survey

摘要： This study aims to ascertain the extent of the cocoa stem borer Eulophonotus myrmeleon distribution, outbreak, and damage to the cocoa plantations in six cocoa growing states in Nigeria. Three local government areas were selected from each of the six major cocoa states and three farms from each local government area. In each farm, 100 cocoa trees were randomly selected and inspected for symptoms and damages of E. myrmeleon. The result revealed that E. myrmeleon infestation has increased significantly (p = 0.01, df = 1, F = 41.77) in 2019 by 10% from the 2014 inspection. It also showed that the infestation level was significantly different from state to state. Symptoms of infestation include presence of entry/exit holes, woody exudates around the trees, yellowing and browning of the leaves. Damages caused by E. myrmeleon infestation are, loses of pod on the affected branch and tree and death of tree. Field observations showed clearly that stem borer is now becoming a serious problem and limiting considerably the production of cocoa in the region. It is time to give more attention to the biology and management of the pest. This is the first report detailing the symptoms and damage done by cocoa stem borers in Nigeria.

摘要： The study of vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)has received significant attention among academia;even so,its security and privacy still become a central issue that is wide-open to discuss.The authentication schemes deployed in VANETs have a substantial impact on its security and privacy.Many researchers have proposed a variety of schemes related to the information verification and efficiency improvement in VANETs.In recent years,many papers have proposed identity-based batch verification(IBV)schemes in regard to diminishing overhead in the message verification process in VANETs.This survey begins with providing background information about VANETs and clarifying its security and privacy,as well as performance requirements that must be satisfied.After presenting an outlook of some relevant surveys of VANETs,a brief review of some IBV schemes published in recent years is conferred.The detailed approach of each scheme,with a comprehensive comparison between them,has been provided afterward.Finally,we summarize those recent studies and possible future improvements.

摘要： Background: Happiness varies across the life course in a U shape, with the least happiness in mid-life during the working years. Therefore, choosing a career may be an important factor in life’s happiness. However, the relationship between the career selection process and happiness remains unclear. Methods: We surveyed 805 schoolteachers, office workers, and nurses from an available marketing database using an ad hoc questionnaire assessing happiness and career selection type. Results and Discussion: We found that happiness was significantly greater among schoolteachers and nurses than for office workers in Japan. Furthermore, among schoolteachers and office workers, an evasive/avoidance type of career-selection process had an unfavorable effect on happiness. However, among nurses, no such association was observed. Conclusion: Paying attention to the career-selection process may be helpful to improve happiness.

摘要： BACKGROUND There is variability in intensive care unit(ICU)resources and staffing worldwide.This may reflect variation in practice and outcomes across all health systems.AIM To improve research and quality improvement measures administrative leaders can create long-term strategies by understanding the nature of ICU practices on a global scale.METHODS The Global ICU Needs Assessment Research Group was formed on the basis of diversified skill sets.We aimed to survey sites regarding ICU type,availability of staffing,and adherence to critical care protocols.An international survey‘Global ICU Needs Assessment’was created using Google Forms,and this was distributed from February 17^(th),2020 till September 23^(rd),2020.The survey was shared with ICU providers in 34 countries.Various approaches to motivating healthcare providers were implemented in securing submissions,including use of emails,phone calls,social media applications,and WhatsApp^(TM).By completing this survey,providers gave their consent for research purposes.This study was deemed eligible for category-2 Institutional Review Board exempt status.RESULTS There were a total 121 adult/adult-pediatrics ICU responses from 34 countries in 76 cities.A majority of the ICUs were mixed medical-surgical[92(76%)].108(89%)were adult-only ICUs.Total 36 respondents(29.8%)were 31-40 years of age,with 79(65%)male and 41(35%)female participants.89 were consultants(74%).A total of 71(59%)respondents reported having a 24-h inhouse intensivist.A total of 87(72%)ICUs were reported to have either a 2:1 or≥2:1 patient/nurse ratio.About 44%of the ICUs were open and 76%were mixed type(medical-surgical).Protocols followed regularly by the ICUs included sepsis care(82%),ventilator-associated pneumonia(79%);nutrition(76%),deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis(84%),stress ulcer prophylaxis(84%),and glycemic control(89%).CONCLUSION Based on the findings of this international,multi-dimensional,needs-assessment survey,there is a need for increased recruitment and staffing in critical care facilities,along with improved patientto-nurse ratios.Future research is warranted in this field with focus on implementing appropriate health standards,protocols and resources for optimal efficiency in critical care worldwide.

摘要： This study aims to design and develop a pavement non-destructive quality testing device with the MASW method. Unlike the traditional acquisition techniques that plants geophones on the pavement, the presented approach uses no-tip geophones, placed directly on the pavement surface to preserve its integrity. To proceed, a seismograph using an Arduino Due microcontroller connected to a Raspberry Pi 4 nano-computer was developed. The receivers consist of 6 4.5 Hz GD geophones connected together by a graduated tape to control the inter-trace distance and to in order to acquire data in land-streamer. The recording is triggered by a KY-038 sound sensor. The Arduino acts as an analog-to-digital converter while the Raspberry is used as a real-time data visualization and processing interface. The obtained seismic data has been processed using the Geopsy open-source software which allows the analysis and inversion of the dispersion curves. The studied system has been tested in 4 different sites. The obtained seismic VS and VP velocities as a function of the depth allowed to deduce the elastic properties of the pavement layers and to decide on their mechanical quality with the possibility of integrating the results in the road data banks.

摘要： Background: Prostate cancer is a common disease in men over 50 years. Only early detection by screening can guarantee a favourable outcome. Objective: The objective of the study is to report on the practice of prostate cancer screening by general practitioners in Lomé. Material and Method: This was a practice survey. A questionnaire administered to general practitioners allowed to examine the following parameters: the practitioner’s years of practice, the screening criteria, the screening tools and the factors motivating the request for urological advice. The data were analysed using the software Epi info 7.1.5. The P value was considered significant below 0.05. Results: One hundred and eighty (180) physicians average-aged 29 were administered among whom one hundred and fifty-seven (157) males and twenty-three (23) females. The average duration of the medical practice was 35.2 months (6 months - 204 months). The screening criteria were age (47.2%), family history of cancer (17.8%), and age over 50 years associated with symptoms of the low urinary tract (35%). The practitioner’s experience did not affect these criteria (p = 0.12). The screening tools were the digital rectal examination (DRE) associated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay (20.5%), PSA alone (29.5%), DRE alone (6.6%), suprapubic ultrasound (32.3%) and endorectal ultrasound (11.1%). The choice of the screening tool was related to the practitioner’s experience (p = 0.03). The determining factor for a urological consultation was a high PSA (>4 ng/ml) independent of the DRE. Conclusion: Prostate cancer screening is largely done by general practitioners in Lomé. However, the use of some criteria and tools for the screening is not optimal.

摘要： Hemorrhage is the leading cause of combat deaths,which is a primary lesson learned from modern warfare.[1]If temporary hemostasis is not available,the mortality of non-compressible torso hemorrhage(NCTH),a potentially preventable death(PPD),is as high as 85.5%.[2]

摘要： To revitalize Chinese economic activities under the influence of the pandemic,the Chinese government adjusts the policies and attitudes about street vending.Taking Nanjing as a typical example of a city of street vending,the paper expounds in-depth on the positive impact of street vending on the economy after the pandemic.Meantime,it also describes the new management policies of street vending made by the Nanjing government to develop with a good trend.In addition,the paper directly reflects Nanjing people’s views on street vending and the resulting behavior through professional data.Finally,through the analysis of the advantages of street vending,it proves that the support from street vending in the Chinese economy is non-negligible after the pandemic.

摘要： 1.Objectives The China sea and their adjacent regions are the key areas for establishing the“21st Century Maritime Silk Road”and building a community of marine destiny and promoting sustainable development(Shang LN et al.,2021).Marine regional geological surveys are systematic surveys involving geology,geophysics,geochemistry,remote sensing,and marine sedimentary dynamic environments on specific scales.

摘要： Citrus leaf and fruit spot incited by Pseudocercospora angolensis are one of the most serious production constraints of citrus production in North Western Ethiopia. Disease survey in 10 major citrus growing districts of North-Western Ethiopia was conducted, to indicate the importance of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease and its association with agro-ecological factors. The study was carried out during 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons. And in each cropping season based on availability, a total of 280 citrus trees (200 sweet oranges, 40 mandarins, and 40 lemons) in 20 orchards were randomly assessed. This study result showed that in most of the surveyed areas, leaf and fruit spot were the most prevalent and long-lasting disease of citrus. That is, among 10 studied districts in 8 of them (100%) disease prevalence, (87.25%) incidence and (24.43%) severity were computed. As a result, most citrus growers were practiced uprooting of their citrus trees and replacing them by other fruit crops (Mango and Avocado). Therefore, from the result of the present investigation to provide sustainable citrus fruit productivity and production in areas where citrus leaf and fruit spot disease is predominant and causes a devastating effect, integrated and sustainable citrus leaf and fruit spot disease management practices should be executed. Furthermore, in order to get full illustrates of the importance of the disease, it is useful to conduct related disease surveys in major citrus growing areas of the country.

摘要： The author introduces the present research on learners’ strategies at home and abroad and pointsout the significance of survey and analysis on students’ English learning strategies in higher vocational educa-tion schools. In the investigation of 120 higher vocational students, the author gives surveys on the followingaspects：language learning strategies, students’ requirements for their English teachers and the teaching meth-ods, students’ estimation on their own foreign language study strategies, their comments on textbooks andtests, etc. According to the analysis of research, the author comes to the conclusion that teachers should im-prove the students’ applied and communicative skills in the second languages teaching and supply enough in-structions to students in their learning strategies in order to improve their learning interests and motivationand improve their learning efficiency both in classroom and at self-learning stage. Meanwhile, the authorpoints out some enlightenments of the survey and gives some suggestions for the English teachers in highervocational education schools.

摘要： Information Technology Education (ITE) in primary, secondary and high schools plays an importantrole in improving the national comprehensive qualities. Focusing on the high schools in East Guangdong Prov-ince, China, a survey was carried out to evaluate the status of ITE. Some problems are found by the surveyanalysis, such as inadequate emphasis, poor information resources, less communication among students andteachers and no further training for teachers. At last, the proposals including more attentions, improvement ofexercise environment, the continuing education are put forward. (Abstract)

摘要： Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to rapid development of real-time applications.Many routing protocols have been specifically designed for these applications where real-time guarantee is an essential design issue.In this paper,the state of the art in real-time routing protocols for WSNs is surveyed,along with the highlights of the advantages and performance issues of each routing protocol and algorithm.In addition,the paper concludes with classification of recent real-time routing protocols and discusses open research issues.

摘要： 一种多倍体基因组survey的方法，所属分子生物学技术领域，本发明方法通过更新的算法，能准确获得多倍体物种的基因组特征信息。具体由以下步骤完成：基因组DNA提取与测序；基因组测序产出数据质量控制；多倍体基因组特征评估；多倍体基因组倍性变化分析。本方法在设计的时已考虑到了多倍体物种基因组序列之间复杂关系，专门设计了针对多倍体物种基因组大小、杂合率、同源率的分析方法，能有效避免现有方法对多倍体基因组评估错误率高的问题。本方法理论上可以对任何真核多倍体基因组进行survey分析，因而本方法可以在多倍体基因组评估上得到广泛应用，为多倍体基因组大小、杂合率、同源率评估等应用提供了准确有效的分析方法。