摘要:
目的 研究地震灾难对军队医护人员应急救援时心理健康状况的影响.方法 选取陕西省5所军队医院的300名参加过地震灾难应急救援的医护人员为研究对象,采用心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)分析其心理健康水平.结果 本调查共发放SCL-90问卷300份,收回300份,有效回收率100%,调查时参与过应急灾难救援的人员仅为30.67%(92/300),94人占31.33%在抵达地震灾区1周后出现心理问题,主要表现为躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖,SCL-90评分分别为(0.45 ± 0.03)、(1.13 ± 0.13)、(0.79 ± 0.08)、(1.07 ± 0.09)、(1.01 ± 0.14)分.不同特征军队医护人员应急救援的心理应激反应率各不相同,其中专科学历、本科以上学历,曾参加过救援和未参加过救援的军队医护人员应激反应率分别为74.07%(40/54)、21.95%(54/246),15.22%(14/92)、38.46%(80/208),分别差异有统计学意义(χ2=55.913、16.018,P<0.01).结论 参与地震灾难救援的军队医护人员因伤员较多、环境危险、物资不足等因素产生心理压力,医疗单位应对所属人员做好理论与实践的培训,同时重点关注救援人员的心理健康问题,及时给予心理疏导,保障救援顺利完成.%Objective To study the impact of earthquake disasters on the mental health of military medical personnel during emergency rescue. Methods Three hundred military medical personnel who participated in the emergency rescue of earthquake disasters in five military hospitals in Shaanxi Province were selected as the study subjects, and their mental health levels were analyzed using the Mental Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results In this survey, a total of 300 SCL-90 questionnaires were issued, 300 were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100%. Only 30.67%(92/300) of people participated in emergency disaster rescue during investigation, 31.33% (94/300) had psychological problemsafter arriving in the earthquake-stricken area after one week, such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and horror. SCL-90 scores were 0.45±0.03, 1.13±0.13, 0.79 ±0.08, 1.07±0.09, 1.01±0.14. The psychological stress response rates of the emergency response of military medical staff of different characteristics were different. Among them, the stress response rates of military personnel with different degrees (specialty, bachelor or above) and whether they have participated in rescue work were 74.07% (40/54), 21.95% (54/246), 15.22% (14/92), 38.46% (80/208).The difference was statistically significant (χ2=55.913,16.018, P<0.01). Conclusions The medical staff of the army participating in the earthquake disaster rescue has psychological pressure due to many injuries, environmental risks, lack of supplies, etc. The medical unit should provide adequate training in theory and practice to its personnel and focus on the mental health of rescue workers, give timely psychological counseling to ensure the successful completion of the rescue.