treatment

摘要： Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is a dominant cause of death and disability wo rldwide.A sharp increase in intracranial pressure after SAH leads to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and insufficient blood supply for neuro ns,which subsequently promotes a series of pathophysiological responses leading to neuronal death.Many previous experimental studies have reported that excitotoxicity,mitochondrial death pathways,the release of free radicals,protein misfolding,apoptosis,nec rosis,autophagy,and inflammation are involved solely or in combination in this disorder.Among them,irreversible neuronal apoptosis plays a key role in both short-and long-term prognoses after SAH.Neuronal apoptosis occurs through multiple pathways including extrinsic,mitochondrial,endoplasmic reticulum,p53 and oxidative stress.Meanwhile,a large number of blood contents enter the subarachnoid space after SAH,and the secondary metabolites,including oxygenated hemoglo bin and heme,further aggravate the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic and cytotoxic brain edema,causing early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia,and ultimately increasing neuronal apoptosis.Even there is no clear and effective therapeutic strategy for SAH thus far,but by understanding apoptosis,we might excavate new ideas and approaches,as targeting the upstream and downstream molecules of apoptosis-related pathways shows promise in the treatment of SAH.In this review,we summarize the existing evidence on molecules and related drugs or molecules involved in the apoptotic pathway after SAH,which provides a possible target or new strategy for the treatment of SAH.

摘要： Over the last decade,remarkable developments in nanotechnology have powered medical research,unveiling new approaches for the solution of public health issues such as the treatment of traumatic peripheral neuropathies.

摘要： In recent years,large animal models of naturally occurring diseases have become increasingly studied,with the rationale that their disease attributes may better recapitulate the pathological features of corresponding human diseases as compared to induced disease models(Hoffman and Dow,2016).Of the available naturally occurring disease models,the canine is increasingly recognized as a valuable pre-clinical animal model in translational medicine for numerous human diseases,including cancer.

摘要： Recently,in cooperation with the Netherlands Cancer Institute,we demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)activation limited the response of liver cancer to lenvatinib.The original article was published in Nature as a cover story,which resulted in considerable attention from major scientific journals.Here,we were invited by Cancer Biology&Medicine to provide comments on preclinical and clinical findings about the combination of lenvatinib plus EGFR inhibitors as a promising strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)treatment.Primary liver cancer represents the sixth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,with an estimated 906,000 new cases and 830,000 deaths in 20201.

摘要： In China,rare diseases are defined as having a birth incidence of less than 1/10000,or a prevalence of less than 1/10000 or less than 140000 patients.Over 7000 rare diseases affect more than 20 million people in China.Many conditions are misdiagnosed or undiagnosed and most have no treatment,resulting in a huge burden on patients,their families,and the national economy.At the 297th Shuangqing Forum of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,we highlighted the challenges and potential solutions to achieve precision medicine for undiagnosed and rare diseases.

摘要： BACKGROUND Type A insulin resistance syndrome(TAIRS)is a rare disorder characterized by severe insulin resistance due to defects in insulin receptor signaling.No specific drugs are available for the treatment of TAIRS.We report a case of TAIRS successfully treated with pioglitazone and flutamide for 5 years.CASE SUMMARY We present the rare case of a female patient aged 11 years and 9 mo with type A insulin resistance and an INSR heterozygous mutation(c.3614 C>T),who was treated with a combination of pioglitazone and flutamide.This treatment regimen reduced hemoglobin A1 c,fasting insulin and androgen levels.CONCLUSION Pioglitazone attenuated insulin resistance in this patient with TAIRS,and flutamide ameliorated masculinization.

摘要： BACKGROUND Catatonia is a complex psychomotor syndrome that often goes unrecognized and untreated,even though its classification has evolved in recent years.Prompt and correct identification of catatonia allows for highly effective treatment and prevention of possible complications.The underrecognition of catatonia in older patients is also frequent,and research in this population is scarce.AIM To conduct a systematic review of the literature on catatonia in older people to ascertain its clinical characteristics across settings.METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines,MEDLINE,EMBASE,and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to December 2021,with a strategy aimed at identifying all articles published on catatonia in older adults.Titles and abstracts were scanned and selected independently by two authors.Papers investigating issues related to catatonia and/or catatonic symptoms in older people,with English abstracts available,were included.References of selected articles were revised to identify other relevant studies.RESULTS In total,1355 articles were retrieved.After removing duplicates,879 remained.Of the 879 identified abstracts,669 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria.A total of 210 articles underwent full text review,and 51 were eliminated for various reasons.Fourteen more articles were selected from the references.Overall,173 articles were reviewed:108 case reports,35 case series,11 prospective cohort studies,6 case-control studies,3 retrospective cohort studies and 10 reviews.We found several particular aspects of catatonia in this population.Catatonia in older patients is highly prevalent and tends to have a multifactorial etiology.Older patients,compared to younger patients,have a higher risk of developing catatonia with benzodiazepine(BZD)withdrawal,in bipolar disorder,and in the general hospital.Age,together with other risk factors,was significantly associated with the incidence of deep venous thrombosis,neuroleptic malignant syndrome poor outcome,other complications and mortality.Treatment with BZDs and electroconvulsive therapy is safe and effective.Prompt treatment of its cause is essential to ensure a good prognosis.CONCLUSION Catatonia in older patients is highly prevalent and tends to have a multifactorial etiology.The risk of developing catatonia in some settings and conditions,as well as of developing complications,is high in this population.Symptomatic treatment is safe and effective,and timely etiologic treatment is fundamental.

摘要： Hydrostatic pressure is one of the main factors limiting the vertical range of marine organisms.However,little is known about the level of hydrostatic pressure that shallow-water fish can tolerate or how they respond to this potential stress.Here,we applied high-hydrostatic pressure treatment to wild-type AB line zebrafish(Danio rerio)and analyzed transcriptome data following treatment.

摘要： Development is a sophisticated process maintained by various signal transduction pathways,including the Hedgehog(Hh)pathway.Several important functions are executed by the Hh signaling cascade such as organogenesis,tissue regeneration,and tissue homeostasis,among various others.Considering the multiple functions carried out by this pathway,any mutation causing aberrant Hh signaling may lead to myriad developmental abnormalities besides cancers.In the present review article,we explored a wide range of diseases caused by aberrant Hh signaling,including developmental defects and cancers.Finally,we concluded this mini-review with various treatment strategies for Hh-induced diseases.

摘要： Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy among women globally.From being fourth in the list of most common cancers in India during the 1990s,it has now become the first.In this review,we examine the available literature to understand the factors that contributed to the high burden of breast cancer in the country.We also provide the landscape of changes in the field of early diagnosis and the treatment modalities as well as the limitations of the Indian healthcare delivery systems(e.g.,delayed diagnosis,human resources and funding for treatment).This review also sheds light on the newer interventions and the future of breast cancer management keeping in mind the coronavirus disease 2019 imposed limitations.

摘要： General public always misinterpret the concept of aethetic medicine and mix it with cosmetic beauty care.This article is aimed at defining and explaining concepts of aesthetic medicine and cosmetic beauty care by using the treatment of melasma as an example."Aesthetic Medicine"refem to medicine involved with the body beauty guided by professional medical knowledge from medical science，Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and Western Medicine(WM).The medical professionals focus on root-reasons of melasma and then design or invent formulas that are most suitable for patients.On the other hand，cosmetic beauty Care means measures that can minimize the degree of melasma，but the effect is always short term and not scientific-based.It is done by qualified beauticians or people that are equipped with beauty care knowledge but not medical professionals.The regulation of aesthetic medicine is much stricter than cosmetic beauty care.

摘要： Objective The investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of the frozen shoulder treated by hydraulic distention and manipulation under dynamic arthrography of shoulder joint, and analyze the influencing factors on the outcome. Methods One hundred patients with frozen shoulders were enrolled the prospective and controlled study, who were divided into two groups randomly. Fifty patients were treated by the hydraulic distention and manipulation under dynamic arthrography of shoulder joint (Group Ⅰ), and fifty patients were treated by NSAIDs administration (Group Ⅱ), The relationship of clinical results with the amounts of injected fluid during hydraulic distention and manipulation, the range of motion, the visualized rate of the vagina synovialis of long head of biceps brachii tendon and subacromial bursa, and releasing degree of joint adherence were observed. The patients consisting of 42 males and 58 females ageing from 42 to 74 years were assessed at two time-intervals.The short term follow-up period ranged from 3 to 6 months, and final follow-up from 10 to 21 months. Results The clinical results were significantly difference between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ depending on daily activity and range of motion (P< 0.05).The percentage of excellent and good results in hydraulic distention and manipulation under dynamic arthrography group were 86% and 90% respectively, while that of medication group were 48% and 34% respectively. The range of motion in Group Ⅰ showed significant advantages compared to group Ⅱ( compensated x 2 test, P <0.05 ). If the injected amount was less than 15ml in hydraulic distention and manipulation under dynamic arthrography group, the excellent and food rate was only 25%. Furthermore, there were 9 cases of non-visualized vagina synovialis of long head of biceps brachii tendon in the arthrography, a good result was in 2 cases, poor result in 7 cases. Conclusion The hydraulic distention and manipulation under dynamic arthregraphy of shoulder joints is less traumatic, easy to perform and really an effective procedure to diagnose and treat the frozen shoulder. The amount of fluid and the degree of the shoulder adhesion are essential factors to outcome.Most frozen shoulder patients are middle age female, the performance of frozen shoulder is abrupt shoulder joint ache and joint crispation[1], the pathogenesis of it was not definite, doctors usually treat it with medicine and physical therapies clinically, but it showed poor curative effect in long term follow up. We chose 100 frozen shoulder patients according to our criterion and divided them into two groups at random. Fifty patients were treated by the hydraulic distention and manipulation under dynamic arthrography (HDMDA), and the other fifty patients were treated by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), both groups adopted same recovery exercise after treatment. We evaluate the two methods by observing the function of shoulder joint and its activity through follow-up, and discuss the factor affecting HDMDA.