TWINSPAN

摘要： 内陆河湿地原生植被群落多样性对土壤环境因子的响应分析,有助于深入理解河岸带原生植物群落的生态适应策略。采用双向指示种分析(two-way indicator species analysis, TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)方法对研究区27个样方的原生植物群落进行分析,研究河岸带植物群落多样性与土壤因子之间的关系。结果表明:研究区主要原生植物有8种生活型,群落类型可分为女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)+野蔷薇(Rosa multiflora)群落、杠柳(Periploca sepium)群落、艾蒿(Artemisia argyi)+狗娃花(Heteropappus hispidus)群落、旋覆花(Inula japonica)+败酱(Patrinia scabiosaefolia)群落、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)+小檗(Berberis thunbergii)群落和沙棘+红花岩黄耆(Hedysarum multijugum)群落6类。群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)整体呈下降趋势,Pielou均匀度指数(J)呈现增减交替的趋势,Simpson优势度指数(C)整体呈增加趋势,土壤粉粒含量与Simpson优势度指数(C)呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),表明土壤中粉粒含量是影响河流湿地原生植物群落分布和多样性的关键因子之一。内陆河流湿地土壤质地类型的差异性一定程度上决定河岸带湿地生态系统原生植物群落的种类组成和分布格局。

摘要： 为研究荔波水族地区植物群落灌草层分布格局与环境因子间的相互关系,选取26个样地进行植被调查分析并记录了相关的6个环境因子数据,采用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)数量分类、除趋势对应分析(DCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,分析植物分布与环境因子的关系。结果表明:物种累积曲线显示26个样地抽样充分;TWINSPAN方法将荔波水族地区植物群落灌草层划分为5种类型;样地的DCA排序图很好地反映TWINSPAN分类产生的5个主要群丛;CCA排序表明:影响荔波水族地区植物群落灌草层分布的主要环境因子是坡向和海拔。

摘要： 为了掌握齐长城遗址(莒县段)的草本植物配置及制备情况,本文以山东省莒县的齐长城遗址为研究对象,在保护遗址原始性的前提下,对齐长城莒县段遗址进行实地调研,记录该遗址处的草本植物名称、数量(面积)等基本数据,并运用TWINSPAN软件分析和对比调研场地内各草本植物群落的结构,为山东省齐长城遗址生态修复策略的植物配置和应用模式提供基础数据和理论支撑。研究结果显示,齐长城调查到的草本植物共计23科41属53种,其中大多数以马唐和葎草为主要优势种的草本植物群落。TWINSPAN分类结果将齐长城遗址(莒县段)的植物群落草本层分为5种群落类型。从5种草本植物群落结构来看,不同的草本植物群落之内没有绝对优势的草本植物,草本植物的不确定性较高,且分布不均匀。从生态恢复策略的层面来看,后期应该加强对其他不同草本植物群落的保护与管理。

摘要： 干旱区山地植物群落的空间分布格局和多样性特征对海拔梯度的响应分析,有助于探究山地植物的生态适应性策略.采用TWINSPAN和DCA排序等方法,研究了祁连山北坡植物群落分布格局和多样性特征.结果表明:祁连山北坡植物群落可以分为9个类群,随着海拔的升高,植被类型由荒漠-荒漠草原-典型草原逐渐转变为草甸草原,植物群落由斑块状分布的盐爪爪+珍珠群丛至灌木亚菊+珍珠群丛和合头草+珍珠群丛过渡为甘蒙锦鸡儿+芨芨草群丛、扁穗冰草+西北针茅群丛和西北针茅+赖草群丛,最后逐渐演化为呈镶嵌分布的鬼箭锦鸡儿+高山柳群丛和苔草+嵩草群丛;草地群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和物种丰富度指数(R)呈"双峰"变化趋势,Pielou均匀度指数(J)在中海拔有最大值,而Simpson优势度指数(C)在中海拔有最小值.祁连山植被类型由低海拔荒漠至高海拔草甸草原演化过程中伴随着植物群落分布格局和种类组成的改变,体现了山地环境对植物群落构建的过滤作用.

摘要： 根据环境认知差异对生态旅游者进行分类,可以探究不同类型的生态旅游者对景区管理模式的态度差异.以我国黄山、张家界、云台山以及庐山风景区为样本,对生态旅游者的态度分四组进行问卷调查,然后使用ANOVA方差分析法对不同类型的生态旅游者对景区管理模式的态度进行计量分析.研究表明,不同类型的生态旅游者对景区生态管理方式的态度确实存在明显差别:1组生态旅游者更注重旅游的生态体验,他们对当前景区管理方式在一定程度上持反对态度;2组和3组对当前景区管理方式的态度并不明显;4组为生态忧患型的生态旅游者,对于当前景区管理方式基本持肯定态度.

摘要： Environmental heterogeneity significantly affects the structure of ecological communities.Exploring vegetation distribution and its relationship with environmental factors is essential to understanding the abiotic mechanism(s)driving vegetation succession,especially in the ecologically fragile areas.In this study,based on the quantitative analysis of plant community and environmental factors in 68 plots at 10 different transects in the Minqin oasis-desert ecotone(ODE)of northwestern China,we investigated desert vegetation distribution and species-environment relationships using multivariate analysis.Two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN),detrended correspondence analysis(DCA),and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)methods were used.A total of 28 species,belonging to 27 genera in 8 families,were identified.Chenopodiaceae,Zygophyllaceae,Gramineae,and Leguminosae were the largest families.Annual and perennial herbs accounted for 28.60%of the total number of plants,while shrubs(42.90%)were the most dominant.Nitraria tangutorum was the constructive species of the desert plant community.We divided the 68 plots surveyed in this study into 7 community types,according to the results of TWINSPAN.The distribution of these 7 communities in the DCA ordination graph showed that species with a similar ecotype were clustered together.Results of CCA indicated that groundwater was the dominant factor influencing vegetation distribution,while distance between plot and oasis(Dis)and soil electrical conductivity(EC)were the local second-order factors.Our study suggests that optimizing the utilization of groundwater in oases is key to controlling the degradation of desert vegetation.The favorable topographic conditions of sand dunes should be fully utilized for vegetal dune stabilization,and the influence of soil salinity on the selection of afforestation tree species should be considered.

摘要： 该研究运用数量生态学方法,揭示戴云山自然保护区黄山松林森林群落类型、分布规律及其与环境的对应关系.结果表明:①TWINSPAN将该研究区86块样地分成34个群落类型,可归为常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林和灌丛4个植被类型,能够较好揭示该区群落的间断性和交互性;②戴云山保护区内海拔小于1500 m左右主要是形成以罗浮栲林(Form.Daphniphyllum calycinum)、青冈林(Form.Acer davidii)、甜槠+木荷(Form.Castanopsis eyrei+Schima superba)、黄山松+木荷(Form.Pinus taiwanensis+Schima superba)、黄山松+甜槠(Form.Pinus taiwanensis+Castanopsis eyrei)、马尾松林(Form.Pinus massoniana)、黄山松林(Form.Pinus taiwanensis)等11个群系的镶嵌格局,整个群落处于未成熟的发展阶段,多为共有种群落.同一海拔形成不同演替阶段的植物群落,演替具有多阶段性;③CCA排序结果较好地反映出群落分布格局与环境梯度的关系,环境因子海拔梯度、土壤含水量、土壤有机质和pH是影响该区森林群落分布,形成不同植被类型的主要因子.

摘要： The relationship of plants and the environment is a complex evolution process.We discuss species composition of forest communities,ecological characteristics of the population,and the relationship between different plant communities and the environment with quantitative ecology method to protect the stability of forest communities and biodiversity in the area.The forest communities in the Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve in Hebei province were investigated with a two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).All quadrats (n =148) were classified into 20 groups representing 20 plant communities.The results of the CCA ordination clearly reflected the pattern of community distribution,and it was obvious in the gradients of the first and second axis,which mainly represented altitude,slope position,litter layer thickness,soil electrical conductivity,soil temperature,soil moisture,soil thickness,and disturbance.All environmental factors influenced the forest community distribution pattern and the formation of different vegetation types.The CCA ordination of dominant species in tree layer revealed a high degree of similarity between environmental gradients and the distributions of community types.A two-dimensional t-value diagram clarified that altitude,litter layer thickness,soil temperature,and disturbance played an important role in dominant species in the tree layer of forest communities.In this study,we used TWINSPAN classification and CCA ordination to explain the relationships between forest communities and environmental factors.The purpose was to provide a theoretical basis for scientific management of the Xiaowutai Mountain area and to analyze the results that can be used as a reference for research and protection of forest ecosystems in similar areas.%植物与环境之间的关系是一个复杂的演变过程,运用数量生态学方法探讨森林群落的物种组成、种群的生态特征、不同植物群落与环境之间的关系,有助于保护该区森林群落的稳定性和生物多样性.根据148个森林群落样方数据,选用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,对河北小五台山国家级自然保护区森林群落进行分类和排序研究.结果表明:(1) TWINSPAN将该区的森林群落分为20个类型;(2) CCA排序结果较好地反映出群落分布格局与环境梯度的关系,各个森林群落类型在前两轴分异明显,在11个环境因子中,海拔、坡位、凋落层厚度、土壤导电率、土壤温度、土壤湿度、土壤厚度和干扰程度这8个环境因子对森林群落的分布起较大的作用,影响森林群落的分布格局,形成不同的植被类型.(3)乔木层优势种的CCA二维排序图所揭示的环境梯度与群落类型的分布有很大的相似性;t值双序图阐明了海拔、凋落层厚度、土壤温度、干扰程度等环境因子对森林群落乔木层优势种有着重要影响.采用TWINSPAN分类与CCA排序的方法,较好地解释了森林群落与环境因子的关系,为小五台山地区森林生态系统的科学管理和保护提供了理论依据,研究结果也为同类地区森林生态系统研究及保护提供参考和借鉴.

摘要： In order to figure out community succession variation of vegetation restoration in mining area, this article used TWINSPAN method for quantity division of natural plant community and species diversity of software SPDIVERS. BAS is used for analyzing the species diversity of mining interference in Bayinhua. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Pielou index, Alatalo evenness index, Margalef richness and Patrick richness were selected to analyze the change of species richness, evenness and diversity in the distance from the mining center. The results showed that with the decline of mining interference, the species richness increased significantly, the evenness significantly reduced and the comprehensive diversity increased significantly. Mining interference in the 110meters distance from mining center is mainlyAgriophyllum squarrosum etc, the 220 m distance is mainlyCleistogenes squarrosa, the 300~500 m distance is mainlyArtemisia frigida.In the distance of 600~1100 m, vegetation began to recover, is mainlyLeymus chinensis andAgropyron cristatum.%为探明矿区植被恢复过程中群落演替变化规律，采用二元指示种分析(TWINSPAN)方法将巴音华矿区的植物群落进行数量化，同时也运用SPDIVERS.BAS物种多样性分析软件分析巴音华采矿干扰下的物种多样性变化，采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Alatalo均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度和Patrick丰富度分析了物种综合多样性、均匀度和丰富度、离矿中心距离的变化。结果显示：随着采矿干扰影响的减弱，物种丰富度显著升高，均匀性显著降低，综合多样性显著升高。巴音华矿干扰比较大的110 m处，主要以沙蓬（Agriophyllum squarrosum）等杂草为主；220 m处以糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）为主；300~500 m处以冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）为主；离矿中心的660~1100 m处，植被开始恢复，主要以羊草（Aneurolepidium chinense）与冰草（Agropyron cristatum）为主。

摘要： 在野外调查的基础上,应用TWINSPAN,DCA和DCCA对山西华北落叶松群落进行分类和排序研究.结果表明,依据不同的指示种将40个样地分划为10个群丛:华北落叶松-三裂绣线菊-披针薹草群丛、华北落叶松-金银忍冬-披针薹草群丛、华北落叶松-土庄绣线菊+金银忍冬-披针薹草群丛、华北落叶松-小卫矛-糙苏群丛、华北落叶松-土庄绣线菊-林地早熟禾群丛、华北落叶松-刚毛忍冬-东方草莓+披针薹草群丛、华北落叶松-东北茶藨子-披针薹草群丛、华北落叶松-披针薹草群丛、华北落叶松-刚毛忍冬-北柴胡群丛和华北落叶松-银露梅-东方草莓群丛;DCA的排序结果显示,影响华北落叶松群落物种分布的主导因子是温度、海拔及水分条件;DCCA的排序结果显示,华北落叶松群落物种的分布与海拔呈正相关,与坡向呈负相关.