solidification

摘要： To further improve the metallurgical quality of electroslag remelting,remove the large inclusions in electroslag ingot and refine the solidification structure of electroslag ingot,an electroslag remelting furnace with electromagnetic stirring was designed,and the influence of different magnetic induction intensities on metallurgical quality of GCr15 electroslag ingot was studied.Inclusions with different sizes and types were analyzed by an ASPEX scanning electron microscope,and the morphology and composition of inclusions were further observed by a JSM-6510LV scanning electron microscope.The distribution of alloying elements on the cross section of electroslag ingot was analyzed by original position analysis(OPA).The results show that whether or not electromagnetic stirring is used,the inclusions in electroslag ingot are mainly composed of Al_(2)O_(3),MnS,MnS-oxide and other oxides,among which Al_(2)O_(3) is the most.Compared with an electroslag ingot without electromagnetic stirring,the number of inclusions decreases considerably,and the proportion of small inclusions increases while the proportion of large inclusions decreases when the electromagnetic stirring with remelting current of 1.1 kA and magnetic induction intensity of 62 Gs is applied.However,excessive electromagnetic force will cause the number and diameter of inclusions to increase again.Electromagnetic stirring has different effects on the segregation of different elements.Under the experimental conditions,the weak electromagnetic force with 1.1 kA and magnetic induction intensity of 108 Gs has little effect on the segregation of C,but decreases the segregation of P,and the excessive electromagnetic force aggravates the segregation of alloy elements.

摘要： The DD33 superalloy with ultra-low nitrogen (N) content was prepared by vacuum induced melting, and the effect of N on micro-pores in the DD33 single crystal nickel-base superalloy during solidification and homogenization was investigated by in-situ X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Results indicate that the volume fraction of micro-pores, including shrinkage pores and gas pores, increases from 0.08% to 0.11% with increasing N content from 5 ppm to 45 ppm during solidification. Correspondingly, the level of micro-pores in the sample with high N content is higher than that in the sample with low N content during homogenization at 1,330 °C for different time periods. However, the evolution behaviors of gas pores is different from that of shrinkage pores during solidification and homogenization. The number of gas pores is obviously larger in the high N sample during solidification, while the number of shrinkage pores and gas pores is almost the same in both samples after 1 h homogenization. Quantitative results show that the annihilation of micro-pores is associated with bubble diffusion, while the growth behavior of micro-pores during further exposure is dominated by Kirkendall-Frenkel effect.

摘要： The liquid phase separation behavior and the evolution of the solidification microstructure of a binary Cu_(50)Fe_(50) alloy were investigated under the conditions of without and with a 10 T magnetic field,with different undercooling during the solidification process.Results show that the combined effect of Stokes motion and Marangoni convection leads to the formation of the core-shell structure under the condition without the magnetic field.In addition,specific gravity segregation is reinforced by increasing the undercooling,resulting in Fe-rich phase drifts towards the sample edge.In the 10 T magnetic field,the Fe-rich phase is elongated in the parallel direction of the magnetic field under the action of demagnetization energy due to the difference of static magnetic energy and surface energy.In the vertical direction,through the action of Lorentz force,the convection in the melt is inhibited and Fe-rich phase becomes more dispersed.Meanwhile,the diffusion of the two phases and the coagulation of the Fe-rich phases are also restrained under the magnetic field,therefore,the phase volume fraction of the Fe-rich phase decreases at the same undercooling in the 10 T magnetic field.The magnetic field inhibits the segregation behavior in the vertical direction of the magnetic field,and at the same time,improves the gravitational segregation to a certain extent,which has a very important impact on microstructure regulation.

摘要： High Explosive Anti-Tank(HEAT) warheads and ammunitions are frequently produced by explosive casting inside an axis-symmetric mold with an inverted conical geometry in the basis. In order to prevent manufacturing defects, the solidification process must be controlled. In this study, a dimensionless solidification model has been proposed to investigate the heat transfer considering the natural convection inside the liquid explosive and the numerical simulations were performed by using COMSOL Multiphysics and Modeling Software, employing trinitrotoluene(TNT) thermophysical properties. The effect of three different boundary conditions on the top of the mold have been evaluated: convection, adiabatic and isothermal. It has been observed that solidification process was faster for convection case and slower for isothermal case, while an intermediary total solidification time value was found for adiabatic case.Moreover, liquid explosive was completely surrounded by solid explosive during the solidification process for convection case and also for adiabatic case through the end of the process. Otherwise, it was not observed for isothermal case. The natural convection effects promoted a vortex inside the liquid explosive, accelerating the heat transfer process. It has been concluded that isothermal mold top boundary condition should be preferred to prevent manufacturing defects, avoiding high thermal stress.

摘要： Simuldte Mold-filling and Solidification Processes Perspect Casting and Mold System ForeCBSt Casting DefectsOptimizes the casting process adopting the state of the art numerical simulation technologies of mold filling and solidification process。More than thirty years of development。More than 2,000 licenses used in about 600 foundries and 50 universities of China。

摘要： Extraction of uranium from radioactive waste-water is of significant importance for environmental protection and the recovery of uranium resource.Different from the previous reports to use the solid absorbent/photocatalyst for U(VI)removal,herein,we proposed a new eco-friendly method for the rapid and selective extraction of uranium from aqueous solutions under visible light without solid materials.At optimal pH value and in the presence of organics like alcohols,the U(VI)could be extracted efficiently to form brown uranium solid over wide uranium concentrations under anaerobic condition and visible light,by utilizing the excitation of the given U(VI)species.With comprehensive modelling of the electronic ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)properties,it is proved that pH adjusting towards U(VI)could induce efficient ligand-to-metal-charge-transfer(LMCT)within the uranyl complex under visible light and the reduction of U(VI)to form U(V),which can be transformed into U(IV)via disproportionation reaction.The resulting U(IV)in solid phase makes the extraction much more convenient in operation.More importantly,the excellent selectivity for uranium extraction over interfering alkali metal ions,transition metal ions and the lanthanide metal ions shows a powerful application potential.

摘要： Twin roll casting was commercialized for a strip production from ferrous and non-ferrous alloys in the 1950 s;however,its application to magnesium has proven difficult and still creates major challenges.This report describes global efforts in expanding manufacturing capabilities of magnesium sheet through twin roll casting path,offering many benefits,including a reduction in number of processing steps and energy savings.In addition to hardware design,alloy transformation during processing,product microstructure and properties,examples of successful solutions along with present technology and knowledge limitations are discussed.A particular attention is paid to developments at Canmet MATERIALS,having the only in North America pilot scale twin roll casting facility,devoted to magnesium.Efforts are described that aim at design of new magnesium alloys,which could take advantage of unique processing conditions during twin roll casting and contribute to the overall progress in magnesium sheet manufacturing.

摘要： Liquid permeability of the mushy zone is important for porosity formation during the solidification process. In order to investigate the permeability of the mushy zone, an integrated model was developed by combining the phase field model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The three-dimensional multigrain dendrite morphology was obtained by using the phase field model. Subsequently, the computer-aided design (CAD) geometry and mesh were generated based on calculated dendrite morphologies. Finally, the permeability of the dendritic mushy zone was obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations in ANSYS Fluent software. As an example, the dendritic mushy zone permeability of Al-4.5wt%Cu alloy and its relationship with the solid fractions were studied in detail. The predicted permeability data can be input to the solidification model on a greater length scale for macro segregation and porosity simulations.

摘要： High-quality solidification microstructure during directional solidification relies on precise temperature gradient control, so accurate calculation of the temperature field is critical. In this study, a 3D transient global heat transfer model of directional solidification by the Bridgman method based on the finite difference method is developed. The radiation heat in this model is calculated by the discrete transfer method, and a modified method of external surface area for irregular geometric models is proposed to reduce the zigzag shape caused by finite difference grids. Considering the radiative heat transfer between any surface elements of all materials in the directional solidification furnace, a dynamic ray tracing algorithm is developed to simulate the entire process of directional solidification. Then, the simulated results are compared with the theoretical results and experimental results, respectively. Finally, based on the present model and method, the simulation program developed is applied to the directional solidification of actual castings. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which indicate that the model and method developed in this study is effective and practical.