routing

摘要： The development of Fifth-Generation(5G)mobile communication technology has remarkably promoted the spread of the Internet of Things(IoT)applications.As a promising paradigm for IoT,edge computing can process the amount of data generated by mobile intelligent devices in less time response.Network Function Virtualization(NFV)that decouples network functions from dedicated hardware is an important architecture to implement edge computing,deploying heterogeneous Virtual Network Functions(VNF)(such as computer vision,natural language processing,intelligent control,etc.)on the edge service nodes.With the NFV MANO(Management and Orchestration)framework,a Service Function Chain(SFC)that contains a set of ordered VNFs can be constructed and placed in the network to offer a customized network service.However,the procedure of NFV orchestration faces a technical challenge in minimizing the network cost of VNF placement due to the complexity of the changing effect of traffic volume and the dependency on theVNFrelationship.To this end,we jointly optimize SFC design and VNF placement to minimize resource cost while taking account of VNF dependency and traffic volume scaling.First,the problem is formulated as an Integer Linear Programming(ILP)model and proved NPhard by reduction from Hamiltonian Cycle problem.Then we proposed an efficient heuristic algorithm called Traffic Aware and Interdependent VNF Placement(TAIVP)to solve the problem.Compared with the benchmark algorithms,emulation results show that our algorithm can reduce network cost by 10.2%and increase service request acceptance rate by 7.6%on average.

摘要： The routing protocols are paramount to guarantee the Quality of Service(QoS)for Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs).However,they still face several challenges owing to high mobility and dynamic topology.This paper mainly focuses on the adaptive routing protocol and proposes a Three Dimensional Q-Learning(3DQ)based routing protocol to guarantee the packet delivery ratio and improve the QoS.In 3DQ routing,we propose a Q-Learning based routing decision scheme,which contains a link-state prediction module and routing decision module.The link-state prediction module allows each Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)to predict the link-state of Neighboring UAVs(NUs),considering their Three Dimensional mobility and packet arrival.Then,UAV can produce routing decisions with the help of the routing decision module considering the link-state.We evaluate the various performance of 3DQ routing,and simulation results demonstrate that 3DQ can improve packet delivery ratio,goodput and delay of baseline protocol at most 71.36%,89.32%and 83.54%in FANETs over a variety of communication scenarios.

摘要： In recent years,with the growth in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs),UAV-based systems have become popular in both military and civil applications.In these scenarios,the lack of reliable communication infrastructure has motivated UAVs to establish a network as flying nodes,also known as Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs).However,in FANETs,the high mobility degree of flying and terrestrial users may be responsible for constant changes in the network topology,making end-to-end connections in FANETs challenging.Mobility estimation and prediction of UAVs can address the challenge mentioned above since it can provide better routing planning and improve overall FANET performance in terms of continuous service availability.We thus develop a Software Defined Network(SDN)-based heterogeneous architecture for reliable communication in FANETs.In this architecture,we apply an Extended Kalman Filter(EKF)for accurate mobility estimation and prediction of UAVs.In particular,we formulate the routing problem in SDN-based Heterogeneous FANETs as a graph decision problem.As the problem is NP-hard,we further propose a Directional Particle Swarming Optimization(DPSO)approach to solve it.The extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DPSO routing can exhibit superior performance in improving the goodput,packet delivery ratio,and delay.

摘要： In this paper, a routing protocol for wireless sensor network, baptized energy based protocol (EBP) is proposed. Wireless sensor network presents many challenges and constraints, and one of the major constraints is the routing problem. Due to the limited energy of sensor nodes, routing in this type of network shall perform efficiently to maximize the network lifetime. One of the proposed algorithms is the directional source aware routing protocol (DSAP) which, after simulation, showed a lot of limitations and drawbacks. The modified directional source aware routing protocol (MDSAP) was proposed by the authors of this paper to address some of the DSAP’s limitations but remains limited to a fixed topology, fixed source and stationary nodes. So EBP is proposed and operated under different scenarios and showed, after its simulation using TinyOS, many advantages in terms of load balancing, free looping, minimizing packet error rate and maximizing network lifetime.

摘要： A mobile ad hoc network(MANET)involves a group of wireless mobile nodes which create an impermanent network with no central authority and infrastructure.The nodes in the MANET are highly mobile and it results in adequate network topology,link loss,and increase the re-initialization of the route discovery process.Route planning in MANET is a multi-hop communication process due to the restricted transmission range of the nodes.Location aided routing(LAR)is one of the effective routing protocols in MANET which suffers from the issue of high energy consumption.Though few research works have focused on resolving energy consumption problem in LAR,energy efficiency still remains a major design issue.In this aspect,this study introduces an energy aware metaheuristic optimization with LAR(EAMO-LAR)protocol for MANETs.The EAMO-LAR protocol makes use of manta ray foraging optimization algorithm(MRFO)to help the searching process for the individual solution to be passed to the LAR protocol.The fitness value of the created solutions is determined next to pass the solutions to the objective function.The MRFO algorithm is incorporated into the LAR protocol in the EAMO-LAR protocol to reduce the desired energy utilization.To ensure the improved routing efficiency of the proposed EAMO-LAR protocol,a series of simulations take place.The resultant experimental values pointed out the supreme outcome of the EAMO-LAR protocol over the recently compared methods.The resultant values demonstrated that the EAMO-LAR protocol has accomplished effectual results over the other existing techniques.

摘要： Internet of Things(IoT)is a technological revolution that redefined communication and computation of modern era.IoT generally refers to a network of gadgets linked via wireless network and communicates via internet.Resource management,especially energy management,is a critical issue when designing IoT devices.Several studies reported that clustering and routing are energy efficient solutions for optimal management of resources in IoT environment.In this point of view,the current study devises a new Energy-Efficient Clustering-based Routing technique for Resource Management i.e.,EECBRM in IoT environment.The proposed EECBRM model has three stages namely,fuzzy logic-based clustering,Lion Whale Optimization with Tumbling(LWOT)-based routing and cluster maintenance phase.The proposed EECBRMmodel was validated through a series of experiments and the results were verified under several aspects.EECBRM model was compared with existing methods in terms of energy efficiency,delay,number of data transmission,and network lifetime.When simulated,in comparison with other methods,EECBRM model yielded excellent results in a significant manner.Thus,the efficiency of the proposed model is established.

摘要： Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a vital element in Internet of Things(IoT)as the former enables the collection of huge quantities of data in energy-constrained environment.WSN offers independent access to the target region and performs data collection in an effective manner.But energy constraints remain a challenging issue in WSN since it operates on in-built battery.The studies conducted earlier recommended that the energy spent on communication processmust be considerably reduced to improve the efficiency of WSN.Cluster organization and optimal selection of the routes are considered as NP hard optimization problems which can be resolved with the help of metaheuristic algorithms.Clustering and routing are considered as effective approaches in enhancing the energy effectiveness and lifespan of WSN.In this background,the current study develops an Improved Duck and Traveller Optimization(IDTO)-enabled cluster-based Multi-Hop Routing(IDTOMHR)technique for WSN.Primarily,IDTO algorithm is exploited for the selection of Cluster Head(CH)and construction of clusters.Besides,Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimization(ATGO)technique is also used to derive an optimal set of routes to the destination.Both clustering and routing approaches derive a fitness function with the inclusion of multiple input parameters.The proposed IDTOMHR model was experimentally validated for its performance under different aspects.The extensive experimental results confirmed the better performance of IDTOMHR model over other recent approaches.

摘要： :In current days,the domain of Internet of Things(IoT)and Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)are combined for enhancing the sensor related data transmission in the forthcoming networking applications.Clustering and routing techniques are treated as the effective methods highly used to attain reduced energy consumption and lengthen the lifetime of the WSN assisted IoT networks.In this view,this paper presents an Ensemble of Metaheuristic Optimization based QoS aware Clustering with Multihop Routing(EMOQoSCMR)Protocol for IoT assisted WSN.The proposed EMO-QoSCMR protocol aims to achieve QoS parameters such as energy,throughput,delay,and lifetime.The proposed model involves two stage processes namely clustering and routing.Firstly,the EMO-QoSCMR protocol involves crossentropy rain optimization algorithm based clustering(CEROAC)technique to select an optimal set of cluster heads(CHs)and construct clusters.Besides,oppositional chaos game optimization based routing(OCGOR)technique is employed for the optimal set of routes in the IoT assisted WSN.The proposed model derives a fitness function based on the parameters involved in the IoT nodes such as residual energy,distance to sink node,etc.The proposed EMOQoSCMR technique has resulted to an enhanced NAN of 64 nodes whereas the LEACH,PSO-ECHS,E-OEERP,and iCSHS methods have resulted in a lesser NAN of 2,10,42,and 51 rounds.The performance of the presented protocol has been evaluated interms of energy efficiency and network lifetime.

摘要： Security is a vital parameter to conserve energy in wireless sensor networks(WSN).Trust management in the WSN is a crucial process as trust is utilized when collaboration is important for accomplishing trustworthy data transmission.But the available routing techniques do not involve security in the design of routing techniques.This study develops a novel statistical analysis with dingo optimizer enabled reliable routing scheme(SADO-RRS)for WSN.The proposed SADO-RRS technique aims to detect the existence of attacks and optimal routes in WSN.In addition,the presented SADORRS technique derives a new statistics based linear discriminant analysis(LDA)for attack detection,Moreover,a trust based dingo optimizer(TBDO)algorithm is applied for optimal route selection in the WSN and accomplishes secure data transmission in WSN.Besides,the TBDO algorithm involves the derivation of the fitness function involving different input variables of WSN.For demonstrating the enhanced outcomes of the SADO-RRS technique,a wide range of simulations was carried out and the outcomes demonstrated the enhanced outcomes of the SADO-RRS technique.

摘要： Applications based on Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)have shown to be quite useful in monitoring a particular geographic area of interest.Relevant geometries of the surrounding environment are essential to establish a successful WSN topology.But it is literally hard because constructing a localization algorithm that tracks the exact location of Sensor Nodes(SN)in a WSN is always a challenging task.In this research paper,Distance Matrix and Markov Chain(DM-MC)model is presented as node localization technique in which Distance Matrix and Estimation Matrix are used to identify the position of the node.The method further employs a Markov Chain Model(MCM)for energy optimization and interference reduction.Experiments are performed against two well-known models,and the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves performance by using less network resources when compared to the existing models.Transition probability is used in the Markova chain to sustain higher energy nodes.Finally,the proposed Distance Matrix and Markov Chain model decrease energy use by 31%and 25%,respectively,compared to the existing DV-Hop and CSA methods.The experimental results were performed against two proven models,Distance VectorHop Algorithm(DV-HopA)and Crow Search Algorithm(CSA),showing that the proposed DM-MC model outperforms both the existing models regarding localization accuracy and Energy Consumption(EC).These results add to the credibility of the proposed DC-MC model as a better model for employing node localization while establishing a WSN framework.

摘要： Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)have attracted quite attention due to theft wide potential applications. Up to now,a huge amount of energy efficient routing protocols or algorithms have been proposed to improve energy efficiency.In this paper,we try to prolong network lifetime by studying the relationship between hop number and energy consumption.A Hop-based Energy Aware Routing (HEAR) algorithm for WSNs is proposed.The simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms several existing protocols,such as shortest path algorithm,maximum remaining energy algorithm in the aspect of energy consumption and network lifetime.Depending on the real network environment,our algorithm can reduce energy consumption up to 50% and improve the network lifetime up to 125% comparing with the existing routing algorithms.

摘要： Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with a large number of small sensor nodes can be used as an effective tool for monitoring and interacting with our physical environment.Implementing a fault-tolerant mechanism is critical to the success of WSNs.The aim of this paper is to introduce a fault tolerant protocol to reduce the drop of packets for nodes' failure.Based on LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)protocol,we introduce into 1:1 Dual-Homed Fault-Tolerant technique and propose our protocol,FTLEACH (Fault-Tolerant LEACH).When nodes' failure happens,FTLEACH can guarantee the transmission of data and reduce the loss of data.Simulation resuits show that FTLEACH has a better performance on fault tolerance than LEACH.

摘要： Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with a large number of small sensor nodes can be used as an effective tool for monitoring and interacting with our physical environment.Implementing a fault-tolerant mechanism is critical to the success of WSNs.The aim of this paper is to introduce a fault tolerant protocol to reduce the drop of packets for nodes' failure.Based on LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)protocol,we introduce into 1:1 Dual-Homed Fault-Tolerant technique and propose our protocol,FTLEACH (Fault-Tolerant LEACH).When nodes' failure happens,FTLEACH can guarantee the transmission of data and reduce the loss of data.Simulation resuits show that FTLEACH has a better performance on fault tolerance than LEACH.

摘要： Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with a large number of small sensor nodes can be used as an effective tool for monitoring and interacting with our physical environment.Implementing a fault-tolerant mechanism is critical to the success of WSNs.The aim of this paper is to introduce a fault tolerant protocol to reduce the drop of packets for nodes' failure.Based on LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)protocol,we introduce into 1:1 Dual-Homed Fault-Tolerant technique and propose our protocol,FTLEACH (Fault-Tolerant LEACH).When nodes' failure happens,FTLEACH can guarantee the transmission of data and reduce the loss of data.Simulation resuits show that FTLEACH has a better performance on fault tolerance than LEACH.

摘要： Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with a large number of small sensor nodes can be used as an effective tool for monitoring and interacting with our physical environment.Implementing a fault-tolerant mechanism is critical to the success of WSNs.The aim of this paper is to introduce a fault tolerant protocol to reduce the drop of packets for nodes' failure.Based on LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)protocol,we introduce into 1:1 Dual-Homed Fault-Tolerant technique and propose our protocol,FTLEACH (Fault-Tolerant LEACH).When nodes' failure happens,FTLEACH can guarantee the transmission of data and reduce the loss of data.Simulation resuits show that FTLEACH has a better performance on fault tolerance than LEACH.

摘要： 本发明提供了一种基于Vue Router为url添加统一参数的方法，该方法包括以下的步骤：S1、进入页面；S2、后端服务器判断页面是否含有hash值参数，如含有hash值参数则进入步骤S3，如未含有hash值参数则直接进入步骤S4；S3、根据hash值参数绑定页面的上下级关系；S4、页面请求后端服务器生成唯一的hash值参数，绑定hash值参数到页面访问url；S5、Vue Router判断url是否含有hash值参数，如有则进入步骤S7，如没有则进入步骤S6；S6、获取hash值参数，并将hash值参数存储至本地，后进入步骤S8；S7、后端服务器判断本地有无hash值参数，如有则返回至步骤S6，如没有则进入步骤S8；S8、页面正常访问；本发明的有益效果是：可以方便快捷地生成分享参数并识别记录。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种基于UVM的Router可重用验证平台，其中控制层产生激励序列；环境层包括待验证路由器、待验证路由器端口的代理器、参考模型、正常激励测试计分板和错误激励测试计分板；代理器包括定序器、驱动器和监视器；定序器接收正常激励序列或错误激励序列生成的第一事务数据，将第一事务数据发送到驱动器；驱动器根据设定的路由协议对第一事务数据进行数据转换后发送到待验证路由器；监视器检测待验证路由器的输出信号，将检测到的输出信号打包成第二事务数据并发送到正常激励测试计分板或错误激励测试计分板；参考模型向正常激励测试计分板和错误激励测试计分板发送预期输出数据。本发明提高了验证的可靠性。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种基于Segment Routing的安全与网络融合的系统，包括安全服务及网络服务，其特征在于，还包括接入服务，将接入服务的处理需要的终端用户的信息集中到接入服务中。本发明的另一个技术方案是提供了一种基于Segment Routing的安全与网络融合的方法，采用上述的系统。本发明消除了网络服务以及安全服务中的重复部分；避免了对隧道内的数据包进行解封，再封装等重复性的工作；减轻甚至消除安全服务以及网络服务的瓶颈问题；缓解多租户对于安全服务以及网络服务的挑战。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种基于UVM的Router可重用验证平台，其中控制层产生激励序列；环境层包括待验证路由器、待验证路由器端口的代理器、参考模型、正常激励测试计分板和错误激励测试计分板；代理器包括定序器、驱动器和监视器；定序器接收正常激励序列或错误激励序列生成的第一事务数据，将第一事务数据发送到驱动器；驱动器根据设定的路由协议对第一事务数据进行数据转换后发送到待验证路由器；监视器检测待验证路由器的输出信号，将检测到的输出信号打包成第二事务数据并发送到正常激励测试计分板或错误激励测试计分板；参考模型向正常激励测试计分板和错误激励测试计分板发送预期输出数据。本发明提高了验证的可靠性。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种基于Segment Routing的安全与网络融合的系统，包括安全服务及网络服务，其特征在于，还包括接入服务，将接入服务的处理需要的终端用户的信息集中到接入服务中。本发明的另一个技术方案是提供了一种基于Segment Routing的安全与网络融合的方法，采用上述的系统。本发明消除了网络服务以及安全服务中的重复部分；避免了对隧道内的数据包进行解封，再封装等重复性的工作；减轻甚至消除安全服务以及网络服务的瓶颈问题；缓解多租户对于安全服务以及网络服务的挑战。

摘要： 一种基于mysql router 的MGR 读写分离和负载均衡方法，包括以下步骤：S1：自动故障转移，使用MySQL Router来实现读写分离，前端应用层统一连接到MySQL Router；S2：DB负载均衡，MySQL中间件通过类似连接池的方式，将请求按照一定的规则分发给底层数据库，从而实现DB的读写分离、高可用；具体通过Nginx反向代理，基于轮询算法，应用实现负载均衡，通过mysql router实现应用到数据库层的读写分离功能；本发明mysql router实现mysql读写分离和负载均衡，mysql router轻量级，运维成本低，性能优势明显。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种基于Router OS搭建的测试服务系统，包括Router OS服务器和交换机，Router OS服务器第一端口连接于交换机第一端口，还包括日志服务器，测试终端，Router OS服务器第二端口连接至日志服务器端口，将Router OS服务器上产生的日志信息发送到日志服务器，测试终端的数量可以按需求配置为一个或多个，将测试终端集中连接于交换机，所述Router OS服务器上还搭建了网络协议测试服务器，通过交换机为测试终端提供网络协议测试服务。本实用新型的测试服务系统能将一个或多个测试终端连接于一台服务器，基于此服务器提供不同的测试服务，更易于测试人员使用，将所有测试服务器产生的日志信息发送到指定的日志服务器，便于服务器管理维护。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于层次化Q‑routing规划的路由方法，是通过感知网路的拥塞情况和互联链路使用情况，全局分层次并行规划得到高效率的数据传输链路。本发明的算法是一种基于查找表的路由算法，路由算法将规划后的方向存储在各个路由器节点的学习模块里的路由表中，数据包通过访问所在路由器节点的学习模块里的路由表得到路径信息。本发明在拆分式Q‑routing基础上构造了层次化设计，利用多层拥塞感知器及多层并行学习大大降低了算法的收敛时间，从而提高了片上网络数据传输效率，还压缩了路由表，减少了硬件资源消耗。

摘要： 本文公开了一种实现双向segment routing隧道的方法及装置，涉及MPLS/MPLS‑TP网络SR隧道技术。本文公开的实现双向segment routing隧道的方法，包括：控制器收到创建节点A与节点Z之间的双向SR隧道的命令后，计算节点A与节点Z之间符合命令要求的路径，为该路径对应的第一方向A‑>Z隧道和第二方向Z‑>A隧道分别分配唯一的List SID，并在节点A和Z分别配置第一方向A‑>Z隧道的List SID与第二方向Z‑>A隧道的ListSID为双向隧道的绑定关系；控制器在隧道的两个端点分别将所述List SID作为SR标签栈的一部分置于标签栈内压入用户报文并转发。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于层次化Q‑routing规划的路由方法，是通过感知网路的拥塞情况和互联链路使用情况，全局分层次并行规划得到高效率的数据传输链路。本发明的算法是一种基于查找表的路由算法，路由算法将规划后的方向存储在各个路由器节点的学习模块里的路由表中，数据包通过访问所在路由器节点的学习模块里的路由表得到路径信息。本发明在拆分式Q‑routing基础上构造了层次化设计，利用多层拥塞感知器及多层并行学习大大降低了算法的收敛时间，从而提高了片上网络数据传输效率，还压缩了路由表，减少了硬件资源消耗。