additive

摘要： High-quality perovskite films with larger grain size and fewer defects is a prerequisite for highperformance perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Antisolvent-assisted crystallization is an effective approach to obtain compact and uniform perovskite films;however,the majority of antisolvents currently applied have strong toxicity,and the control of perovskite crystallization is not easy through single antisolvent.In this work,a green antisolvent of ethyl acetate(EA)with acetylacetone(AA)additive is used to fine-tune perovskite crystallization and passivate defect,which produces uniform and compact CH;NH;PbI;perovskite films having larger grain and fewer grain boundaries and reduced defect density.Meanwhile,the interfacial hydrophobic characteristic of the perovskite films is enhanced.At the optimized concentration of AA in EA,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the CH;NH;PbI;PSCs was improved from 19.2%to 21.1%and their stability in air was also enhanced.These results present a green antisolvent additive engineering strategy to enhance the crystallinity,passivate defects,and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.

摘要： Whole-plant soybean ensiling has limitations and challenges that affect silage fermentation patterns and reduce ruminal nutrient degradation. Perhaps either the addition of molasses at ensiling or harvesting at different phenological stages has the potential to enhance whole-plant soybean silage (WSS) ruminal degradation. This experiment was a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating the effects of molasses (0 and 40 g/kg fresh forage) and phenological stage (R5: beginning seed, R6: full seed, and R7: beginning maturity) on ruminal in situ degradation. Molasses increased effective ruminal degradability (ERD) of dry matter (DM) regardless of the phenological stage and increased ERD of crude protein at R5 and R6. The addition of molasses at later phenological stages increased ERD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There was a molasses × phenological stage interaction effect with greater fractions A and B of NDF at R7 and R5, respectively, but lower undegraded NDF at R5 and R6 with molasses addition. Although the benefits of adding molasses were more pronounced in R5 and R6, adding molasses to whole-plant soybean at ensiling is recommended regardless of phenological stage. Increasing the proportion of digestible nutrients at harvesting either by harvesting at later phenological stages or the addition of molasses is a powerful strategy to manage ruminal degradation of DM and nutrients in WSS.

摘要： Peripheral nerve injury and nerve conduit manufacturing The global nerve injury repair and regeneration market is expected to reach$9.7 billion by 2025,a compound annual growth rate of 9.1%between 2020 and 2025[1].One component alone,peripheral nerve injury(PNI),encompasses 5 million new cases worldwide every year[2].Although nerve autograft is considered the gold standard for PNI repair,this process sufers because of a short supply of autologous nerves as well as potential harm caused to the donor.In recent decades,as a promising alternative to autografts。

摘要： Organic-inorganic hybrid lead-tin perovskite solar cells(Pb-Sn PSCs)have attracted much attention because of their advantages of low toxicity,variable bandgap,and feasibility for all-perovskite tandem solar cells,and the current power conversion efficiency(PCE)has exceeded 23%.However,due to the rambunctious crystallization process,easily oxidized Sn(Ⅱ)and inadequate energy level arrangement,there are many defects in perovskite films resulting in serious carrier recombination,which makes PCE still lag Pb-based PSCs.The quality of perovskite films is an important factor affecting the overall device performance.The selection and optimization of transport layers not only determines the interface energy level arrangement but also affects the carrier transport.In this paper,the research progress in improving performance of Pb-Sn PSCs in recent years is reviewed from aspects of perovskite layer and transport layers.The profound understanding of different promotion methods is summarized as well.These results have certain guiding significance for the future development and commercial application of Pb-Sn PSCs.

摘要： This is ASTM International's seventh annual flagship event related to standardization,qualification,and certification with an emphasis on industry specific requirements addressing the entire AM process chain.This will be an event involving many ASTM committees and external stakeholders,setting the stage to bring experts from all around the world to exchange the latest advancement in the field of additive manufacturing with emphasis on transition of research to application through standardization.

摘要： Lithium metal batteries(LMBs) have attracted tremendous research attention because of the high theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g^(-1)) and the lowest electrochemical potential(-3.04 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode).However,the Lithium dendrites,forming from plating/stripping processes,cause the excessive consumption of electrolyte and active Li and the puncture on the separator.This limits the commercialization of LMBs.Recently,Ma’s group proposed heptafluorobutyric anhydride(HFA) as qua-functional electrolyte additive and verified the protection mechanism from the structure and electrochemical properties.Such results creatively put forward qua-functional electrolyte additive for the improvement of LMBs and provides good experience for the exploration of multi-functional additive,inspiring researchers to explore new multi-functional electrolyte additives in future.

摘要： Recently the engine oil with its additive formulation independently developed by the SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing(RIPP)has successfully passed a whole series of engine tests for the ACEA C5 grade oil,incarnating that RIPP has known well the latest technique for formulating the engine oil in compliance with the ACEA C5 grade oil quality requirements,which is a genuine breakthrough in formulating the ACEA C5 grade engine oil with domestically-made independent additive package.

摘要： As a key technology in the advanced manufacturing field,additive manufacturing(AM)technology introduces a new design concept that is guided by function rather than by manufacturing,promoting the rapid development of the high-tech industry.However,as-fabricated parts have an unstable performance in quality due to rapid heating and rapid cooling induced by energy source.Therefore,quality control of the manufacturing process,which is mainly studied by numerical simulation,is one of the most active research topics in the AM field.In the view of increasing attention in AM technology,this special issue contributes to highlighting recent challenges and developments of AM-based design and simulation,with focuses on microstructure stability and evolution,multi-physics problems and process enhancements.

摘要： Additive manufacturing,is originally known as rapid prototyping manufacturing,and nowadays more commonly known as 3D printing.It is a manufacturing method based on the principle of"discrete/stacking",which transfers the traditional multidimensional"subtractive"manufacturing into the two-dimensional manufacturing by layer-by-layer additive stacking.

摘要： Magnesite-bonded wood wool panel(MWWP)is an inorganic-bonded panel product in which wood excelsior is bonded with magnesite.Lowering the hygroscopicity is one of the key measures to improve the quality of the panel.In this study,moisture absorption mechanism of MWWP and measures generally applied to lower its hygroscopicity were reviewed.Three methods were then experimented to improve the dimensional stability of the panel,including adjusting the molar ratio of raw materials,adding additives and optimizing the conditioning process.The results showed that satisfying dimensional stability could be achieved when the molar ratio of MgO to MgCl_(2) was 5:1,the No.2 composite additive(aluminum powder+NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)+ferric alum)was adopted and a constant temperature and humidity treatment was applied in the first stage of conditioning.