season

摘要： After Beijing was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games on July 31,2015,winter sports started gaining traction among the general public in China,jumpstarting the winter sports economy.In winter 2015,the Chongli Skiing Resort in Zhangjiakou,a co-host of the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games,opened for its first snow season after Beijing was awarded the Winter Olympic Games.Chongli,the seat of a former impoverished county,welcomed over 2 million visitors during the season and earned 1.4 billion yuan(US$215 million)in direct revenues.

摘要： Based on the monitoring data of chemical oxygen demand(COD),permanganate index(I Mn)and five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5)of surface water in Tongling section of Yangtze River,the linear relationship among the three indexes in the annual data analysis and the internal reasons,as well as the linear relationship and changes among the three indexes in different seasons were analyzed.The results reveal that in terms of the whole year,COD,I Mn and BOD 5 had a significant correlation and good linear relationship.The fitting slopes of the three indexes were 3.89 of COD/I Mn,4.39 of COD/BOD 5 and 1.16 of I Mn/BOD 5,respectively,which corresponded to the proportional relationship among the three indexes.From the perspective of seasonal changes,there was a very significant correlation between the three indexes in spring and summer.In autumn and winter,only COD and I Mn had a good correlation,but they had a poor correlation with BOD 5.

摘要： The concept of foraging niche provides an insight into habitat use and dietary information of animals.Knowing intraspecific variation in foraging niche and trophic level is critical to the understanding of the species response to environmental changes during the process of range expansion,as well as the habitat management for conservation of threatened species.Using stable isotopic values of eggshell membranes(δ;C andδ;N),we examined whether there are differences in habitat use,trophic level,foraging niche width between the new and old breeding habitats(plains vs.mountains)of wild Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)in the early breeding season.Crested Ibis exhibited high variability in bothδ;C andδ;N values,δ;C andδ;N varied as a function of habitat types.Birds breeding in plains had significantly higherδ;C but lowerδ;N values compared to the birds breeding in mountains.Higherδ;N suggested that individuals in mountains consumed a great proportion of higher trophic level prey species in the early breeding season.Moreover,the isotopic niches were distinctly different in positions and showed small overlap between the two habitat types.The niche width was wider in old habitat than in the expanded new habitat.Our results demonstrated that the wild Crested Ibis had a high intraspecific variation in habitat uses and trophic levels in the early breeding season,and they could be divided into mountain and plain groups based on their different foraging niches.The difference inδ;N and niche width revealed that high trophic level food resources might be insufficient in plains.These findings stressed the importance of protecting foraging grounds in mountains and the necessity of improving foraging grounds in plains during winter and spring.Our study highlights the feasibility of investigating intraspecific variation in foraging ecology of birds through non-invasive isotopes of eggshell membranes.Understanding foraging niche variation gives us an insight into the food resource diversity in local areas and provides important information regarding particular foraging habitats that require protection.

摘要： Objective:To measure the seasonal effect on endocrinological profiles and sex behavioural profiles during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat in Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India.Methods:Ten adult male Andaman local goats were selected from the goat breeding farm,ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute,Port Blair,Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India.Endocrinological profiles such as follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone,thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),cortisol and prolactin were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Sex behavioural profiles such as libido score,mating ability score and sex behavioural score were measured during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat.Results:Endocrinological profiles as well as sex behavioural profiles differed significantly between rainy season and dry summer season(P<0.05).The levels of FSH,LH,testosterone,TSH,T3,and T4 were significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season whereas cortisol and prolactin were significantly higher in dry summer season than in rainy season(P<0.05).The ratio of T3:T4 was significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season.Similarly,libido score,mating ability score and sex behavioural score were significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season(P<0.05).Conclusions:Rainy season has significantly higher beneficial effects than summer season on reproduction and artificial breeding programmes in semi-intensive management of goat under the tropical humid island ecosystem in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

摘要： Raising Min pigs(MPs)in northern China is challenging,because of harsh environmental conditions in winter.There is a hypothesis that MPs can tolerate cold stress better than Large White pigs(LWPs)and their oocyte competence is particularly protected.Over a period of 3 years,multiple cohorts of MPs and LWPs under different environmental conditions were studied in this paper.Follistatin(FST)serum level was used as a marker for swine oocyte competence.Oocytes were collected from the swine and their maturation rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate were measured.Lastly,mRNA expression in ovary and longissimus dorsi for the genes FST,luteinizing hormone receptor(LHR)and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRP)was measured.Under cold stress,serum follistatin concentrations of both LWPs and MPs were markedly increased,and they were more in LWPs than in MPs.However,oocyte competence was found to be unaffected by cold stress in MPs.It was found that in a separate group of LWPs,oocyte competence was lower in samples collected in winter than that in other seasons.Interestingly,follistatin levels in the follicular fluid of MPs showed no change with cold stress,and serum follistatin levels were increased in sows.Gene expression analysis showed a significant reduction in FST,LHR and CIRP expressions under cold stress in longissimus dorsi,but not in the ovaries.It was found that MPs were better able to maintain oocyte competence under cold stress,which might be due to improved regulation of follistatin in follicular fluid,and MPs appeared likely an adaptation to the harsh conditions that they faced under domestication in northern China.

摘要： 纪录片《无穷之路》播出后,收获口碑与好评。时隔一年,《无穷之路》第二季来了。本季纪录片将聚焦环保,讲述人们守护大自然的生态故事。“In the new season of TVB documen⁃tary No Poverty Land,the production team?s main theme changes from the fight against poverty to environmental protection,”Chan said,who still acts as a guide for audiences in the documentary.

摘要： Assessing rangeland productivity is critical to reduce ecological degradation and promote sustainable livestock management.Here,we estimated biomass productivity and carrying capacity dynamics in the Borana rangeland of southern Ethiopia by using field-based data and remote sensing data(i.e.,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)).Data was collected from both rainy and dry seasons when biomass production was high and low respectively.Results of linear regression showed that both biomass production(R2 adj-0.672)and NDVI value(R2 adj-0.471)were significantly decreased from 1990 to 2019.Field data and NDVI values for mean annual biomass showed a significant linear relationship.The model accuracy in the annual relationship between the observed and predicted biomass values was strong(R2 adj-0.986)but with high standard error,indicating that the observed biomass production in the rangeland area was not in good condition as compared with the predicted one.This study suggests that,using NDVI data and field-based data in combined way has high potential to estimate rangeland biomass and carrying capacity dynamics at extensively grazed arid and semi-arid rangelands.And to use for estimating stoking rates and predicting future management techniques for decision making.

摘要： Vegetables and fruits are known to have long-lasting biological reactions even after harvesting. Volatile components may be released as a biological response to stimulation or injury. We measured the concentrations of volatiles released from the cut surfaces of cucumbers after their harvest and analyzed the relationship between the time the cucumbers were cut and gas concentrations. The results showed that gas concentrations indicate a circadian rhythm. We previously reported that the circadian rhythm of gas concentrations was 6 hours per cycle in the summer, i.e., from the vernal equinox to the autumnal equinox, and 24 hours per cycle in the winter, i.e., from the autumn equinox to the vernal equinox. We analyzed the gas concentrations emitted from cucumber sections in more detail in this paper and found that the circadian rhythms differ among winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons. We found that one cycle of the circadian rhythm was 8 hours in winter, 6 hours in spring, 24 hours in summer, and a mixed cycle of 24 and 12 hours in autumn.

摘要： Dear readers,A new scason is upon us,and the smell of spring is in theair!Each scason brings about changc.not only in the physicalworld but also in our personal lives.What changes are comingabout in your life as you welcome in the spring season?Maybe you are moving to a new home,making a careerchange or even planning to get married!Or,possibly there areother changes on the horizon.With each change comes theopportunity to experience life in new ways.

摘要： Step 1.Preparation(略)Step 2.Presentation and practice 1.Learn to say:season T:Look at the picture.What do you see?S:I see a tree.T:Yes,it’s a tree.It’s a Season Tree.(T presents the word“season”on the blackboard.Ss repeat“season”after T.)There are four seasons in a year:spring,summer,autumn and winter.