theory

摘要： I first met Don Helmberger when I visited Caltech in the spring of 1984 as a prospective graduate student.During that visit,I was immediately impressed by Don’s unbridled passion for science,in general,and seismology,in particular.Don made me feel quite at ease as we discussed mantle triplications,core phases and ray theory.Never mind that most of it was well above my head,he patiently continued the discussion while answering my many questions.Then he showed me a paper that literally changed my life:Theory and Application of Synthetic Seismograms(Helmberger,1983).

摘要： In order to deal with coarse-grained and multi-grained calculation problems,as well as granularity transformation problems in information system,quotient space theory is introduced in rough set theory.The main idea of this research is to try to maintain the important properties of the original space into the quotient space.Aimed to preserve the micro properties and the macro properties,two pairs of approximation operators on the quotient space are defined.When it comes to the composite of quotient spaces,the idea of these operators shows greater advantages.Examples are cited to illustrate possible applications of these operators,and their matrix representations are also given to make the calculations easy.Finally,all approximation operators on the quotient space involved so far are compared and their relationships are shown through a diagram.

摘要： Male infertility is a common and frequently-occurring disease in andrology clinics.Its pathogenesis and clinical symptoms are complex and changeable.The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is mostly based on dialectical treatment.Modern physicians headed by Professor Wang Qi respected the theory of physique,combined body differentiation,disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation,and put forward a new diagnosis and treatment concept of"quality differentiation and treatment".Big clinical data has confirmed that there is a correlation between Damp-Heat(Etiological terms.It refers to a disease.The combination of heat and dampness.)physique and male infertility.In order to improve the therapeutic effect of male infertility due to Damp-Heat,through the differentiation and treatment of male infertility and the analysis of the theory of Damp-Heat physique,combined with the investigation and research results of Damp-Heat physique and modern doctors’experience in the treatment of male infertility from the perspective of Damp-Heat In summary,it is concluded that correcting the formation and development of Damp-Heat physique clinically has important clinical basis and therapeutic advantages for the prevention and treatment of male infertility.

摘要： The Tractatus seems to promise a theory of language,which can clarify the relations between language and the world.At the same time,the terminology of the work remains indeterminate and as a result,the supposed theory,which constitutes part of the paradox of the work,does not allow any correlations between the elements of language and elements of the world.Therefore,it is not clear how language could have sense,something that a theory of language would explain us.However,in the Tractatus,Wittgenstein seems to be interested in something deeper than in simply formulating a theory.

摘要： We started this 21 st century with the legacy of Prof.Huntington’s theory of the"Clash of Civilisations",whereby our cultural differences will become the fault lines for future conflicts.So far,Clash of Civilisations is merely a theory begging destruction,but suffice to say that it was incompatible with history,our greatest mentor.History indicates that civilisations do not clash,however interests do.

摘要： “Fu Qing Zhu Nu Ke”specially set seven chapters for metrorrhagia,where Fu’s treatment of metrorrhagia emphasizes the treatment of the root cause of the metrorrhagia,invisible blood hemostasis,attention to the application of drugs for supplementing qi,blood,liver and kidney,medication with sweet,mild,and gentle properties,and repeatedly emphasized the influence of sexual affairs on gynecological diseases.Modern doctors have applied this prescription in clinical treatment of metrorrhagia.In this paper,the author makes a preliminary discussion and analysis of Fu’s thought of stopping metrorrhagia,and summarizes its modern clinical application and expansion,to enrich clinical experience and serve the patients better.

摘要： Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the attitude control for a novel tiltrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with two pairs of tiltable coaxial rotors and one rear rotor.An immersion and invariance-based adaptive attitude controller for the tilt-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is proposed.In the proposed control strategy,an adaptive update law is specially designed to compensate for the uncertainties of damping coefficients.The stability of the resulting closed-loop coaxial tiltrotor unmanned aerial vehicle(CTRUAV)system is proved by the Lyapunov methodology and LaSalle’s invariance theory.Finally。

摘要： We describe the development of a 3D Monte-Carlo model to study hot-electron transport in ionized or partially ionized targets,considering regimes typical of inertial confinement fusion.Electron collisions are modeled using a mixed simulation algorithm that considers both soft and hard scattering phenomena.Soft collisions are modeled according to multiple-scattering theories,i.e.,considering the global effects of the scattering centers on the primary particle.Hard collisions are simulated by considering a two-body interaction between an electron and a plasma particle.Appropriate differential cross sections are adopted to correctly model scattering in ionized or partially ionized targets.In particular,an analytical form of the differential cross section that describes a collision between an electron and the nucleus of a partially ionized atom in a plasma is proposed.The loss of energy is treated according to the continuous slowing down approximation in a plasma stopping power theory.Validation against Geant4 is presented.The code will be implemented as a module in 3D hydrodynamic codes,providing a basis for the development of robust shock ignition schemes and allowing more precise interpretations of current experiments in planar or spherical geometries.

摘要： Nonsmooth critical point theory and applications to the spectral graph theory Kung-Ching Chang,Sihong Shao,Dong Zhang^Weixi Zhang.Existing critical point theories including metric and topological critical point theories are difficult to be applied directly to some concrete problems in particular polyhedral settings,because the notions of critical sets could be either very vague or too large.T o overcome these difficulties,w e develop the critical point theory for nonsmooth but Lipschitzian functions defined on convex polyhedrons.This yields natural extensions of classical results in the critical point theory,such as the Liusternik-Schnirelmann multiplicity theorem.More importantly,eigenvectors for some eigenvalue problems involving graph 1-Laplacian coincide with critical points of the corresponding functions on polytopes,which indicates that the critical point theory proposed in the present paper can be applied to study the nonlinear spectral graph theory.

摘要： The objective of the authors is to establish an innovative concept of the complex hesitant fuzzy set(CHFS),which is the combination of the hesitant fuzzy set and the complex fuzzy set to manage complex and awkward information in the real‐decision theory.The structure and the basic properties of the proposed set are studied in detail.Based on the internal structure of the set and to find the degree of the discrimination between the pairs of the CHFSs,the generalized distance measures and modified generalized distance measures are defined.Several properties and their relationship between them are derived in detail.Also,several cases of the proposed measures are exposed which reduce them to the existing studies.Furthermore,based on these proposed measures,a decision‐making approach is established under the uncertain environment and several numerical examples are given to examine the feasibility and validity of the explored measures.Finally,the credibility of the modified and parameterized distance measures based on CHFSs is verified by comparing them with some existing measures.