摘要：
[Objective] The purpose was to study the dedifferentiation characteristics of immature embryos from 12 kings of generalized wheat varieties in the middle of Guanzhong Irrigated District of Shaanxi Province, and select good optimum genotype for immature embryo culture. [ Method ] Twelve kinds of wheat varieties with good comprehensive agronomic characters were Xiaoyan 22, Xinong 9871, Xinong 979, Yan-mai 8911, Xinong 889, Xinong 2611, Shaanmai 159, Shaannong 138, Xinong 2000, Xinong 3517, Xiaoyan 216 and Xinong 538. Medium A was MS+ 2,4-D 2.0 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + cane sugar 30 g/L+ agar 4 g/L, and medium B was MS + 2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L + AgNO3 2.5 mg/L + cane sugar 30 g/L + agar 4 g/L. Cultivation temperature was 25-26°C, successive culture cycle was 28 - 35 days under dark. [ Result ] The results showed callus formation time, callus induction frequency, embryogenesis callus formation rates and germination frequency were obviously different among 12 kinds of wheat varieties, and they had the same change tendency between the two medium. The erabryogenesis callus formation rates could be promoted and the germination frequency could be reduced by adding AgNO3 into medium. In 12 kinds of wheat varieties, Xiaoyan 22, Shaannong 138 and Xiaoyan 216 displayed excellent tissue culture response due to more excellent somatic embryogenetic competence. [Conclusion] The study lays a basis for establishing high effective and stable wheat plantlet regeneration system.%[目的]对陕西关中中部灌区推广的12个小麦品种幼胚脱分化特性进行研究,以筛选出优良转化受体的基因型.[方法]供试小麦品种为综合农艺性状优良的小偃22、西农9871、西农979、阎麦8911、西农889、西农2611、陕麦159、陕农138、西农2000、西农3517、小偃216和西农538.培养基A:MS基本培养基+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂4g/L;培养基B:MS基本培养基+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+AgNO3 2.5 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂4 g/L.培养温度25～26°C,暗培养,28～35 d继代培养1次.[结果]不同小麦品种之间愈伤组织的形成时间、愈伤组织诱导率、胚芽率和胚性愈伤组织诱导率明显不同,且在2种培养基间的波动趋势具有一致性；培养基中附加的AgNO3可以减轻胚发芽的发生概率而促进胚性愈伤组织产生；12个品种中,小偃22、陕农138和小偃216表现出较好的脱分化综合性状,可用于小麦的基因转化研究.[结论]该研究可为建立高效稳定的小麦植株再生体系奠定基础.
