regulation

摘要： The functional properties of endogenous Schwann cells(SCs)during nerve repair are dynamic.Optimizing the functional properties of SCs at different stages of nerve repair may have therapeutic benefit in improving the repair of damaged nerves.Previous studies showed that miR-221-3p promotes the proliferation and migration of SCs,and miR-338-3p promotes the myelination of SCs.In this study,we established rat models of sciatic nerve injury by bridging the transected sciatic nerve with a silicone tube.We injected a miR-221 lentiviral vector system together with a doxycycline-inducible Tet-On miR-338 lentiviral vector system into the cavity of nerve conduits of nerve stumps to sequentially regulate the biological function of endogenous SCs at different stages of nerve regeneration.We found that the biological function of SCs was sequentially regulated,the diameter and density of myelinated axons were increased,the expression levels of NF200 and myelin basic protein were increased,and the function of injured peripheral nerve was improved using this system.miRNA Target Prediction Database prediction,Nanopore whole transcriptome sequencing,quantitative PCR,and dual luciferase reporter gene assay results predicted and verified Cdkn1b and Nrp1 as target genes of miR-221-3p and miR-338-3p,respectively,and their regulatory effects on SCs were confirmed in vitro.In conclusion,here we established a new method to enhance nerve regeneration through sequential regulation of biological functions of endogenous SCs,which establishes a new concept and model for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.The findings from this study will provide direct guiding significance for clinical treatment of sciatic nerve injury.

摘要： Spinal cord injury(SCI),either from trauma or degenerative changes,can res ult in severe disability and impaired quality of life.Understanding the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms that underlie SCI is imperative to identifying molecular targets for potential therapy.Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs,including both long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)and circular RNAs(circRNAs),regulate various cellular processes in SCI.In this review,we will describe the changes in lncRNA and circRNA expression that occur after SCI and how these changes may be related to SCI progression.Current evidence for the roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in neuronal cell death and glial cell activation will also be reviewed.Finally,the possibility that lncRNAs and circRNAs are novel modulato rs of SCI pathogenesis will be discussed.

摘要： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers with rising incidence.Despite progress in its treatment,with the introduction of more effective chemotherapy regimens in the last decade,prognosis of metastatic disease remains inferior to other cancers with long term survival being the exception.Molecular characterization of pancreatic cancer has elucidated the landscape of the disease and has revealed common lesions that contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis.Regulation of proteostasis is critical in cancers due to increased protein turnover required to support the intense metabolism of cancer cells.The proteasome is an integral part of this regulation and is regulated,in its turn,by key transcription factors,which induce transcription of proteasome structural units.These include FOXO family transcription factors,NFE2L2,hHSF1 and hHSF2,and NF-Y.Networks that encompass proteasome regulators and transduction pathways dysregulated in pancreatic cancer such as the KRAS/BRAF/MAPK and the Transforming growth factor beta/SMAD pathway contribute to pancreatic cancer progression.This review discusses the proteasome and its transcription factors within the pancreatic cancer cellular microenvironment.We also consider the role of stemness in carcinogenesis and the use of proteasome inhibitors as therapeutic agents.

摘要： Large-scale hybrid power plants, composed of two or more generation sources and with the participation of energy storage systems, have driven important electricity Market Design regulation discussions worldwide. Regulatory framework ought to be adapted to support technical particularities of these new generation arranges. This paper presents an assessment of the main requirements to be met by Market Design to enable hybrid power plants by means of assertive market incentives. Assessing regulatory adjustments promoted in Australia, United States, India, China, and Brazil, emphasizing the latter one, the authors presents a case study by applying specific computational simulation and optimization model to a hybrid Hydro-Solar plant, that supports the findings for the necessary evolution needed in the national regulatory framework in order to enable hybrid projects. The evaluation of international experiences indicates that the insertion of hybrid projects is associated with the design of the market they belong to and demand regulatory adjustments so that their attributes can be properly valued for the benefit of all stakeholders, especially for the electricity consumer.

摘要： Membrane fusion is an important process by which biological membranes perform their life activities. Simulations show that the membrane fusion process happens mainly through three pathways, where the Stalk-Pore hypothesis, in which two membranes come into close contact to form a stalk to a hemifusion intermediate, and then the fusion pore opens to achieve completely fusion, is widely accepted, and there exist two free energy barriers that break the current structural steady state for lipid rearrangement. Factors of lipid composition, mechanical environment, protein and ion have regulatory roles in the membrane fusion process by effecting membrane curvature structurally and the free energy barriers from energetic perspective. Meanwhile, many theoretical models, represented by the Helfrich model, have been proposed to predict the membrane fusion process. In this paper, we review the research process of membrane fusion and mainly introduce the dynamics of membrane fusion, regulation factors and typical theoretical models.

摘要： Type-VI secretion system(T6SS)is a widespread bacteriophage-like complex in bacteria that participates in multiple physiological processes,including metal ion uptake,bacterial competition,and biofilm formation^([1]).Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague.There are five T6SS gene clusters in Y.pestis CO92.

摘要： Bitcoin is considered a cryptocurrency and a digital currency,the two most notable characteristics are decentralization and anonymity.Bitcoin has a variety of properties.It could play not only the currency function but also have certain commodity property.To some extent,it can also be seen as an alternative investment option.The price of Bitcoin has stayed at a high level since 2021,but with greater volatility and more obvious amplitude than before.With the risk and potential problems of Bitcoin,the possibility of whether Bitcoin would lead to a big bubble in the financial market has increased.Although the legal status of Bitcoin is varying and having unclear or constantly changing definitions in different countries,the government is strengthening supervision and regulation over digital currency and planning to issue state-controlled currency,which would narrow the space for Bitcoin.Therefore,the possibility that Bitcoin will end up in a bubble is growing.At the same time,it is becoming increasingly clear that Bitcoin would not eventually gain legal tender status,driven by a combination of government denial and a lack of real value.

摘要： This study was performed to determine the effects of bacteriocin-producing and non-bacteriocin-producing Pediococcus acidilactici strains on the immune system and intestinal flora of normal mice.Two P.acidilactici strains with antibacterial activity(P.acidilactici CCFM28 and CCFM18)were obtained based on the inhibition-zone assay.The produced components were identified as bacteriocins through protease treatment,pH adjustment and hydrogen peroxide treatment.Bacteriocin-producing and non-bacteriocin-producing P.acidilactici strains(P.acidilactici CCFM28,CCFM18 and NT17-3)caused significant changes in serum immune factors and intestinal flora of normal mice.After 14 days of intervention,the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased,but that of Proteobacteria was significantly increased at the phylum level.At the genus level,the administration of three P.acidilactici strains resulted in the downregulation of Blautia and the upregulation of Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus.Furthermore,there were also different regulations on some probiotic strains,such as Bifidobacterium,Coprococcus and Akkermansia,which were closely related to the antibacterial ability of the bacteriocin and the type of strain.The results indicated that the intervention of different P.acidilactici strains could differently change the structure of intestinal flora in normal mice,which provided theoretical guidance for the selective use of bacteriocin-producing strains for health regulation in the future.

摘要： Medical devices are instruments and other tools that act on the human body to aid clinical diagnosis and disease treatment,playing an indispensable role in modern medicine.Nowadays,the increasing demand for personalized medical devices poses a significant challenge to traditional manufacturing methods.The emerging manufacturing technology of three-dimensional(3D)printing as an alternative has shown exciting applications in the medical field and is an ideal method for manufacturing such personalized medical devices with complex structures.However,the application of this new technology has also brought new risks to medical devices,making 3D-printed devices face severe challenges due to insufficient regulation and the lack of standards to provide guidance to the industry.This review aims to summarize the current regulatory landscape and existing research on the standardization of 3D-printed medical devices in China,and provide ideas to address these challenges.We focus on the aspects concerned by the regulatory authorities in 3D-printed medical devices,highlighting the quality system of such devices,and discuss the guidelines that manufacturers should follow,as well as the current limitations and the feasible path of regulation and standardization work based on this perspective.The key points of the whole process quality control,performance evaluation methods and the concept of whole life cycle management of 3D-printed medical devices are emphasized.Furthermore,the significance of regulation and standardization is pointed out.Finally,aspects worthy of attention and future perspectives in this field are discussed.

摘要： CEN publishes 82 new technical specifications on fertilizing products The new Fertilizing Products Regulation(FPR)(Regulation(EU)2019/1009)will enter into force in July 2022,repealing Regulation(EC)No 2003/2003.The new Regulation introduces new requirements related to quality,safety.