scale

摘要： Scale is the range or measurement unit of the characteristics of natural or human ontology in the temporal or spatial dimension and is widely used in daily life and the study of various disciplines.Scale effect pertains to certain laws and characteristics that can only be reflected on a specific scale,so choosing the appropriate scale remains the basic premise of scientific research.The concept of the urban spatial system is complex and has the characteristics of scale dependence,and the selection of an appropriate spatial scale is important for the accurate estimation and description of urban issues.In this paper,we discuss spatial scale in urban research using cases that primarily come from the Chinese experience,provide some examples that demonstrate the importance of appropriate scale in urban research,including urban shrinkage,and highlight problems in spatial research.Ultimately,we suggest that scale consciousness should be the basic consciousness required in empirical research.

摘要： Purpose:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Frailty Phenotype(FP),Tilburg Frailty Indicator(TFI)and Frail Scale(FS)in elderly diabetic patients,and to provide a scientific basis for selecting appropriate frailty screening instruments for medical staff.Design:A cross-sectional study.Participants and Methods:A convenience sample of 169 elderly diabetic patients was selected from a diabetes special hospital in Tianjin,China.We assessed the reliability and validity of the full FP,TFI and FS as well as their domains.The structural validity of the scale was tested by Spearman correlation analysis of items,dimensions and total scores of scales.The predictive validity of FP,TFI and FS was evaluated by calculating the correlation coefficient between the total scores of FP,TFI and FS and the scores of diabetes specific quality of life scale(QSDL).We assessed the test-retest reliability of 17 elderly diabetic patients twice.Results:A total of 169 patients were included,with a mean age 66.53±7.24 years,and 53.8%were female.The prevalence of frailty was 23.1%according to FP,38.5%according to FS and 78.7%according to TFI with a mean score 6.86±3.05.The test-retest reliability of FP,TFI and FS were 0.915,0.942 and 0.956 respectively.The correlation coefficients between each item or dimension and its total frailty score were r=0.293~0.618,0.174~0.753 and 0.255~0.706 respectively(P<0.01).The total scores of the three frailty screening instruments were the strongest correlation with the physiological dimension of DSQL and the worst correlation of social relations.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for predicting the decline of quality of life of diabetic patients was 0.805,0.500 and 0.816,respectively.Conclusion:The test-retest reliability of FP,TFI and FS is good and the structural validity of TFI and the ability of predicting the decline of quality of life are better than those of FP and FS.Therefore,compared with the other two scales,the TFI is a reliable and valid instrument to assess frailty in elderly diabetic patients.

摘要： Objective:To develop the Electronic Cigarette Use Scale(ECUS)based on social cognitive theory and test its reliability and validity,so as to provide a scientific tool for evaluating the use of e-cigarette smokers in China.Methods:Based on the review of social cognitive theory and literature analysis,the item pool of ECUS was constructed to form the initial version.From January to March in 2022,using the convenient sampling method,electronic questionnaires were distributed to college students in Guangdong Province through the questionnaire star platform,and a total of 1047 valid questionnaires were collected for item screening.The total sample was randomly divided into sample 1(n=517)and sample 2(n=530)for Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA)respectively to further test the reliability and validity of the scale and finally form a 24-item scale.Results:The formal ECUS included 24 items,6 factors were extracted by EFA,and the cumulative explanatory variance was 72.774%.CFA showed that the goodness-of-fit indices were acceptable:χ^(2)/df=2.61,CFI=0.938,TLI=0.928,RMSEA=0.055,90%CI(0.050,0.061),SRMR=0.046,AIC=34694.405,BIC=35036.235.The Cronbach’saof the 24-item scale was 0.898,and the Cronbach’saof each dimension was between 0.839 and 0.954.Both convergent validity and discriminant validity reached the standard.Conclusion:The 24-item ECUS developed in this study has been tested with good reliability and validity and is suitable for evaluating the use of e-cigarette smokers in China.

摘要： Disclosure of sexual dysfunctions is difficult due to shame and social stigma.The instruments to measure sexual dysfunctions so far were quite backdated and lengthy.Moreover,there was no specific instrument available that could evaluate all the sexual dysfunctions on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’criteria in a single scale;separate for men and women.The objective to develop the scale was to provide the non-clinical population with a short and straight-forward measure in English which could help them in deciding about seeking professional help.The constructed scale comprised of 7 items for males and 7 for females and employed 6-points Likert scale for responses.The study involved 79 men and 105 women(N=184;Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sample Adequacy=0.682 for males and 0.618 for females).The inclusion criteria were the practical involvement of the participants in sexual practices and ability to respond to a questionnaire in English.Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted to measure the reliability and validity of the scale.While employing Principal Component Analysis for extraction and Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization as Rotation,Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted on 7 items for males and 7 items for females separately.Sampling adequacy was found good and the adequacy of correlations between items and was found highly significant.The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability was satisfactory.4 factors were extracted for males with 78.65%variance explained.3 factors were extracted for females with 66.57%variance explained.The communalities for all the 14 items ranged between 0.554 to 0.937.The study established that Sexual Dysfunctions Tendencies Measure is a valid and reliable tool to measure sexual dysfunctions with the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

摘要： 物联网(IoT)超低功耗无线技术的创新者Atmosic Technologies和领先的物联网解决方案供应商 Globalscale Technologies宣布推出业界最低功耗的蓝牙低功耗模块RistrettoBin。该模块采用Atmosic的蓝牙LE 5.0射频,发射信号电流仅为2.4 mA,信号灵敏度0 dBm,接收信号电流低于1 mA,与竞争对手为基于电池的产品设计而采用的低功耗蓝牙LE产品相比,功耗降低了3 至5倍。

摘要： Dear Editor,The genetic mechanism of large-scale interspecies traits,including evolutionary novelties and the characteristics of high taxa,is a central issue in evolutionary biology.At present,genome-wide association studies(GWAS)are known as one of the most powerful and affordable tools for understanding the association between heritable variations and phenotypic changes in populations of single species.Therefore,it would be interesting to determine whether GWAS can be applied to study large-scale interspecies traits.

摘要： 2021年3月22日,哈萨克斯坦拜科努尔航天发射场发射了一枚日本Astroscale公司的太空垃圾清除技术实证卫星ELSA-d,并进入预定轨道。Astroscale公司创始人兼CEO冈田光信表示,ELSA-d实证实验若获得成功,将对太空的可持续利用起到重要作用。

摘要： 对压水反应堆分别采用反应堆平衡循环寿期末和燃耗包络两种计算方法计算堆芯积存量,对比结果的差异.结果表明:各种核素受计算方法的影响程度不同,83mKr、135Xe和138Cs等10余个核素受影响较大,燃耗包络法计算结果更为保守,其余核素受影响较小.核素放射性活度随着反应堆运行时间的增长可分为核素活度逐渐增加、核素活度先增大后趋于稳定、核素活度逐渐减小和核素活度先增大后减小等不同的变化规律.

摘要： BACKGROUND The prevalence of post-natal depression(PND)is high in India,as it is in many other low to middle income countries.There is an urgent need to identify PND and treat the mother as early as possible.Among the many paper and pencil tests available to identify PND,the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)is a widely used and validated measure in India.However,the summary diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility data are not available for this measure.AIM To establish summary data for the global diagnostic accuracy parameter as well as the clinical utility of the non-English versions of the EPDS in India.METHODS Two researchers independently searched the PubMed,EMBASE,MEDKNOW and IndMED databases for published papers,governmental publications,conference proceedings and grey literature from 2000-2018.Seven studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of EPDS in five Indian languages against DSM/ICD were included in the final analysis.Two other investigators extracted the Participants’details,Index measures,Comparative reference measures,and Outcomes of diagnostic accuracy data,and appraised the study quality using QUADS-2.Deek’s plots were used to evaluate publication bias.We used the area under the curve of the hierarchical summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,with the random effect model,to summarize the global diagnostic accuracy of EPDS.Using the 2×2 table,we calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios.From the likelihood ratios,the Fagan’s nomogram was built for evaluating clinical utility using the Bayesian approach.We calculated the 95%confidence interval(95%CI)whenever indicated.STATA(version 15)with MIDAS and METANDI modules were used.RESULTS There was no publication bias.The area under the curve for EPDS was 0.97(95%CI:0.95-0.98).The pre-test probability for the nomogram was 22%.For a positive likelihood ratio of 9,the positive post-test probability was 72%(95%CI:68%,76%)and for a negative LR of 0.08,the negative post-test probability was 2%(95%CI:1%,3%).CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis,we established the summary global diagnostic parameter and clinical utility of the non-English versions of the EPDS in India.This work demonstrates that these non-English versions are accurate in their diagnosis of PND and can help clinicians in their diagnostic reasoning.

摘要： 本发明公开了动态调整LOD Scale的图像显示优化方法及装置，根据获取到的系统性能及场景细节，动态调节渲染过程中的LOD Scale以确保帧率能够满足确定的指标要求，即当系统负担过高时用显示细节换取更好的性能，而当系统性能过剩时能够更加充分地利用性能增强显示细节，提升渲染质量。

摘要： 本发明涉及视频处理技术领域，具体公开了一种基于Scaler的视频文件实时缩放方法及视频处理器，方法包括：预设同步动态随机存取模块的视频数据写入速度以及视频数据读出速度；视频数据读出速度不大于视频数据写入速度；按照视频数据写入速度，向同步动态随机存取模块中按帧写入视频数据；对同步动态随机存取模块做buffer管理；按照视频数据读出速度以及预设的视频数据实时缩放策略，读取同步动态随机存取模块中写入的视频数据，并送入对应Scaler中进行缩放处理，得到实时缩放后的视频数据。本发明实现了视频数据的实时缩放，解决了缓存溢出的问题，也避免了非实时缩放方式导致的系统延迟变多的问题发生。

摘要： 本发明提出了一种基于Scalable Web Crawler的数据分析方法，结合Scalable Web Crawler工具和分布式数据遍历手段，提取web上的有效数据，并通过数据分析模块进行整合分析，最终形成一份可读性的材料。

摘要： 本发明涉及视频处理技术领域，具体公开了一种基于Scaler的视频文件缩放方法、FPGA及视频处理装置，方法包括对输入的视频图像数据进行切分处理，得到与Scaler对应的若干个第一视频子图像，对若干个第一视频子图像的边进行拓展，得到对应数量的第二视频子图像，对若干个第二视频子图像进行缩放处理，得到对应数量的第三视频子图像，将若干个第三视频子图像进行拼合并输出，得到了缩放完成后的视频图像数据。本发明解决了当前使用Scaler对视频图像处理后各显示区域之间存在缝隙的问题，从而在LED显示屏对缩放后的视频图像数据显示时，画面衔接良好，提升了LED显示屏的显示效果。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于Scaled‑YOLOv4改进算法的织物瑕疵检测方法。方法包括：建立扩展织物图像数据集；搭建改进Scaled‑YOLOv4网络；选取训练集输入改进网络中训练，并得到训练候选预测框；计算改进网络的整体损失值，并更新参数；获得调整后的改进Scaled‑YOLOv4网络；将验证集输入处理，并获得验证候选框；计算织物类别的平均精确度值；获得训练完成的改进Scaled‑YOLOv4网络；将待检测织物图像数据集输入处理，保留最终预测框；映射进行织物瑕疵的检测定位。本发明实现了网络精度和速度的双双提升，大大加强对织物瑕疵的检测能力并加快检测效率，更适合在实际工业场景下对织物瑕疵进行实时检测。

摘要： 本发明公开一种适配液晶面板的Scaler主板检测方法，Scaler主板上电启动Boot引导程序，调用预设V‑By‑One标准屏参数索引；Scaler主板加载并将预设V‑By‑One标准屏参数写入主芯片底层寄存器中，以加载kernel程序输出画面；信号侦测模块侦测采集Scaler主板输出V‑By‑One信号，并由PC控制主机进行解析图像数据准确性；接口检测完毕后PC控制主机发送串口屏索引号指令给Scaler主板；Scaler主板基于串口指令保存对应的屏索引号并设置为开机屏索引后关机。本发明对各种主板以及其端口具备较好的检测效果，且生产成本较低，使用简单方便。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于scalable‑ot的隐私集合求交方法及装置，第一数据方利用第一哈希算法对当前第一待处理数据进行计算，获取第一计算结果，判断第一计算结果与当前已生成的所有第一哈希表是否存在哈希冲突，若存在，则生成新的第一哈希表存储当前第一待处理数据，重复上述步骤，直至所有第一待处理数据完成计算，第二数据方利用第二哈希算法对第二待处理数据进行计算，并根据得到的第二计算结果生成第二哈希表，根据所有第一哈希表以及第二哈希表计算所有第一待处理数据与第二待处理数据的交集数据，根据交集数据生成隐私交集。本发明可以避免多次重复整个计算流程来得到求交结果，大大减少了求交的计算量，提升了计算效率，使得整个计算流程更为简洁。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于改进Scaled‑YOLOv4的伪装人员目标检测方法，对预先获取的伪装人员活动图像进行预处理，并划分为训练集和测试集；构建包括骨干网络、路径聚合网络和检测头的扩展跨阶段网络Scaled‑YOLOv4模型；在Scaled‑YOLOv4模型中设计一个包括两个感受野区块和两个有效通道注意力模块的自上而下路径特征增强网络结构以代替原路径聚合网络，形成改进的Scaled‑YOLOv4模型；基于改进的Scaled‑YOLOv4模型，进行伪装人员的目标检测。本发明提出的网络结构的优化可以增强伪装目标的特征图，得到伪装目标在原始图像中的位置信息，以降低网络的漏检率和误检率；且网络结构稳定，实用性强等特点，进一步提升了对树林中伪装目标图像中多尺度目标的检测精度。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种基于改进Scaled‑YOLOv4模型的织物瑕疵检测方法，包括S1采集织物图像数据集；S2划分得到训练集、验证集、测试集；S3进行聚类，得到K个先验框；S4将N个不同尺度的有效特征图输入集成特征指导模块进行多尺度特征预处理，然后使用高效阶梯金字塔网络进行融合，得到N个不同尺度的融合特征图，最后通过动态尺度感知头进行通道调整以获得N个预测特征图；S5得到所有预测框；S6更新Scaled‑YOLOv4网络的参数；S7根据参数更新后的Scaled‑YOLOv4网络来对验证集的每张图像进行预测，统计后输出验证集中各个类别的AP值；S8重复步骤S7，直至多次步骤S7中所统计的各个类别的AP值的平均值等于某一固定值，得到训练完成的Scaled‑YOLOv4网络；S9定位瑕疵。本发明可对织物瑕疵进行高准确的检测。

摘要： 本发明提供一种设置通用基板scale out的方法、系统、设备和存储介质，方法包括：将OAM模组设置在通用基板的背板上，并将scale out设置到retimer卡上；在所述通用基板上设置多个GENZ4C+连接器，将scale out的信号和retimer卡的管理信号从所述通用基板接至retimer卡；根据所述OAM模组对所述retimer卡进行配置；以及通过识别不同的OAM模组来选择多路复用器的通路以实现BMC或OAM模组管理QSFP‑DD模组。本发明将OAM模组的Scale Out部分单独做到一个板卡上，极大的提高了板卡的复用率，通过不同的兼容设计，保证了UBB背板的兼容性，实现一张UBB板卡可以搭配不同的OAM模组。