摘要：
论述了常温发黑的基本原理,介绍了一种钢铁件常温快速发黑的工艺,其流程主要包括:化学除油,强腐蚀,再次化学除油,弱腐蚀,常温发黑及后处理.发黑液配方为:五水合硫酸铜20 g/L,硝酸钾3 g/L,亚硒酸20 g/L,六水合硝酸镍5g/L,85％磷酸5 mL/L,一水合柠檬酸12.5 g/L,二水合钼酸钠15 g/L,氯酸钾1 g/L.探讨了温度、pH和处理时间对发黑质量的影响.指出了发黑液日常维护应注意的问题,并给出了常见故障(如膜层不连续、疏松、色淡、光泽差、有锈斑、发花等)的处理方法.%The principle of blackening at room temperature was described. A room-temperature blackening process for steel and iron workpiece was introduced. The process flow mainly consists of chemical degreasing, strong etching, secondary chemical degreasing, slight etching, blackening, and post-treatment. The blackening bath is composed of CuSO4-5H2O 20 g/L, KNO3 3 g/L, H2SeO3 20 g/L, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O 5 g/L, 85% H3PO4 5 mL/L, C6H8O7·H2O 12.5 g/L, Na2MoO4·2H2O 15 g/L, and KC1O3 1 g/L. The effects of temperature, pH, and treatment time on the quality of blackened coating were discussed. Some items needing attention during routine maintenance of the blackening bath were pointed out. The countermeasures for common faults, such as nonintegrated or loose coating, insufficient blackness, poor luster, rusty spot, and blurring, were given.
