。方法:在60Co源辐射场下,将热释光剂量计(TLD)布放在仿真人体模型重要器官(心脏、肾脏和肝脏等)内,模拟辐照场所人员受照情况,得出事故受照人员器官的剂量,并与蒙特卡罗模拟估算的器官剂量进行比较。结果:TLD方法测量得到的器官剂量值与蒙特卡罗程序模拟估算的器官剂量值基本一致,相对偏差在±31.3%以内。结论:在中国人辐照仿真人体模型重要器官内布放热释光剂量计可以作为估算辐照场所受照人员剂量的有效方法。%Objective: To discuss the feasibility of dose estimation in china radiation anthropomorphic phantom as irradiated persons in 60Co radiation source accident for medical handling when radiation accident happened. Methods: TLD dosimeters in anthropomorphic phantom were used to measure the dose to important organs, comparing the dose to organs measured by TLD with the dose to organs computed by Monte Carlo method. Results:The doses to organs measured by TLD were coincident with the dose to organs computed by Monte Carlo method;the relative deviation was ±31.3%. Conclusion:It was an effective method to estimate the dose to irradiated persons in radiation source accident measured by TLD dosimeter which were placed in china radiation anthropomorphic phantom.
    • 张良安
    • 摘要: (接上期)(3)有定向当量剂量信息:(1)通用计算方法。当有与器官剂量计算相应的X、γ辐射场的定向剂量当量率的信息,应用公式10估算空气比释动能率(k),再用公式2估算器官剂量。k=H(0.07)/CKH,(10)式中:H(0.07)—X、γ辐射场的定向剂量当量率,Sv/h;CKH,—空气比释动能到定向剂量当量的转换系数,Gy/Sv,其值见表6。(2)核事故早期烟羽情况。这时应先估算定向
    • 杨小强; 汪丽; 卞华慧; 陈炜博; 王优优; 刘玉龙
    • 摘要: The medical history was collected from 11 cases in 3 accidents using ”face to face” mode .These cases were examined using blood cell analysis ,liver and renal function ,immune function ,endocrine function et al .The biological dose was estimated using the analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosome aberra-tion ,Gbanding and the micronucleus (CB ) .The psychological status of cases ,before and after the treatment of radiation workers ,was evaluated by application of Cattell sixteen personality factor Test (16PF) ,self rating depression scale (SDS ) and self rating anxiety scale (SAS ) .The results showed that the worker exposed to 192 Ir was diagnosed with acute radiological skin injury degree II by GSH and has been largely improving after the local conservative treatment .The 4 cases of chronic radiation injuries were diagnosed as the object of ob-servation ,without biological dose estimated .There was a big psychological influence over the overexposed . The research also indicated that most of the accidents were caused by human error and the victims will repre-sent appear aseries of psychological changes after the accident .%介绍了三起放射事故的梗概,以及事故中11例过量受照人员的病史采集、实验室检查、生物剂量估算、医学处理及心理测评,探讨了急、慢性过量受照人员的生物和心理学效应。结果表明,192 Ir急性外照射者A诊断为急性放射性皮肤损伤Ⅱ度,经局部保守治疗后好转;4例X线慢性外照射受照者诊断为观察对象;生物剂量未估出;过量受照及医学处理经过对受照人员心理状况有较大影响。结果提示,受照者大多会出现一系列的心理变化,通过进行科学的心理测评和指导,有利于受照者的心理康复。
    • 刘海江; 侯卫师
    • 摘要: 文章主要介绍了工业探伤时常见放射性事故处理措施及发生放射事故后探伤及相关人员处理事故的步骤,应急处理流程、措施等。
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