摘要:
自杂交瘤技术成功体外制备单克隆抗体以来,抗体的生物合成一直是热点问题,其中全人源抗体因其免疫原性小等特点受到更多关注.目前最常用的抗体库技术主要有噬菌体展示技术、酵母细胞表面展示技术、核糖体展示技术和细胞内组合抗体展示技术等.噬菌体展示技术利用噬菌体的生理特征,将人源蛋白表达在噬菌体表面,从而实现筛选.在药用单克隆抗体上,噬菌体展示技术是最成熟且高效的.与噬菌体展示技术相比,酵母细胞展示技术最突出的优点是可以对蛋白进行翻译后修饰,大大拓宽了可表达的蛋白的范围.核糖体展示技术的主要特点是,mRNA的转录和翻译均在细胞外进行,减小了筛选的难度.细胞内组合抗体展示技术是在噬菌体展示技术的基础上,通过慢病毒转染,富集细胞的表型与生物活性信号,从而获得特定生物功能的抗体.以上数据库技术尽管已经十分成熟,但在扩大应用规模上仍有弊端,包括运输和储存.建立数字化抗体库,即将已知的抗体及抗原相关数据建成电子库,不仅能方便信息保存,还能促进定向改造抗体的发展.%Since hybridoma was applied to prepare monoclonal antibodies in vitro,the biosynthesis of antibodies has always been the hot spot among biologists around the world.The preparation of fully humanized antibodies,due to its low immunogenicity,is the most popular and important part.Phage display,yeast display,ribosome display,and combinatorial antibody libraries are most commonly-used antibody library techniques.Phage display method utilizes the characteristics of phage life-cycle and displays humanized protein on the surface of phages,thus realizing screening.It's the most mature and efficient method to find therapeutic monoclonal antibody.Yeast display can not only express the protein,but do posttransla-tional modifications,greatly widening the range of the expression of protein.Conducting transcription and translation in cell-free system is the key feature of ribosome display.Combinatorial antibody libraries are based on the phage display tech-nique,while using lentivirus to transfect cells,in order to get antibodies with certain biological functions.These techniques, while being practical and mature,still have disadvantages in scaled application,such as transportation and storage.Construc-ting a digital antibody/antigen library can not only bring convenience to data storage,but also encourage the development of directional modification of antibody.