size

摘要： The human body is populated by a large number of microbial colonies,with an estimated 10-100 trillion microbes.The total genome size of human microbial colonies by far overwhelms the size of the host’s genome.This heterogenous group of microbial colonies(primarily bacteria,but also archaea,eukaryotes and viruses)is referred to with the term microbiota,and although most of them populate the gut,microbes are also detectable in many other organs of the body,especially in the distal tracts of the genitourinary system and the skin.Over the last years,an increasing amount of evidence has been accumulated on how the microbiota exerts a significant influence on the development and physiology of the human body.

摘要： DEAR EDITOR,The Tibetan macaque(Macaca thibetana)is an endemic species in China belonging to the sinica group in the genus Macaca.Within the genus,it is the largest in body size and has a wide geographic distribution,with a population size second only to rhesus macaques(M.mulatta).Here,using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C technology,we assembled the first chromosome-level genome of the Tibetan macaque,with a size of 2.82 Gb,contig N50 of 48.75 Mb,and scaffold N50 of 150.62 Mb,anchored to 22 chromosomes.

摘要： Progress has been made in accurately manipulating the size and shape of monodisperse nanocrystals over past 30 years.In 1993,Bawendi et al.synthesized monodisperse CdS,CdSe and CdTe nanocrystals with similar size by a hot-injec-tion method[1].After two years,they prepared CdSe nanocrys-tal superlattices by self-assembling method with two distinct morphologies:faceted colloidal crystals and ordered thin films.The size and spacing of nanocrystals were controlled with a nearly atomic precision[2].Then,engineering morpho-logy,interaction and surrounding environment are encour-aged to construct superlattices at atomic scale.Meanwhile,the advanced technologies like electron microscopy and X-ray related tools help scientists to deeply understand the struc-tures and properties of nanocrystal superlattices[3].Com-pared to individual nanocrystal,their superlattices indicate col-lective properties due to coupling between nanocrystals[4].For instance,their original properties are enhanced because the ordered nanocrystals interact with each other under the light,electric or magnetic field;new properties can be gener-ated by the periodically ordered structures of the assembly;and comprehensive properties can be obtained via assem-bling nanocrystals with different functions.

摘要： A recently proposed octahedral spherical hohlraum with six laser entrance holes(LEHs)is an attractive concept for an upgraded laser facility aiming at a predictable and reproducible fusion gain with a simple target design.However,with the laser energies available at present,LEH size can be a critical issue.Owing to the uncertainties in simulation results,the LEH size should be determined on the basis of experimental evidence.However,determination of LEH size of an ignition target at a small-scale laser facility poses difficulties.In this paper,we propose to use the prepulse of an ignition pulse to determine the LEH size for ignition-scale hohlraums via LEH closure behavior,and we present convincing evidence from multiple diagnostics at the SGIII facility with ignition-scale hohlraum,laser prepulse,and laser beam size.The LEH closure observed in our experiment is in agreement with data from the National Ignition Facility.The total LEH area of the octahedral hohlraum is found to be very close to that of a cylindrical hohlraum,thus successfully demonstrating the feasibility of the octahedral hohlraum in terms of laser energy,which is crucially important for sizing an ignition-scale octahedrally configured laser system.This work provides a novel way to determine the LEH size of an ignition target at a small-scale laser facility,and it can be applied to other hohlraum configurations for the indirect drive approach.

摘要： BACKGROUND Hyperplastic polyps are considered non-neoplastic, whereas sessile serrated lesions(SSLs) are precursors of cancer via the ‘‘serrated neoplastic pathway’’. The clinical features of SSLs are tumor size(> 5 mm), location in the proximal colon, coverage with abundant mucus called the ‘‘mucus cap’’, indistinct borders, and a cloud-like surface. The features in magnifying narrow-band imaging are varicose microvascular vessels and expanded crypt openings. However, accurate diagnosis is often difficult.AIM To develop a diagnostic score system for SSLs.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic resection during colonoscopy at the Toyoshima endoscopy clinic. We collected data on serrated polyps diagnosed by endoscopic or pathological examination. The significant factors for the diagnosis of SSLs were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Each item that was significant in multivariate analysis was assigned 1 point, with the sum of these points defined as the endoscopic SSL diagnosis score. The optimal cut-off value of the endoscopic SSL diagnosis score was determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS Among 1288 polyps that were endoscopically removed, we analyzed 232 diagnosed as serrated polyps by endoscopic or pathological examination. In the univariate analysis, the location(proximal colon), size(> 5 mm), mucus cap, indistinct borders, cloud-like surface, and varicose microvascular vessels were significantly associated with the diagnosis of SSLs. In the multivariate analysis, size(> 5 mm;P = 0.033), mucus cap(P = 0.005), and indistinct borders(P = 0.033) were independently associated with the diagnosis of SSLs. Size > 5 mm, mucus cap, and indistinct borders were assigned 1 point each and the sum of these points was defined as the endoscopic SSL diagnosis score. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed an optimal cut-off score of 3, which predicted pathological SSLs with 75% sensitivity, 80% specificity, and 78.4% accuracy. The pathological SSL rate for an endoscopic SSL diagnosis score of 3 was significantly higher than that for an endoscopic SSL diagnosis score of 0, 1, or 2(P 5 mm, mucus cap, and indistinct borders were significant endoscopic features for the diagnosis of SSLs. Serrated polyps with these three features should be removed during colonoscopy.

摘要： Seed size, an important agronomic trait determining crop yield, is regulated by multiple plant hormones. Jasmonate(JA) is a key phytohormone required for various plant defenses and diverse developmental processes. Here, we defined an essential role for JA in control of seed size. Through comprehensive analysis of genetic mutants in JA pathway, we showed that seed size was repressed by positive components in JA pathway including COI1, MYC2(and its homologues), MED25 and JAR1, but promoted by JA signaling repressor JAZ proteins such as JAZ6. We further demonstrated that exogenous application of JA suppressed seed size in a COI1-dependent manner. Our results reveal that JA signaling represses seed size and negatively regulates integument cell proliferation. Elucidation of jasmonate action in seed size control would advance our understanding of inner mechanism of seed size regulation.

摘要： Dear editor,The classical final size relation of the standard susceptibleinfected-recovered(SIR)epidemic model is based on homogeneous-mixing population[1,2].Recent results have demonstrated the generality of the classical SIR final size relation[3].However,even for an SIR epidemic in static configuration-type networks,the classical final size relation may be violated.Therefore,it is still an important problem to understand how the basic reproduction number,R0,and the final size,Z,of disease related to each other on networks[4].This study aims to clarify the relationship between them.

摘要： Nanoparticles,clusters and single-atoms constitute the major types of metal catalysts.The size variation of metal species,known as size effect in heterogeneous catalysts,not only changed the geometric and electronic structure of metal atoms,but also altered their anchoring strength with the immobilizing supports,showing distinctively varied activities.A gradual accumulation of large amounts of experimental data and theoretical calculations has unambitiously verified that the size of the metal species played a crucial role in determining the catalytic performance with respect to the geometric and electronic structures of active sites.

摘要： When am I ever going to use this?GEARS Gears are used in objects thathave spinning parts,such as bicycles and pendulum clocks.Suppose you have a larger gear that has 80 teeth beingturned by a smaller gear that has 20 teeth.The comparison of the size of the larger gear to the size of the smaller gear is called a gear ratio.

摘要： Understanding the assembly and spatial arrangement of bamboo cell wall components is crucial for its optimal utilization.Bamboo cell walls consist of aggregates of cellulose microfibrils and matrix.In the present study,the size and arrangement of cellulose microfibril aggregates in the cell walls of sclerenchyma fibers and parenchyma cells in moso bamboo were investigated with NMR and FE-SEM.The NMR measurement showed that the characteristic sizes of the microfibril aggregates of fibers and parenchyma cells were approximately 25.8 nm and 18.8 nm,respectively.Furthermore,high-resolution SEM showed the size of microfibril aggregates varied little across the cell wall of sclerenchyma fiber.However,there were significant size differences between the broad and narrow lamellae both in fiber and parenchyma cells,which is thought to be closely related to the orientation of microfibrils in these layers.The microfibril aggregates in the fibers mainly appear in a random arrangement,although occasionally in a radial or tangential arrangement in individual cell.Parenchyma cells have a relatively thinner cell wall layers,in which microfibril aggregates appear in a concentric lamellar arrangement.

摘要： 本发明属于CT技术领域，具体涉及一种CT探测器Gap_Size校准板及其校准方法、校准总成。其中，CT探测器Gap_Size校准板，所述CT探测器包括沿X向排布的多列探测器模块，每列探测器模块包括沿Z向排布的数片闪烁晶体片，所述校准板包括板体，板体具有沿其长度方向分布的阵列式罅隙，每一罅隙至CT探测器的投影区域至少覆盖两列探测器模块；罅隙的第一侧为沿Z向延伸的斜面结构，以使罅隙至对应的一列探测器模块的投影从完全覆盖至完全不覆盖相应的闪烁晶体片。本发明无需CT扫描架旋转，完全去除焦点漂移以及机架和探测器机械变形产生的影响；也无需进行非线性最优化求解，不存在求解困难的问题。

摘要： 本发明属于CT技术领域，具体涉及一种CT探测器Gap_Size校准板及其校准方法、校准总成。其中，CT探测器Gap_Size校准板，所述CT探测器包括沿X向排布的多列探测器模块，每列探测器模块包括沿Z向排布的数片闪烁晶体片，所述校准板包括板体，板体具有沿其长度方向分布的阵列式罅隙，每一罅隙至CT探测器的投影区域至少覆盖两列探测器模块；罅隙的第一侧为沿Z向延伸的斜面结构，以使罅隙至对应的一列探测器模块的投影从完全覆盖至完全不覆盖相应的闪烁晶体片。本发明无需CT扫描架旋转，完全去除焦点漂移以及机架和探测器机械变形产生的影响；也无需进行非线性最优化求解，不存在求解困难的问题。

摘要： 本实用新型涉及船舶主机维护保养工具技术领域，且公开了一种用于Size3型ICU测试的转接工具，包括转接工具本体，所述转接工具本体上设有螺纹孔一、螺纹孔三、螺纹孔二、通孔一和通孔二，所述转接工具本体顶部的右侧设有密封圈接口一，所述密封圈接口一内安装有与Size3型号ICU连接唇边适配的密封圈一，所述转接工具本体底部右侧的中部设有密封圈接口二。该用于Size3型ICU测试的转接工具，可以把Size3型号的ICU直接安装在按照Size2型号的ICU设计的测试台上，可以避免使用多根共轨管安装不同型号的ICU，也避免了频繁拆除增压单元与共轨管之间的连接管路造成测试管路泄漏的风险，可以高效的测试不同型号的ICU产品。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种动态调整Batch‑size的神经网络分布式训练方法，涉及计算机神经网络分布式训练技术领域，该方法从处理训练数据集的角度出发，对于分布式集群中的每一计算节点，根据其计算力，动态调整Batch‑size和子数据集的划分。从而实现分布式训练集群的负载均衡处理。动态调整Batch‑size的分布式神经网络训练方法不仅可以充分利用各个计算节点的计算能力，还能保证各个计算节点完成本地数据集训练的时间大致相同，从而减少集群的同步开销，提高神经网络分布式训练效率，减少神经网络训练时间。

摘要： 本发明实施例提供一种PRB bundling size的指示方法和用户终端，该方法包括：接收基站发送的DCI，所述DCI包括TPMI，所述DCI包括的TPMI的数量隐式指示PRB bundling size；根据获取的所述DCI包括的TPMI的数量，以及所述用户终端的调度带宽，确定所述PRB bundling size。由于隐式指示PRB bundling size，从而可以降低DCI的开销，且可以明确PRB bundling size，这样可以避免PRB bundling size不明确带来的性能恶化的影响，以提高用户终端的性能。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于双端读数insert size分布的contig错误连接区域识别方法，包括以下步骤：1)输入contigs集合和双端读数文库，使用序列比对工具将双端读数文库的双端读数比对到contigs集合上，得到比对结果；2)根据比对结果，得到双端支持稀疏的区域；将这些区域作为错误连接的候选区域；3)并通过双端读数的分布检验对候选区域进行延伸，最终通过区域长度判定候选区域是否是错误连接位置；4)确定错误连接区域的边界。本发明方法具有较高的准确度，通过错误位点切割能够明显减少contig中的拼接错误，有效地提高了contig的质量。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于双端读数insert size统计特征的scaffolding方法，首先对双端读数比对到contig上的噪音进行预处理。接着构建scaffold图，图中每个节点代表一个contig；基于insert size分布估计两个节点之间比对上双端读数的期望值；再根据两个节点之间比对上双端读数的实际个数和期望值，确定两个节点之间是否存在边以及边的权重。然后采用迭代和线性规划的方法解决scaffold图中可能存在的冲突。最后利用广度优先遍历算法从scaffold图中确定scaffold。本发明简单易用，在不同的真实数据上表现出良好的scaffolding结果，较其它scaffolding方法具有更高的准确性。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种动态调整Batch‑size的神经网络分布式训练方法，涉及计算机神经网络分布式训练技术领域，该方法从处理训练数据集的角度出发，对于分布式集群中的每一计算节点，根据其计算力，动态调整Batch‑size和子数据集的划分。从而实现分布式训练集群的负载均衡处理。动态调整Batch‑size的分布式神经网络训练方法不仅可以充分利用各个计算节点的计算能力，还能保证各个计算节点完成本地数据集训练的时间大致相同，从而减少集群的同步开销，提高神经网络分布式训练效率，减少神经网络训练时间。

摘要： 本发明实施例提供一种PRB bundling size的指示方法和用户终端，该方法包括：接收基站发送的DCI，所述DCI包括TPMI，所述DCI包括的TPMI的数量隐式指示PRB bundling size；根据获取的所述DCI包括的TPMI的数量，以及所述用户终端的调度带宽，确定所述PRB bundling size。由于隐式指示PRB bundling size，从而可以降低DCI的开销，且可以明确PRB bundling size，这样可以避免PRB bundling size不明确带来的性能恶化的影响，以提高用户终端的性能。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于双端读数insert size统计特征的scaffolding方法，首先对双端读数比对到contig上的噪音进行预处理。接着构建scaffold图，图中每个节点代表一个contig；基于insert size分布估计两个节点之间比对上双端读数的期望值；再根据两个节点之间比对上双端读数的实际个数和期望值，确定两个节点之间是否存在边以及边的权重。然后采用迭代和线性规划的方法解决scaffold图中可能存在的冲突。最后利用广度优先遍历算法从scaffold图中确定scaffold。本发明简单易用，在不同的真实数据上表现出良好的scaffolding结果，较其它scaffolding方法具有更高的准确性。