多型性

摘要： 蝗灾威胁着人类的粮食安全.从进化生物学和分子生物学角度阐述了蝗虫的多型性与蝗灾形成的关系,并指明了未来相关研究的重点和方向.最后,在此基础上又简述了蝗虫的多型性研究对防控蝗灾的启示.

摘要： 随着当前我国养殖业的不断发展,针对动物各种疾病的研究也越来越丰富.牛病毒性腹泻是比较常见的动物疾病,发病的原因是感染了牛腹泻病毒引起的.尤其是对于集中饲养的牛群来说,有比较强的传染性.对于体质比较差或者幼年牛来说,比较容易受到感染,主要传播的途径是血液和粪便,以及一些分泌物等.牛一旦罹患病毒性腹泻会给牛的身体带来不利影响,另外还会给养殖户带来一定的经济损失.所以本文主要研究的内容是牛病毒性腹泻病毒的多型性和疫病的防控手段,希望能够给业界带来一定的参考.

摘要： 1存在多型性有O、A、C、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3、Asia1型7个血清型,各型之间完全没有交叉保护,同一血清型下不同亚型的抗原性也有不同程度的差异,这也就导致疫苗产生的抗体不能完全保护。2感染谱广种间屏障缺失,口蹄疫可感染多种偶蹄动物,且感染宿主的中间屏障薄弱,原本只感染牛羊或只感染猪的毒株也开始在牛羊猪之间相互感染。3持续带毒口蹄疫也存在持续带毒问题,如同与蓝耳病、猪瘟,如牛可带毒至数年时间。动物虽然本身并不表现临床症状,但却向外界排毒,形成传染源。

摘要： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has a prevalence of approximately 30% in western countries, and is emerging as the first cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Therefore, risk stratification emerges as fundamental in order to optimize human and economic resources, and genetics displays intrinsic characteristics suitable to fulfill this task. According to the available data, heritability estimates for hepatic fat content range from 20% to 70%, and an almost 80% of shared heritability has been found between hepatic fat content and fibrosis. The rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene and the rs58542926 SNP in transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 gene have been robustly associated with NAFLD and with its progression, but promising results have been obtained with many other SNPs. Moreover, there has been proof of the additive role of the different SNPs in determining liver damage, and there have been preliminary experiences in which risk scores created through a few genetic variants, alone or in combination with clinical variables, were associated with a strongly potentiated risk of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), NASH fibrosis or NAFLD-HCC. However, to date, clinical translation of genetics in the field of NAFLD has been poor or absent. Fortunately, the research we have done seems to have placed us on the right path: We should rely on longitudinal rather than on cross-sectional studies; we should focus on relevant outcomes rather than on simple liver fat accumulation; and we should put together the genetic and clinical information. The hope is that combined genetic/clinical scores, derived from longitudinal studies and built on a few strong genetic variants and relevant clinical variables, will reach a significant predictive power, such as to have clinical utility for risk stratification at the single patient level and even to esteem the impact of intervention on the risk of disease-related outcomes. Well-structured future studies would demonstrate if this vision can become a reality.

摘要： 本研究选取豌豆、绿豆、豇豆、芸豆、红小豆、蚕豆、黑大豆、鹰嘴豆、黎豆、苦豆10种豆,测得10种豆中胰蛋白酶抑制剂(trypsin inhibitor,TI)含量范围为47.4～148.9 TIU/g,苦豆和品红05200的含量最高,分别为148.9、121.8 TIU/g.Gelatin-PAGE活性染色表明10种豆的亚基数目范围为5～13个,品种间TI亚基种类、丰度存在一定差异.通过极端热、酸、碱、盐、振荡条件分别处理10种豆粉粗提液,在亚基层面分析不同豆类胰蛋白酶抑制剂的稳定性特征,为进一步探究胰蛋白酶抑制剂稳定性机理提供初步结构数据,为豆类在食品加工及饲料养殖方面提供指导.%This study selected 10 varieties of cultivated beans,inclucling mung bean,cowpea,kidney bean,adzuki bean and broad bean,black soybean,chickpea,mucuna,fenugreek as matarials.Trypsin inhibitor(TI) activity,polymorphism and stability of beans were tested.The beans TI activity were 47.4～148.9 TIU/g.Fenugreek and Pinhong05200 had the highest TI activity,which were 148.9,121.8 TIU/g,respectively.Inhibitor activity staining Gelatin-PAGE showed that beans had 5～ 13 TI bands.The number and the relative content of subunit of legume TI were determined respectively,and there were many differences of subunit properties in diverse cultivars.Through the treatment of extreme heat,acid,alkali,salt and oscillation,the stability characteristics of trypsin inhibitor were analyzed in the level of subunit aiming at provide preliminary structural data for further research on the mechanism of the stability of the trypsin inhibitor and provide guidance for beans in the food processing and forage breeding.

摘要： This paper is an overview about some aspects of grinding wheel such as nano-vitrified bond,iron matrix by evaporative pattern casting process,pore-forming vitrified bond,regular distribution of abrasives,self-lubricating braze of monolayer,CFRP and thermotube.It points out that Nano-vitrified bond can not only solve the contradiction between low melting point and high strength of the current vitrified bond,but also has a great significance for widening the application of CBN grinding wheel;Prefoaming of EPS beads,curing and drying time of the beads and mass concentration of organic adhesive PVB have been studied separately;Development of the regular distribution of abrasives contributes a new idea to solve the grinding problem of titanium alloy;Compared to non self-lubricating technology,the grinding temperature is less than 440°C;CFRP grinding wheel is energy-saving,economical and environmental friendly;Thermotube grinding wheel can keep the temperature in grinding arc zone under 100°C.%该文是一篇包括纳米陶瓷结合剂、消失模铸造法制备铸铁基、成孔陶瓷结合剂、磨料有序化排布、自润滑单层钎焊、CFPR、热管等砂轮内容的综述文章.指出:纳米陶瓷结合剂不仅可以解决目前陶瓷结合剂低熔点与高强度之间的矛盾,且对于拓宽cBN砂轮的应用范围具有十分重要的意义;分别研究了EPS珠粒的预发泡、珠粒熟化和干燥时间、有机胶黏剂PVB质量浓度;磨粒有序化排布的发展为解决钛合金磨削问题提供了新的思路;与无自润滑剂相比,磨削温度不超过440°C;CFRP砂轮能减少能源消耗,具有较好的经济环保特性;热管砂轮能将磨削弧区温度控制在100°C以下.

摘要： AIM to determine the relationship between five A3 G gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the incidence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS this association study was designed as a retrospective study, including 657 patients with chronic HBV infection(CHB) and 299 healthy controls. All subjects were ethnic Han Chinese. Chronic HBV-infected patients recruited between 2012 and 2015 at the First Hospital of Jilin University(Changchun) were further classified into HBV-related HCC patients(n = 287) and non-HCC patients(n = 370). Frequency matching by age and sex was performed for each group. Human genomic DNAwas extracted from whole blood. Gene polymorphisms were identified using a mass spectroscopic method.RESULTS there were no significant differences between the genotype and allele frequencies of the rs7291971, rs5757465 and rs5757463 A3 G gene polymorphisms, and risk of CHB and HBV-related HCC. the AG genotype and G allele for rs8177832 were significantly related to a decreased risk of CHB(OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.47-0.96; OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.50-0.95, respectively) and HCC(OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.34-0.84; OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.39-0.87, respectively). A significant relationship was found between rs2011861 computed tomography, tt genotypes and increased risk of HCC(OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.02-2.80; OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.08-3.06, respectively). Haplotype analyses showed three protective and four risk haplotypes for HCC. Also, one protective haplotype was found against CHB.CONCLUSION this study indicates that the A3 G rs8177832 polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of CHB infection and HCC, while the rs2011861 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of HCC.

摘要： AIM To investigate the impact of thymidylate synthase(TYMS), KRAS and BRAF in the survival of metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC) patients treated with chemotherapy. METHODS Clinical data were collected retrospectively from records of consecutive patients with m CRC treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy from 1/2005 to 1/2007. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were retrieved for analysis. TYMS genotypes were identified with restriction fragment analysis PCR, while KRAS and BRAF mutation status was evaluated using real-time PCR assays. TYMS gene polymorphisms of each of the 3' untranslated region(UTR) and 5'UTR were classified into three groups according to the probability they have for high, medium and low TYMS expression(and similar levels of risk) based on evidence from previous studies. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed.RESULTS The analysis recovered 89 patients with m CRC(46.1% de novo metastatic disease and 53.9% relapsed). Of these, 46 patients(51.7%) had colon cancer and 43(48.3%) rectal cancer as primary. All patients were treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy(5FU or capecitabine) as single-agent or in combination with irinotecan or/and oxaliplatin or/and bevacizumab. With a median follow-up time of 14.8 mo(range 0-119.8), 85 patients(95.5%) experienced disease progression, and 63 deaths(70.8%) were recorded. The 3-year and 5-year OS rate was 25.4% and 7.7% while the 3-year progression-free survival rate was 7.1%. Multivariate analysis of TYMS polymorphisms, KRAS and BRAF with clinicopathological parameters indicated that TYMS 3'UTR polymorphisms are associated with risk for disease progression and death(P < 0.05 and P < 0.03 respectively). When compared to tumors without any del allele(genotypes ins/ins and ins/loss of heterozygosity(LOH) linked with high TYMS expression) tumors with del/del genotype(low expression group) and tumors with ins/del or del/LOH(intermediate expression group) have lower risk for disease progression(HR = 0.432, 95%CI: 0.198-0.946, P < 0.04 and HR = 0.513, 95%CI: 0.287-0.919, P < 0.03 respectively) and death(HR = 0.366, 95%CI: 0.162-0.827, P < 0.02 and HR = 0.559, 95%CI: 0.309-1.113, P < 0.06 respectively). Additionally,KRAS mutation was associated independently with the risk of disease progression(HR = 1.600, 95%CI: 1.011-2.531, P < 0.05). The addition of irinotecan in 1st line chemotherapy was associated independently with lower risk for disease progression and death(HR = 0.600, 95%CI: 0.372-0.969, P < 0.04 and HR = 0.352, 95%CI: 0.164-0.757, P < 0.01 respectively).CONCLUSION The TYMS genotypes ins/ins and ins/LOH associate with worst prognosis in m CRC patients under fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Large prospective studies are needed for validation of our findings.

摘要： 目的:获得中国红小豆(Vigna angularis)栽培品种胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)的含量、多型性及稳定性,为其科学利用提供依据. 方法:采用抑制胰蛋白酶活性及明胶-PAGE活性显色方法对中国17种红小豆栽培品种TI的含量、多型性及酸热稳定性进行分析. 结果:中国红小豆栽培品种TI含量范围为236.0～541.1TIU/g,平均含量为410.8TIU/g;京农21、辽引红豆、XD1含量最高,分别为541.1、531.5、528.3TIU/g.红小豆有7种TI(A1-A7),以A4为主,A2、A6次之;品种间TI数量、丰度存在一定差异,产地北京的京农21有A2,产地吉林白城的A2含量极低.红小豆TI提取液经沸水处理30min或piH1.5处理5h可以保持90％以上的活性,明胶-PAGE活性染色亦表明有酶活性. 结论:红小豆TI含量较高,平均达410.8TIU/g;红小豆有7种TI,品种间TI数量、丰度存在一定差异;红小豆TI耐热耐酸,沸水处理30min或pH1.5处理5h可以保持90％以上的活性.

摘要： 目的:获得中国红小豆(Vigna angularis)栽培品种胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)的含量、多型性及稳定性,为其科学利用提供依据. 方法:采用抑制胰蛋白酶活性及明胶-PAGE活性显色方法对中国17种红小豆栽培品种TI的含量、多型性及酸热稳定性进行分析. 结果:中国红小豆栽培品种TI含量范围为236.0～541.1TIU/g,平均含量为410.8TIU/g;京农21、辽引红豆、XD1含量最高,分别为541.1、531.5、528.3TIU/g.红小豆有7种TI(A1-A7),以A4为主,A2、A6次之;品种间TI数量、丰度存在一定差异,产地北京的京农21有A2,产地吉林白城的A2含量极低.红小豆TI提取液经沸水处理30min或pH1.5处理5h可以保持90％以上的活性,明胶-PAGE活性染色亦表明有酶活性. 结论:红小豆TI含量较高,平均达410.8TIU/g;红小豆有7种TI,品种间TI数量、丰度存在一定差异;红小豆TI耐热耐酸,沸水处理30min或pH1.5处理5h可以保持90％以上的活性.

摘要： 本发明提供能带来显影后附着力和分辨率优异的抗蚀图案以及优异的抗蚀层形状的抗蚀剂固化物的制造方法、负型感光性树脂层压体、以及负型感光性树脂层压体的使用方法。本发明的抗蚀剂固化物的制造方法，其包括如下工序：层压体形成工序：形成至少由支撑体(A)、负型感光性树脂层(B)和基板(C)层压而成的负型感光性树脂层压体；曝光工序：使用投影光掩模像的光并隔着透镜，对该负型感光性树脂层(B)进行曝光；显影工序：通过显影除去该负型感光性树脂层(B)的未曝光部分，形成由该负型感光性树脂层(B)的固化部分组成的抗蚀剂固化物；该负型感光性树脂层(B)在波长365nm下的透光率为25％以上50％以下。

摘要： 本发明提供一种用于被组装到曲轴上的贯通孔部分被断裂分离成近半圆的连杆的制造所适合的、断裂分离性优异的轧制材。满足规定的成分，在观察棒状轧制材的相对于纵长方向的平行截面的D/4部(D是轧制材的直径)时，硫化物系夹杂物的平均长宽比为10.0以下，并且，由下式(1)表示的Pc为0.41～0.75，并且，由下式(2)表示的Veq为0.18质量％以上。Pc＝C/(1-α/100)…(1)，(式(1)中，C表示钢中碳含量(质量％)，α表示铁素体分率(面积％))，Veq＝V+Ti/2+Si/20…(2)，(式(2)中，V、Ti、Si表示钢中的各元素的含量(质量％))。

摘要： 一种超薄型吸收片体(1a)，是在第1无纺布(2)的一面通过热熔粘合剂粘接吸水性树脂粉末(3)，使之存在吸水性树脂粉末存在区域(2c)和吸水性树脂粉末非存在区域(2a)，(2b)而形成的超薄型吸收片体(1a)，上述吸水性树脂粉末非存在区域存在于超薄型吸收片体宽度方向的两端部(2a)，同时在该两端部之间至少存在1处(2b)，上述吸水性树脂粉末(3)通过在第1无纺布(2)上侧且吸水性树脂粉末(3)下侧形成的第1热熔粘合剂层(S1)，和覆盖吸水性树脂粉末存在区域(2c)和吸水性树脂粉末非存在区域(2a)、(2b)上侧地形成的第2热熔粘合剂层(S2)与第1无纺布(2)接合，上述第1热熔粘合剂层(S1)和第2热熔粘合剂层(S2)都是线状热熔粘合剂的聚集体。

摘要： 形成于外装体的襞在纵向上笔直地延伸，不但美观性和透气性优异，而且弹性伸缩部件的回拉防止性也优异。上述课题通过短裤型一次性尿布的制造方法得到了解决，该短裤型一次性尿布的制造方法的特征在于，在形成伸缩区域时，一边在MD方向上输送内侧层(21)和外侧层(22)，一边对内侧层(21)的外表面和外侧层(22)的内表面双方以在MD方向上间断的相同的竖条纹状图案分别涂敷粘接剂(71)，然后，以使内侧层(21)的粘接剂(71)的MD方向位置和外侧层(22)的粘接剂(71)的MD方向位置对准的方式将内侧层(21)和外侧层(22)贴合在一起，同时沿着MD方向连续地将弹性伸缩部件(19)夹在内侧层(21)和外侧层(22)之间，利用粘接剂(71)将弹性伸缩部件(19)固定于内侧层(21)和外侧层(22)。

摘要： 本发明提供能带来显影后附着力和分辨率优异的抗蚀图案以及优异的抗蚀层形状的抗蚀剂固化物的制造方法、负型感光性树脂层压体、以及负型感光性树脂层压体的使用方法。本发明的抗蚀剂固化物的制造方法，其包括如下工序：层压体形成工序：形成至少由支撑体(A)、负型感光性树脂层(B)和基板(C)层压而成的负型感光性树脂层压体；曝光工序：使用投影光掩模像的光并隔着透镜，对该负型感光性树脂层(B)进行曝光；显影工序：通过显影除去该负型感光性树脂层(B)的未曝光部分，形成由该负型感光性树脂层(B)的固化部分组成的抗蚀剂固化物；该负型感光性树脂层(B)在波长365nm下的透光率为25％以上50％以下。

摘要： 本发明提供一种用于被组装到曲轴上的贯通孔部分被断裂分离成近半圆的连杆的制造所适合的、断裂分离性优异的轧制材。满足规定的成分，在观察棒状轧制材的相对于纵长方向的平行截面的D/4部(D是轧制材的直径)时，硫化物系夹杂物的平均长宽比为10.0以下，并且，由下式(1)表示的Pc为0.41～0.75，并且，由下式(2)表示的Veq为0.18质量％以上。Pc＝C/(1－α/100)…(1)，(式(1)中，C表示钢中碳含量(质量％)，α表示铁素体分率(面积％))，Veq＝V+Ti/2+Si/20…(2)，(式(2)中，V、Ti、Si表示钢中的各元素的含量(质量％))。

摘要： 一种超薄型吸收片体1a,是在第1无纺布2的一面通过热熔粘合剂粘接吸水性树脂粉末3,使之存在吸水性树脂粉末存在区域2c和吸水性树脂粉末非存在区域2a,2b而形成的超薄型吸收片体1a,上述吸水性树脂粉末非存在区域存在于超薄型吸收片体宽度方向的两端部(2a),同时在该两端部之间至少存在1处(2b),上述吸水性树脂粉末3通过在第1无纺布2上侧且吸水性树脂粉末3下侧形成的第1热熔粘合剂层S1,和覆盖吸水性树脂粉末存在区域2c和吸水性树脂粉末非存在区域2a、2b上侧地形成的第2热熔粘合剂层S2与第1无纺布2接合,上述第1热熔粘合剂层S1和第2热熔粘合剂层S2都是线状热熔粘合剂的聚集体。

摘要： 形成于外装体的襞在纵向上笔直地延伸，不但美观性和透气性优异，而且弹性伸缩部件的回拉防止性也优异。上述课题通过短裤型一次性尿布的制造方法得到了解决，该短裤型一次性尿布的制造方法的特征在于，在形成伸缩区域时，一边在MD方向上输送内侧层(21)和外侧层(22)，一边对内侧层(21)的外表面和外侧层(22)的内表面双方以在MD方向上间断的相同的竖条纹状图案分别涂敷粘接剂(71)，然后，以使内侧层(21)的粘接剂(71)的MD方向位置和外侧层(22)的粘接剂(71)的MD方向位置对准的方式将内侧层(21)和外侧层(22)贴合在一起，同时沿着MD方向连续地将弹性伸缩部件(19)夹在内侧层(21)和外侧层(22)之间，利用粘接剂(71)将弹性伸缩部件(19)固定于内侧层(21)和外侧层(22)。

摘要： 本发明涉及正型感光性树脂组成物、正型感光性干薄膜及其制造方法、图案形成方法。本发明的课题是为了提供在碱水溶液中为可溶，不会损及保护被膜的机械特性、密接性等优良的特征并能获得高分辨率，且即使在低温硬化时，机械特性、对基板的密接性仍良好的正型感光性树脂组成物、正型感光性干薄膜。该课题的解决手段是一种正型感光性树脂组成物，其特征为含有：(A)含有选自聚酰亚胺结构、聚酰胺结构、聚苯并噁唑结构、聚酰胺酰亚胺结构、它们的前驱物结构中的至少1种以上的结构的碱可溶性树脂，(B)具有环化聚合而成的结构单元的高分子化合物，及(C)因光而产生酸并使其对碱水溶液的溶解速度增加的感光剂，且具有重氮醌结构的化合物。

摘要： 本发明涉及含有聚酰亚胺的聚合物、正型感光性树脂组成物、负型感光性树脂组成物及图案形成方法。本发明的课题为提供溶剂溶解性良好且可溶于碱性水溶液中，又可形成微细图案且能获得高分辨率的正型感光性树脂组成物及负型感光性树脂组成物；可使用作为它们的基础树脂的含有聚酰亚胺的聚合物；以及使用了上述组成物的图案形成方法及硬化被膜形成方法。上述课题的解决手段为一种聚合物，其特征为：包含下列通式(1)表示的结构单元。式中，X1为4价的有机基团，Z1为2价的有机基团，k＝1～3的整数。