thermal

摘要： A practical experimental method is proposed to investigate thermal transport by characterizing the motion of plasma flows through a x-ray spectroscopic technique using tracers.By simultaneously measuring multiple parameters,namely,the mass-ablation rate,the temporal evolution of plasma flow velocities and trajectories and the temperature,it is possible to observe a variety of physical processes,such as shock wave compression,heating by thermal waves,and plasma thermal expansion,and to determine their relative importance in different phases during the irradiation of CH and Au targets.From a comparison with hydrodynamic simulations,we find significant differences in the motion of the plasma flows between CH and Au,which can be attributed to different sensitivities to the thermal transport process.There are also differences in the ablation and electron temperature histories of the two materials.These results confirm that velocities and trajectories of plasma motion can provide useful evidence in the investigation of thermal conduction,and the approach presented here deserves more attention in the context of inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics.

摘要： Nonlocal thermal transport in magnetized plasmas is studied theoretically and numerically with the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck(VFP)model,in which the magnetic field has nonzero components both perpendicular to and along the temperature gradient.Nonlocal heat transport is found in both the longitudinal and transverse directions,provided the temperature gradients are sufficiently large.The magnetic field tends to reduce the nonlocality of the thermal transport in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field,i.e.,the difference between the heat fluxes predicted by the Braginskii theory and the VFP simulation decreases with increasing magnetic field strength.When the initial temperature gradient is steep,the nonlocal heat flux depends not only on the present temperature profile,but also on its time history.Moreover,the contribution of high-order terms in the spherical harmonic expansion of the electron distribution function becomes important for a magnetized plasma,in particular for thermal transport in the direction perpendicular to the temperature gradient.

摘要： The thermal and flow performances in a single spiraltype ground heat exchanger in one-week operation were numerically simulated by considering the coupled thermal and moisture migration model for backfili and soil fields.

摘要： In offshore structures,hydrocarbon fires cause the structure to loose its rigidity rapidly and this leads to structural integrity and stability problems.The Passive Fire Protection(PFP)system slows the transfer rate of fire heat and helps to prevent the collapse of structures and human losses.The vital design factors are decided in the detailed design stage.The determined design thickness must be accurately applied in the fabrication yard.However,there are many cases that the PFP is overused because of various reasons.This excessive application of the PFP is an unavoidable problem.Several studies have been conducted on the efficient application and optimal design of the PFP.However,the strength of the PFP has not been considered.In addition,research studies on the correlation between the thickness of the PFP and the structural behaviour are not widely available.Therefore,this study attempts to analyse the thermal and mechanical effects of the PFP on the structure when it is applied to the structural member.In particular,it is intended to determine the change in the behaviour of the structural member as the thickness of the PFP increases.

摘要： We conduct a detailed analysis of an M1.3 limb flare occurring on 2017 July 3,which have the X-ray observations recorded by multiple hard X-ray telescopes,including Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT),Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager(RHESSI),and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope(Fermi).Joint analysis has also used the extreme ultraviolet(EUV)imaging data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly(AIA)aboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory.The hard X-ray spectral and imaging evolution suggest a lower corona source,and the non-thermal broken power law distribution has a rather low break energy~15 keV.The EUV imaging shows a rather stable plasma configuration before the hard X-ray peak phase,and accompanied by a filament eruption during the hard X-ray flare peak phase.Hard X-ray image reconstruction from RHESSI data only shows one foot point source.We also determined the DEM for the peak phase by SDO/AIA data.The integrated EM beyond 10 MK at foot point onset after the peak phase,while the>10 MK source around reconnection site began to fade.The evolution of EM and hard X-ray source supports lower corona plasma heating after non-thermal energy dissipation.The combination of hard X-ray spectra and images during the limb flare provides the understanding on the interchange of non-thermal and thermal energies,and relation between lower corona heating and the upper corona instability.

摘要： Since the three-dimensional Network on Chip(3D NoC)uses through-silicon via technology to connect the chips,each silicon layer is conducted through heterogeneous thermal,and 3D NoC system suffers from thermal problems.To alleviate the seriousness of the thermal problem,the distribution of data packets usually relies on traffic information or historical temperature information.However,thermal problems in 3D NoC cannot be solved only based on traffic or temperature information.Therefore,we propose a Score-Based Traffic-and Thermal-Aware Adaptive Routing(STTAR)that applies traffic load and temperature information to routing.First,the STTAR dynamically adjusts the input and output buffer lengths of each router with traffic load information to limit routing resources in overheated areas and control the rate of temperature rise.Second,STTAR adopts a scoring strategy based on temperature and the number of free slots in the buffer to avoid data packets being transmitted to high-temperature areas and congested areas and to improve the rationality of selecting routing output nodes.In our experiments,the proposed scoring Score-Based Traffic-and Thermal-Aware Adaptive Routing(STTAR)scheme can increase the throughput by about 14.98%to 47.90%and reduce the delay by about 10.80%to 35.36%compared with the previous works.

摘要： Screening for drought tolerance is critical to ensure high biomass production of bioenergy sorghum in arid or semi-arid environments. The bottleneck in drought tolerance selection is the challenge of accurately predicting biomass for a large number of genotypes. Although biomass prediction by lowaltitude remote sensing has been widely investigated on various crops, the performance of the predictions are not consistent, especially when applied in a breeding context with hundreds of genotypes. In some cases, biomass prediction of a large group of genotypes benefited from multimodal remote sensing data;while in other cases, the benefits were not obvious. In this study, we evaluated the performance of single and multimodal data(thermal, RGB, and multispectral) derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) for biomass prediction for drought tolerance assessments within a context of bioenergy sorghum breeding. The biomass of 360 sorghum genotypes grown under well-watered and water-stressed regimes was predicted with a series of UAV-derived canopy features, including canopy structure, spectral reflectance, and thermal radiation features. Biomass predictions using canopy features derived from the multimodal data showed comparable performance with the best results obtained with the single modal data with coefficients of determination(R2) ranging from 0.40 to 0.53 under water-stressed environment and0.11 to 0.35 under well-watered environment. The significance in biomass prediction was highest with multispectral followed by RGB and lowest with the thermal sensor. Finally, two well-recognized yieldbased drought tolerance indices were calculated from ground truth biomass data and UAV predicted biomass, respectively. Results showed that the geometric mean productivity index outperformed the yield stability index in terms of the potential for reliable predictions by the remotely sensed data.Collectively, this study demonstrated a promising strategy for the use of different UAV-based imaging sensors to quantify yield-based drought tolerance.

摘要： Phase change materials(PCMs)are theoretically able to change state at nearly a constant temperature and therefore to store a large quantity of energy to regulate temperature fluctuations.The thermal energy storage in PCMs occurs when they change from solid to liquid and the energy dissipates when they change back from liquid to solid.The different phases of PCMs have distinctly different physical properties such as electrical conductivity,optical reflectivity,mass density,or thermal conductivity.PCMs keep people comfortable through the absorbing,storage,and releasing of the heat.Without PCMs,the thermal insulation capacity of clothing depends on the thickness and density of the fabric.

摘要： The motion of particle clouds(i.e.,sediment clouds)usually can be found in engineering applications such as wastewater discharge,land reclamation,and marine bed capping.In this paper,a series of laboratory tests are conducted on coral sand to investigate the shape feature of the single particle and the mixing processes of the coral sand particle clouds.The shape of coral sand particle is measured and quantified.The experimental results demonstrate that the shape of coral sand particles tends to be spherical as the particle size decreases,and empirical equations were established to explain the variation of D50 and fS,50 of coral sand.Compared with the silica sand,the evolution of the coral sand particle cloud still experiences three stages,but the threshold for the Reynolds number of particle clouds entering the next stage changes.Further,the normalized axial distance of the coral sand particle clouds is 58%smaller.The frontal velocity exhibits similar varying tendency for the coral sand particle cloud.Considering the difference in shape between coral sand particles and silica sand particles,a semi-empirical formula was proposed based on the original silica sand prediction formula by adding the shape factor and the experimental data of 122μm≤D_(50)≤842μm.It can predict the frontal velocity of the coral sand particle clouds.

摘要： An analysis for a conceptual design of a thermal power plant (with a power capacity of 1 GW) is provided. This power plant can help in meeting the expected increase in the electric demand for Oman’s dominant power system (2.4 GW between 2018 and 2025). A necessary fluid mass flow rate of 834.1 kg/s was predicted. The overall energy conversion efficiency (output useful electricity divided by input heat) was estimated to be 34.7%. The needed thermal energy is not restricted to a specific source, and solar heating is an option for supplying the needed heat. The power plant design is based on using a steam-turbine section, which may be composed of a single large steam turbine having a mechanical power output of 1115 MW;or composed of a group of smaller steam turbines. The analysis is based on applying energy balance equations under certain assumptions (such as neglecting changes in potential energy). The thermal analysis was aided by web-based tool for calculating needed properties of the working medium, which is water, at different stages in the power plant.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种矩阵式UV光刻工艺制作Thermal Pad类型产品的方法，对单面覆铜铜铝复合板进行曝光、显影、蚀刻，在Thermal Pad位置蚀刻掉铜层，露出需要矩阵切割的介质层以及获得线路层；对单面覆铜铜铝复合板进行防焊层制作，露出需要UV光刻的Thermal Pad位置及UV光刻时所需要的对位靶点；矩阵UV光刻机光刻介质层，选取防焊层制作的靶点为对位点；Thermal Pad光刻对位系统在防焊层制作时一同制作，可以确保Thermal Pad光刻位置与防焊层的对位精度误差＜30μm；本发明生产方法优化成常规印刷方式，并采用矩阵UV光刻介质层，规避了防焊印刷落差工艺难点，从根本上解决了防焊显影不净的制程能力问题。

摘要： 本发明提供一种基于INTELROMLEY服务器架构内存THERMALTHROTTLING功能的测试方法。目前，IntelRomley全新架构平台刚发布，新的构架中将内存控制器集成到CPU中，并且每个CPU支持4个内存通道，每个内存通道最多可支持3根DIMM插槽，在最新的Romley架构中首次增加了内存的Thermal-Throttling功能，如今内存的频率和功耗越来越高，在最新的Romley架构中内存频率提高到空前的1600MHz，DIMM支持总数也扩展到24根，致使服务器内部发热量也越来越高。本发明一种基于INTELROMLEY服务器架构内存THERMALTHROTTLING功能的测试方法，具有设计合理，使用方便，具有很好的使用价值。