synthesis

摘要： Dear editor,Dysregulated inflammatory responses primarily account for damage to the central nervous system,however,neurodegenerative processes likely contribute to the pathophysiology of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis(MS).These pathophysiological aspects include axonal energy depletion and impaired remyelination capacity(Levin et al.,2014).The clinical efficacy of most disease-modifying therapies in MS to date has been achieved by targeting functions of the adaptive immune system(Cree et al.,2019;Szepanowski et al.,2021).

摘要： Visible‐light‐driven organic reactions have emerged as important and promising strategies for the construction of various value‐added compounds under mild conditions owing to the advantages of operation simplicity and high efficiency.The development of novel reaction procedures for the synthesis of significant molecules and useful building blocks for further applications is highly desirable.The importance of photocatalysis motivates us to organize the special column of“visible‐light‐driven catalytic organic synthesis”,which contains 4 papers including 1 article,2 communications,and 1 review.

摘要： Finding energetic materials with tailored properties is always a significant challenge due to low research efficiency in trial and error.Herein,a methodology combining domain knowledge,a machine learning algorithm,and experiments is presented for accelerating the discovery of novel energetic materials.A high-throughput virtual screening(HTVS)system integrating on-demand molecular generation and machine learning models covering the prediction of molecular properties and crystal packing mode scoring is established.With the proposed HTVS system,candidate molecules with promising properties and a desirable crystal packing mode are rapidly targeted from the generated molecular space containing 25112 molecules.Furthermore,a study of the crystal structure and properties shows that the good comprehensive performances of the target molecule are in agreement with the predicted results,thus verifying the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.This work demonstrates a new research paradigm for discovering novel energetic materials and can be extended to other organic materials without manifest obstacles.

摘要： Prodigiosin is a red pigment with a pyrrolylpyrromethane skeleton.It is mainly produced by bacterial strains belonging to the Serratia genus,but also by some other genera,including Streptomyces and Vibrio.Within the genus Serratia,the pigment is generally produced as a virulence factor.However,it also has many important beneficial biological activities such as immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative activities.Moreover,the pigment has many industrial applications in textile and cosmetics.In this mini-review,we discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms supporting prodigiosin synthesis and production from the Serratia genus,as well as its potential applications.

摘要： Computer analysis of N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide compounds by in silico method revealed high probability of antibacterial (antimycobacterial), anti-tuberculosis (antituberculosic), antiviral (Influenza), antitumor (antineoplastic) 9 > Pa > 0.5 and with a low probability of cytotoxic/cytostatic (cytostatic/cytotoxic) activities. An experimental study by in vitro and in vivo methods allowed us to conclude that studied new synthetic compound N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide in the studied concentrations has a pronounced bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects.

摘要： Over the past few decades,the design and development of carbon materials have occurred at a rapid pace.In particular,these porous graphene-like carbon nitride materials have received considerable attention due to their superior structures and performances in the energy transformation field.In this review,nitrogenated holey two-dimensional graphene and polymeric carbon nitride will be discussed in depth.The structural properties,synthetic methods,and applications including electrocatalytic reactions,such as hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen reduction reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and nitrogen reduction reaction,will be presented in detail.Finally,we will present the outlooks on the current obstacles to the development of carbon nitride materials.This comprehensive understanding will help guide and motivate researchers to develop and modify carbon nitride materials with better properties in the future.

摘要： Dear editor,University laboratory-related events include fire,explosion,chemical gas leakage,poisoning related to the loss of toxic reagents,specific pathogen infection,leakage of radioactive material,etc.[1]Chloroform is an important material used frequently in the laboratory,for organic synthesis or used as an organic glass binder and organic matter extractor.[2]As a widely used anesthetic in clinics in the 1950s and the 1960s,[3]chloroform was abandoned because of hepatorenal toxicity.We report a case of a 24-year-old suicidal female student with chloroform poisoning.

摘要： Because of features,such as adjustable structures,high porosity,and high crystallinity,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)deservedly have received considerable attention.Nevertheless,there is still room for improvements in the electrical conductivity and chemical stability of some MOFs,because of which they cannot be utilized as electrode materials.Fortunately,MOF derivatives have received widespread attention in recent years,especially phosphide materials,which are widely used in practical applications because of their outstanding conductivity,excellent specific surface area,and standout charge mobility.In this review,the latest developments of MOF-derived phosphides in electrocatalysis related to energy,including the excellent performance in terms of electrochemical energy storage and ingenious strategies,and diversified synthetic approaches are emphasized and summarized.Additionally,the arduous task and feasible proposals of MOF-derived phosphides are also discussed.

摘要： The majority of the mammalian skeleton is formed through endochondral ossification starting from a cartilaginous template.Cartilage cells, or chondrocytes, survive, proliferate and synthesize extracellular matrix in an avascular environment, but the metabolic requirements for these anabolic processes are not fully understood. Here, using metabolomics analysis and genetic in vivo models, we show that maintaining intracellular serine homeostasis is essential for chondrocyte function. De novo serine synthesis through phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase(PHGDH)-mediated glucose metabolism generates nucleotides that are necessary for chondrocyte proliferation and long bone growth. On the other hand, dietary serine is less crucial during endochondral bone formation, as serine-starved chondrocytes compensate by inducing PHGDH-mediated serine synthesis.Mechanistically, this metabolic flexibility requires ATF4, a transcriptional regulator of amino acid metabolism and stress responses.We demonstrate that both serine deprivation and PHGDH inactivation enhance ATF4 signaling to stimulate de novo serine synthesis and serine uptake, respectively, and thereby prevent intracellular serine depletion and chondrocyte dysfunction. A similar metabolic adaptability between serine uptake and de novo synthesis is observed in the cartilage callus during fracture repair.Together, the results of this study reveal a critical role for PHGDH-dependent serine synthesis in maintaining intracellular serine levels under physiological and serine-limited conditions, as adequate serine levels are necessary to support chondrocyte proliferation during endochondral ossification.

摘要： Polymers are huge compounds made up of numerous monomers(repeated subunits).They have similar macro and micro properties,as well as electrical transport qualities,semiconductive capabilities,and optical features.With the advent of conductive polyacetylene,conductive polymers have gotten a lot of interest.These conductors have a wide range of electrical conductivity,which may be produced by doping,while being mechanically flexible and having a high thermal stability.Polymers may be created using a variety of methods,including chemical and electrochemical polymerization.With advancement in material stability and greater property control,an increasing variety of new applications are now being investigated.

摘要： An information extraction-based technique is proposed for RTL-to-gate equivalence checking. Distances are calculated on directed acyclic graph (AIG). Multiplier and multiplicand are distinguished on multiplications with different coding methods, with which the operand ordering/grouping information could be extracted from a given implementation gate netlist, helping the RTL synthesis engine generate a gate netlist with great similarity. This technique has been implemented in an internal equivalence checking tool, ZD_VIS. Compared with the simple equivalence checking, the speed is accelerated by at least 40﹪ in its application to a class of arithmetic designs, addition and multiplication trees. The method can be easily incorporated into existing RTL-to-gate equivalence checking frameworks, increasing the robustness of equivalence checking for arithmetic circuits.

摘要： A series of novel hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate oligomers containing photoinitiator weresynthesized by modifying the second generation hyperbranched polyester with isophoronediisocyanate-2-hydroxyethylacrylate (IPDI-HEA) and isophoronediisocyanate-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (IPDI-HMPP) at different feed ratio. The structure of theobtained oligomers was characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The molecular weights andpolydispersities of the oligomers were analyzed by GPC and shown narrow distribution. UV–Vis spectraresults showed that the maximum absorption bands of these oligomers are at around 325nm. UV-curingproperties were characterized by FT-IR at different curing time. The thermal properties of the oligomers werealso studied by TGA. The results showed that the UV-cured films have good thermal stability.

摘要： A series of novel hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate oligomers containing photoinitiator weresynthesized by modifying the second generation hyperbranched polyester with isophoronediisocyanate-2-hydroxyethylacrylate (IPDI-HEA) and isophoronediisocyanate-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (IPDI-HMPP) at different feed ratio. The structure of theobtained oligomers was characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The molecular weights andpolydispersities of the oligomers were analyzed by GPC and shown narrow distribution. UV–Vis spectraresults showed that the maximum absorption bands of these oligomers are at around 325nm. UV-curingproperties were characterized by FT-IR at different curing time. The thermal properties of the oligomers werealso studied by TGA. The results showed that the UV-cured films have good thermal stability.

摘要： A series of novel hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate oligomers containing photoinitiator weresynthesized by modifying the second generation hyperbranched polyester with isophoronediisocyanate-2-hydroxyethylacrylate (IPDI-HEA) and isophoronediisocyanate-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (IPDI-HMPP) at different feed ratio. The structure of theobtained oligomers was characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The molecular weights andpolydispersities of the oligomers were analyzed by GPC and shown narrow distribution. UV–Vis spectraresults showed that the maximum absorption bands of these oligomers are at around 325nm. UV-curingproperties were characterized by FT-IR at different curing time. The thermal properties of the oligomers werealso studied by TGA. The results showed that the UV-cured films have good thermal stability.

摘要： A series of novel hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate oligomers containing photoinitiator weresynthesized by modifying the second generation hyperbranched polyester with isophoronediisocyanate-2-hydroxyethylacrylate (IPDI-HEA) and isophoronediisocyanate-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (IPDI-HMPP) at different feed ratio. The structure of theobtained oligomers was characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The molecular weights andpolydispersities of the oligomers were analyzed by GPC and shown narrow distribution. UV–Vis spectraresults showed that the maximum absorption bands of these oligomers are at around 325nm. UV-curingproperties were characterized by FT-IR at different curing time. The thermal properties of the oligomers werealso studied by TGA. The results showed that the UV-cured films have good thermal stability.