virus

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention.These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission from animals to humans.Although numerous works have intensively discussed the cross-species and endemic barriers to the occurrence and spread of emerging infectious diseases,both types of barriers play synergistic roles in wildlife habitats.Thus far,there is still a lack of a complete understanding of viral diffusion,migration,and transmission in ecosystems from a macro perspective.In this review,we conceptualize the ecological barrier that represents the combined effects of cross-species and endemic barriers for either the natural or intermediate hosts of viruses.We comprehensively discuss the key influential factors affecting the ecological barrier against viral transmission from virus hosts in their natural habitats into human society,including transmission routes,contact probability,contact frequency,and viral characteristics.Considering the significant impacts of human activities and global industrialization on the strength of the ecological barrier,ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities is critically analyzed for potential mechanisms.Global climate change can trigger and expand the range of emerging infectious diseases,and human disturbances promote higher contact frequency and greater transmission possibility.In addition,globalization drives more transmission routes and produces new high-risk regions in city areas.This review aims to provide a new concept for and comprehensive evidence of the ecological barrier blocking the transmission and spread of emerging infectious diseases.It also offers new insights into potential strategies to protect the ecological barrier and reduce the wide-ranging risks of emerging infectious diseases to public health.

摘要： Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are recognized as an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization among children in developing countries. Objectives: To identify the respiratory viruses circulating in Central African children before the SARS-COV2 pandemic and to assess the clinical manifestations. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study, run from March 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Children aged 28 days to 15 year-old, with respiratory symptoms ≤10 days had been included. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and sent to the Institute Pasteur in Bangui (WHO National Referral Center for influenza). Virus research was done by cell and molecular culture techniques. Data were recorded and processed with Access 2019 software, then analyzed with STATA version 14 software. Chi-square test and ANOVA test were used to compare proportions at the p 0.05 threshold. Results: Out of 659 children included during the study period, viruses were identified in 231 children, for an overall positivity rate of 35.05% (231/659). Rhinoviruses (RV) and influenza viruses were found in 66.23% and 16.88% respectively. Virus-virus co-infections were found in 10 (10/231) children (4.32%). Children under 5 years of age were more represented (78.60%). The main reasons for consultation were: fever (96.20%), cough (95.45%), runny nose (78.5%), and breathing difficulty (30.50%). ILI (Influenza-Like Illness) was found in 71.02% versus 28.98% of SARI (Severe Acute Respiratory Infection). There was a statistically significant association between age 5 years and severity of acute respiratory infection (p = 0.001). The outcome was known for the 122 children at the CHUPB site with a mortality rate of 17.21% (n = 21). Conclusion: Viral ARI is common in children in Central African Republic. Care givers should think about it in order to reduce the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics.

摘要： BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is amid an ongoing pandemic.It has been shown that patients with cardiovascular comorbidities are at higher risk of severe illness of COVID-19.AIM To find out the relationship between cardiovascular comorbidities and severe illness of COVID-19.METHODS The clinical data of 140 COVID-19 patients treated from January 22,2020 to March 3,2020 at our hospital were retrospectively collected.The clinical characteristics were compared between patients with mild illness and those with severe illness.RESULTS There were 75 male patients and 65 female patients(53.6%vs 46.4%).The mean age was 45.4±14.6 years(range,2-85 years).Most of the patients had mild illness(n=114,81.4%)and 26 patients had severe illness(18.6%).The most common symptom was fever(n=110,78.6%),followed by cough(n=82,58.6%)and expectoration(n=51,36.4%).Eight patients were asymptomatic but were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA.Patients with severe illness were significantly more likely to be hypertensive than those with mild illness[(10/26,38.4%)vs(22/114,19.3%),P=0.036].The levels of lactate dehydrogenase were significantly higher in the severe illness group than in the mild illness group(299.35±68.82 vs 202.94±63.87,P<0.001).No patient died in either the severe illness or the mild illness group.CONCLUSION Hypertension and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase may be associated with severe illness of COVID-19.

摘要： The novel coronavirus is a group of viruses with genetic material inside and surrounded by a lipid layer and protein spikes. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the official name given by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 erupted from Wuhan, China, in 2019. By May 2020, COVID-19 was ubiquitous, infected millions of people on this planet, and became the worst outbreak of this disastrous pandemic. The pandemic’s impact such as a high mortality rate and economic imbalance. Random viruses constantly affect humans’ and animals’ health like severe acute respiratory syndrome. SARS COVID 2 followed. However, initially, coronavirus was identified in 2019. COVID-19 affected several sectors: transportation, health care, education, tourism, food sector, unemployment, trading, agriculture, sports, pharmaceutical industries, and global poverty.

摘要： Michel Serres’s and Posthumanism’s reciprocally isomorphic reflections may offer not mainstream suggestions of an overall human repositioning,now,in times of war,pandemic/post-pandemic,environmental crisis,political,economic,and cultural problems,more mandatory than ever.If in fact,as it seems,it is question of de-anthropocentering/de-anthropomorphizing the world,to allow common principles and interrelationships between entities to emerge from within,Serresian and Posthumanist variations on the theme of the parasite/virus and the recognition of the world would provide profitable ideas on this way.

摘要： The water sector needs to address viral-related public health issues,because water is a virus carrier,which not only spreads viruses(e.g.,via drinking water),but also provides information about the circu-lation of viruses in the community(e.g.,via sewage).It has been widely reported that waterborne viral pathogens are abundant,diverse,complex,and threatening the public health in both developed and developing countries.Meanwhile,there is great potential for viral monitoring that can indicate biosafety,treatment performance and community health.New developments in technology have been rising to meet the emerging challenges over the past decades.Under the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the world’s attention is directed to the urgent need to tackle the most challenging public health issues related to waterborne viruses.Based on critical analysis of the water viral knowledge progresses and gaps,this article offers a roadmap for managing COVID-19 and other viruses in the water environments for ensur-ing public health.

摘要： Profound inspection of the life forms on the earth teaches how to be the complexity of interrelationships among the various systems.Because of the emergence of novel viruses all the time and the inadequate of vaccines and antivirals,viral contagions are amongst the most causative diseases affecting people worldwide.Fungi exemplify a massive source of bioactive molecules as,many fungal secondary metabolities like Oxoglyantrypine,Carneic acid F,Scedapin C,Asteltoxin E,Phomanolide,Norquinadoline A and Quinadoline B have antiviral activity.This review deals with how secondary metabolites of fungi can help in the war against viruses in general and especially Coronaviruses moreover several pieces of literature pointed out that many clusters of fungi in different biotopes are waiting to be exploited.

摘要： As sessile organisms,plants encounter diverse invasions from pathogens including viruses.To survive and thrive,plants have evolved multilayered defense mechanisms to combat virus infection.RNAi,also known as RNA silencing,is an across-kingdom innate immunity and gene regulatory machinery.Molecular framework and crucial roles of RNAi in antiviral defense have been well-characterized.However,it is largely unknown that how RNAi is transcriptionally regulated to initiate,maintain and enhance cellular silencing under normal or stress conditions.Recently,insights into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNAi-related genes in different physiological processes have been emerging.In this review,we integrate these new findings to provide updated views on how plants modulate RNAi machinery at the(post-)transcriptional level to respond to virus infection.

摘要： Agricultural production is hampered by disease,pests,and environmental stresses.To minimize yield loss,it is important to develop crop cultivars with resistance or tolerance to their respective biotic and abiotic constraints.Transformation techniques are not optimized for many species and desirable cultivars may not be amenable to genetic transformation,necessitating inferior cultivar usage and time-consuming introgression through backcrossing to the preferred variety.Overcoming these limitations will greatly facilitate the development of disease,insect,and abiotic stress tolerant crops.One such avenue for rapid crop improvement is the development of viral systems to deliver CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technology to plants to generate targeted beneficial mutations.Viral delivery of genomic editing constructs can theoretically be applied to span the entire host range of the virus utilized,circumventing the challenges associated with traditional transformation and breeding techniques.Here we explore the types of viruses that have been optimized for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery,the phenotypic outcomes achieved in recent studies,and discuss the future potential of this rapidly advancing technology.

摘要： An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) occurred in December 2019 due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2),which is a strain of SARS-Co V.Patients infected with the virus present a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from mild flu-like symptoms,cough,fever and fatigue to severe lung injury,appearing as bilateral interstitial pneumonia or acute respiratory failure.Although SARS-Co V-2 infection predominantly offends the respiratory system,it has been associated with several cardiovascular complications as well.For example,patients with COVID-19 may either develop type 2 myocardial infarction due to myocardial oxygen demand and supply imbalance or acute coronary syndrome resulting from excessive inflammatory response to the primary infection.The incidence of COVID-19 related myocarditis is estimated to be accountable for an average of 7% of all COVID-19 related fatal cases,whereas heart failure(HF) may develop due to infiltration of the heart by inflammatory cells,destructive action of pro-inflammatory cytokines,micro-thrombosis and new onset or aggravated endothelial and respiratory failure.Lastly,SARSCo V-2 can engender arrhythmias through direct myocardial damage causing acute myocarditis or through HF decompensation or secondary,through respiratory failure or severe res-piratory distress syndrome.In this comprehensive review we summarize the COVID-19 related cardiovascular complications(acute coronary syndromes,myocarditis,HF,arrhythmias) and discuss the main underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

摘要： Computer has become part of our life and it plays an important role in our policy, economy,society and also people’s daily life. Computer security becomes a problem that everyone focuses. Computersecurity refers to the safety of computer resources. It is the problem that every user must face and solve toensure the computer not suffering harzards and threats. And it also ensures the hardware and software incomputer system operating stably and practically. The paper analyses the common issues concerning aboutsecurity of personal computer,and proposes appropriate solutions.

摘要： Computer has become part of our life and it plays an important role in our policy, economy,society and also people’s daily life. Computer security becomes a problem that everyone focuses. Computersecurity refers to the safety of computer resources. It is the problem that every user must face and solve toensure the computer not suffering harzards and threats. And it also ensures the hardware and software incomputer system operating stably and practically. The paper analyses the common issues concerning aboutsecurity of personal computer,and proposes appropriate solutions.

摘要： Computer has become part of our life and it plays an important role in our policy, economy,society and also people’s daily life. Computer security becomes a problem that everyone focuses. Computersecurity refers to the safety of computer resources. It is the problem that every user must face and solve toensure the computer not suffering harzards and threats. And it also ensures the hardware and software incomputer system operating stably and practically. The paper analyses the common issues concerning aboutsecurity of personal computer,and proposes appropriate solutions.

摘要： Computer has become part of our life and it plays an important role in our policy, economy,society and also people’s daily life. Computer security becomes a problem that everyone focuses. Computersecurity refers to the safety of computer resources. It is the problem that every user must face and solve toensure the computer not suffering harzards and threats. And it also ensures the hardware and software incomputer system operating stably and practically. The paper analyses the common issues concerning aboutsecurity of personal computer,and proposes appropriate solutions.

摘要： 本发明提供了一种利用基因工程生产一种病毒外壳蛋白，即萨斯病毒(SARS Virus)外壳S蛋白(Spike Membrane Protein，简称Spike Protein，S或E2)的新工艺。鉴定出刺激人体产生保护性抗体的主要抗原外壳S蛋白，依照外壳S蛋白的基因序列，构建原核表达载体，转化大肠杆菌，表达两种外壳S蛋白的多肽，分子量分别约为90000与22000。通过一系列层析方法，纯化获得了上述两种蛋白，并利用重组两种外壳S蛋白的多肽免疫家兔，获得特异性抗体。本发明为临床上预防、诊断和治疗萨斯病毒的感染提供了工具。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种检测J‑virus的特异引物对及其应用，可实现J‑virus的准确检测，操作简单，通量高，可同时进行批量样本检测，灵敏度高，特异性强的优点避免了误检漏检情况的发生，同时借助PCR和测序技术，也避免了传统病毒分离方法检测周期长，操作步骤繁琐，技术水平要求高和血清学方法检测灵敏度低，窗口期较长等状况。本发明旨在为J‑virus的检测提供技术储备以应对未来感染人类甚至暴发或流行的可能。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种快速免疫层析检测塞卡病毒Zika virus的检测条或检测盒，所述免疫检测条共分6个区：第一区为加样垫；第二区为固相化塞卡抗原标记物区或抗塞卡病毒抗原的特异抗体标记物；第三区为检测区T为包被抗体喷涂区，T区与第二区相匹配；第四区为对照区，固相化非特异抗体；第五区为吸水器；第六区为硝基纤维层析膜。本发明所述的检测条或检测盒，只需少量待测样品，不需借助任何设备，十分钟即可得到检测结果，简便快速，且可上药房购买，病人可自身检测。