摘要：
针对石油化工行业中广泛应用的外压容器,利用有限元法研究了开孔率、容器厚度、容器内径对其失稳的影响,计算出临界载荷、失稳波数和失稳时的最大径向位移等参数,为提高大开孔外压容器安全性和结构设计合理性提供理论指导.研究结果表明:开孔不影响容器失稳产生的失稳波数,开孔后容器的抗失稳能力降低;开孔率增大,容器的稳定性变差,最大径向位移呈现先增大再减小再增大趋势;容器厚度和内径会影响容器失稳时产生的失稳波数;厚度增加,容器的稳定性增强,最大径向位移呈现先减小再增大再减小趋势;内径增加,容器的稳定性变差,最大径向位移呈现先减小再增大再减小趋势.%For widely used external pressure vessel in petrochemical industry,the influence of the opening ratio,thickness and inner diameter on the buckling of the pressure vessel are analyzed by using the finite element method,and the parameters including critical load,buckling wavenumber and maximum radial displacement are calculated,which provide theoretical direction for improving the security of large opening external pressure vessel and the reasonability of structure design.The results show that opening pore does not affect the instability waves and the stability reduced after opening pore.With the increase of opening ratio,the stability of the vessel becomes worse,and the change trend of the maximum radial displacement is increasing,decreasing and increasing.With the increase of thickness,the stability of the vessel becomes better,and the change trend of the maximum radial displacement is decreasing,increasing and decreasing.With the increase of inner diameter,the stability of the vessel is enhanced,and the change trend of the maximum radial displacement is decreasing,increasing and decreasing.
