technique

摘要： Every once in a while,a sport is revolutionized by a discovery or a new invention.In the mid-1980s,cross-country skiing was changed forever by the introduction of the skating technique.Dick Fosbury revolutionized high-jumping when he won the Olympic Games by crossing the bar“backwards”,and the development of the“klapp-skate”led to vast improvements of world records in speed skating.

摘要： Statistical and Quantum numerical method was implemented in this study to solve various cases in partial differential equations (PDEs) in engineering applications. One-dimensional with two lattices arrangements as well as two-dimensional with nine lattices arrangements is employed. The stability and the accuracy have been investigated either using statistical technique or using Euler’s method. The numerical limitations of using LBM method have been obtained and compared with those obtained by Euler’s method finite difference method. The main goal of this study is to investigate the ability of a statistical method in solving various ODEs or PDEs in energy and momentum equations and comparing them with those obtained by a classical numerical technique. The results show the ability of the statistical method for solving ODEs and PDE’s with more stable and accurate results. Therefore, the motivation of utilizing the statistical technique is the stability and it is easy for a complex fluid flow application.

摘要： Watercolor painting is a western painting method,which is concerned with the relationships of light and shadow as well as brightness and darkness.Chinese painting includes brush painting and ink painting;there is a special painting method that is known as“boneless painting.”This technique involves painting directly with color without outlining,and it is between brush painting and freehand brushwork.Both,boneless painting and watercolor painting are rich in color expression,and their techniques have many similarities in expressing the relationship between man and nature as well as the inner feelings of the painter.Watercolor painting was introduced to China from the West at the end of the 19th century,and it soon became a popular type of painting.The technique of brush painting in boneless painting has a history of several thousand years,from the Warring States period to the Song Dynasty.It pursues the shape of modeling and focuses on realism.Boneless painting,on the other hand,is mainly concerned with flowers and birds,between brush painting and painting with a sense of style,without outlining,directly painting flowers and leaves with colors or ink.They are both painted with brushes on paper,and they use water as a medium to mix pigments.The wet and dry intensity of watercolor painting as well as the interplay of ink and colors in Chinese painting have both developed their own unique charms.The two different types of painting represent the cultural epitomes of two different nationalities.In contemporary times,the techniques of watercolor painting and Chinese painting can be learned from each other.This paper explores the different connotations and expressions of boneless painting and watercolor painting through the combing of watercolor and Chinese painting techniques.

摘要： Introduction: Medical termination of pregnancy is a therapy that considerably reduces the number of obstetrical complications that can lead to maternal death and the number of births of children with diseases or malformations that are incompatible with life. Objective: To study the practice of medical termination of pregnancy at the Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF). Methodology: This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted at the Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF) covering the period from May 1st, 2012 to April 30th, 2021, i.e. a period of 9 years. All patients who underwent a medical termination of pregnancy during the study period and whose term of pregnancy was Fetal, maternal and obstetric causes were the main indications for medical termination of pregnancy in respectively 28%, 20% and 52%. Obstetrical ultrasound was performed in 100% of patients. These ultrasounds allowed us to determine fetal vitality and to find some fetal malformations (28%) and some anomalies in the fetal appendages (48%). Clinical examination alone was used to diagnose 24% of indications. In 68% of cases, the clinical examination and ultrasound were used to establish the indication. The most commonly used evacuation technique was medication in 88% of cases. Caesarean section was chosen for urgent cases in 12%. Uterine haemorrhage and post-abortion endometritis were the main complications. Conclusion: Medical termination of pregnancy is a delicate subject requiring multidisciplinary management. This series has allowed us to highlight our singularities, and will allow us to improve the management of our patients, in the prevention of haemorrhage and other complications.

摘要： Pixel value differencing(PVD)steganography techniques produce imperceptible stego-images.Most PVD-based techniques have a fkll-off boundary problem(FOBP).To avoid FOB£a steganographic scheme is presented that combines the quotient value difference(QVD)with pixel value correlation(PVC).It performs data embedding in two stages on 3 x 3 size pixel blocks.The first stage of the embedding procedure performs QVD and remainder substitution on five pixels.These five pixels are central pixel and it*s neighbours on the left,right,upper,and lower sides.Based on the new values of these five pixels,the PVC embedding procedure is applied on the remaining four corner pixels of the block.The experimental results are found to be improved.The hiding capacity is high that is 3.92 bits per byte with an acceptable peak signal-to-noise ratio value.A security check was performed using two tests:(i)a regular-singular(RS)test,(ii)a pixel difference histogram(PDH)test.The experimental outcomes demonstrate that PDH curves of the stego-images do not have a zigzag shape,that means the PDH test could not detect this steganography technique.Furthermore,the RS curves show that the RS test could not detect this steganography technique.

摘要： BACKGROUND Transanal total mesorectal excision(taTME)is a new technique with many potential technical advantages.Laparoscopy-assisted taTME is a combination of transabdominal taTME and transluminal endoscopic surgery taTME.Laparoscopy-assisted taTME is a combination of techniques such as minimally invasive surgery,intersphincter-assisted resection,natural orifice extraction,ta minimally invasive surgery,and ultralow-level preservation of the anus.AIM To verify the feasibility and safety of an innovative technique of taTME for treatment of cancer located in the lower rectum.METHODS From January 2016 to March 2018,we attempted to perform laparoscopy-assisted taTME surgery in 24 patients with lower rectal cancer.RESULTS The new technique of laparoscopy-assisted taTME was successfully performed in all 24 patients.Mean operating time was 310.0 min and mean intraoperative blood loss was 69.1 mL.The mean time to passing of first flatus was 3.1 d,and mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.2 d.Two patients were given postoperative analgesics due to anal pain.Twenty-three patients were able to walk in first 2 d,and five patients had postoperative complications.CONCLUSION Laparoscopy-assisted taTME is suitable for selected patients with lower rectal cancer,and this technique is worthy of further recommendation.

摘要： Introduction: The risk of rupture of true renal artery aneurysms is low but when they are bigger than 2 - 2.5 cm it increases significantly, making treatment essential. The need to use alternatives to conventional techniques in order to avoid predictable complications as coil migration is mandatory. Discussion: Routinely-used techniques in interventional neuroradiology such as flow diverters or those assisted with an occlusion balloon or stent have are suitable alternatives for complex aneurysms. Conclusion: Interventional neuroradiology devices such as the Cascade Net stent (Perflow Medical and Grupo Logsa) and Solitaire AB stent retriever (Medtronic) are valid and safe options. We describe the technique of such devices.

摘要： BACKGROUND Sutures have been used to repair wounds since ancient times.However,the basic suture technique has not significantly changed.In Phase I of our project,we proposed a“double diabolo”suture design,using a theoretical physical study to show that this suture receives 50%less tension than conventional sutures,and so a correspondingly greater force must be applied to break it.AIM To determine whether these theoretical levels of resistance were met by the new type of suture.METHODS An observational study was performed to compare three types of sutures,using a device that exerted force on the suture until the breaking point was reached.The tension produced by this traction was measured.The following variables were considered:Tearing stress on entry/exit points,edge separation stress,and suture break stress.The study sample consisted of 30 sutures with simple interrupted stitches(Group 1),30 with continuous stitches(Group 2),and 30 with the“double diabolo”design(Group 3).RESULTS The mean degree of force required to reach the breaking point for each of these variables(tearing,separation,and final breaking)was highest in Group 3(14.56,18.28,and 21.39 kg),followed by Group 1(7.36,10.38,and 12.81 kg)and Group 2(5.77,7.7,and 8.71 kg).These differences were statistically significant(P<0.001)in all cases.CONCLUSION The experimental results show that with the“double diabolo”suture,compared with conventional sutures,greater force must be applied to reach the breaking point(almost twice as much as in the simple interrupted suture and more than double that required for the continuous suture).If these results are confirmed in Phase III(the clinical phase)of our study,we believe the double diabolo technique should be adopted as the standard approach,especially when the suture must withstand significant tension(e.g.,laparotomy closure,thoracotomy closure,diaphragm suture,or hernial orifice closure).

摘要： Although laparoscopic hysterectomy has been used for more than 3 decades,it is not universally adopted due to steep learning curve.The robotic platform can bridge this gap and reduce the need for open hysterectomy with enhanced dexterity and accurate depth perception by 3D vision and wristed intuitive movements.This technical note introduces a two arms-three instruments“Sinha-Apollo technique”for da Vinci Si system for performing robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in simplified and reproducible steps.

摘要： BACKGROUND The current standard surgical treatment for non-metastatic upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)is radical nephroureterectomy(RNU)with bladder cuff excision(BCE).Typically,BCE techniques are classified in one of the following three categories:An open technique described as intrasvesical incision of the bladder cuff,a transurethral incision of the bladder cuff(TUBC),and an extravesical incision of the bladder cuff(EVBC)method.Even though each of these management techniques are widely used,there is no consensus about which surgical intervention is superior,with the best oncologic outcomes.AIM To investigate the oncological outcomes of three BCE methods during RNU for primary UTUC patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 248 primary UTUC patients,who underwent RNU with BCE between January 2004 to December 2018.Patients were analyzed according to each BCE method.Data extracted included patient demographics,perioperative parameters,and oncological outcomes.Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and log-rank tests.The Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to identify independent predictors.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Of the 248 participants,39.9%(n=99)underwent intrasvesical incision of the bladder cuff,38.7%(n=96)EVBC,and 21.4%(n=53)TUBC.At a median followup of 44.2 mo,bladder recurrence developed in 17.2%,12.5%,and 13.2%of the cases,respectively.Cancer-specific deaths occurred in 11.1%,5.2%,and 7.5%of patients,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curves with a log-rank test highlighted no significant differences in intravesical recurrence-free survival,cancer-specific survival,and overall survival among these approaches with P values of 0.987,0.825,and 0.497,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that the lower ureter location appears to have inferior intravesical recurrence-free survival(P=0.042).However,cancer-specific survival and overall survival were independently influenced by tumor stage(hazard ratio[HR]=8.439;95%condence interval:2.424-29.377;P=0.001)and lymph node status(HR=14.343;95%CI:5.176-39.745;P<0.001).CONCLUSION All three techniques had comparable outcomes;although,EVBC and TUBC are minimally invasive.While based upon rather limited data,these findings will support urologists in blending experience with evidence to inform patient choices.However,larger,rigorously designed,multicenter studies with long term outcomes are still required.

摘要： In this article, the author tentatively proves the idea common reader can improve reading abilityby practicing their eyeball. Everybody knows that in English learning field, reading is a big problem. Although many scientists try hard to find a way to overcome it, most learners cannot keep on reading. If there isa kind of easy and effective way that can well motivate the learners, the students can learn foreign languagemore happily and confidently. So the author uses this method to help the students to get the success as quicklyas possible, so that they can get the confidence and more. The author used the computer and a soft that a pictore moves all the time from left to right. By this way, the author wants to train the students' eyeball ability.And then he fastened the speed little by little and help the students to master the scientific rule of the eyeballmovement practicing. The author held a three-step-experiment. Each step includes methods and tests. Aftereach step, according to the result of the test, the author improved the method. Finally, the author proved theidea.

摘要： In this article, the author tentatively proves the idea common reader can improve reading abilityby practicing their eyeball. Everybody knows that in English learning field, reading is a big problem. Although many scientists try hard to find a way to overcome it, most learners cannot keep on reading. If there isa kind of easy and effective way that can well motivate the learners, the students can learn foreign languagemore happily and confidently. So the author uses this method to help the students to get the success as quicklyas possible, so that they can get the confidence and more. The author used the computer and a soft that a pictore moves all the time from left to right. By this way, the author wants to train the students' eyeball ability.And then he fastened the speed little by little and help the students to master the scientific rule of the eyeballmovement practicing. The author held a three-step-experiment. Each step includes methods and tests. Aftereach step, according to the result of the test, the author improved the method. Finally, the author proved theidea.

摘要： In this article, the author tentatively proves the idea common reader can improve reading abilityby practicing their eyeball. Everybody knows that in English learning field, reading is a big problem. Although many scientists try hard to find a way to overcome it, most learners cannot keep on reading. If there isa kind of easy and effective way that can well motivate the learners, the students can learn foreign languagemore happily and confidently. So the author uses this method to help the students to get the success as quicklyas possible, so that they can get the confidence and more. The author used the computer and a soft that a pictore moves all the time from left to right. By this way, the author wants to train the students' eyeball ability.And then he fastened the speed little by little and help the students to master the scientific rule of the eyeballmovement practicing. The author held a three-step-experiment. Each step includes methods and tests. Aftereach step, according to the result of the test, the author improved the method. Finally, the author proved theidea.

摘要： In this article, the author tentatively proves the idea common reader can improve reading abilityby practicing their eyeball. Everybody knows that in English learning field, reading is a big problem. Although many scientists try hard to find a way to overcome it, most learners cannot keep on reading. If there isa kind of easy and effective way that can well motivate the learners, the students can learn foreign languagemore happily and confidently. So the author uses this method to help the students to get the success as quicklyas possible, so that they can get the confidence and more. The author used the computer and a soft that a pictore moves all the time from left to right. By this way, the author wants to train the students' eyeball ability.And then he fastened the speed little by little and help the students to master the scientific rule of the eyeballmovement practicing. The author held a three-step-experiment. Each step includes methods and tests. Aftereach step, according to the result of the test, the author improved the method. Finally, the author proved theidea.

摘要： In this article, the author tentatively proves the idea common reader can improve reading abilityby practicing their eyeball. Everybody knows that in English learning field, reading is a big problem. Although many scientists try hard to find a way to overcome it, most learners cannot keep on reading. If there isa kind of easy and effective way that can well motivate the learners, the students can learn foreign languagemore happily and confidently. So the author uses this method to help the students to get the success as quicklyas possible, so that they can get the confidence and more. The author used the computer and a soft that a pictore moves all the time from left to right. By this way, the author wants to train the students' eyeball ability.And then he fastened the speed little by little and help the students to master the scientific rule of the eyeballmovement practicing. The author held a three-step-experiment. Each step includes methods and tests. Aftereach step, according to the result of the test, the author improved the method. Finally, the author proved theidea.