摘要:
[目的]研究土壤深松对糯玉米生长表现及土壤理化性质的影响.[方法]采用土壤深松进行春季播前整地并通过定点取样测定了土壤容重、田间持水量、土壤养分、生长期土壤含水量和土壤松紧度,调查分析了玉米关键生育期生长表现(农艺性状、叶绿素含量、根系和鲜穗产量).[结果]土壤深松对糯玉米的生长发育及土壤理化性质影响明显.与传统土壤翻耕整地相比,深松配合拔节期、孕穗期追施氮肥时,玉米株高、穗位高、鲜穗产量和根系鲜重最大,分别为192.8 em、130.8 cm、18816.35 kg/hm2和275.7 g,较传统耕作追肥处理高3.9%、2.5%、12.8%和35.9%,土壤保水性和土壤疏松度提高20.4%和86.0 ~ 178.0 PSI,土壤容重降低10.0% ~22.5%.[结论]本研究结果为迸一步推进土壤深松技术在新疆北部地区玉米种植应用方面奠定了基础,对玉米优质高产栽培具有重要意义.%[Objective] This research was conducted to study the effects of deep loosening at waxy maize growth performance and the soil physical and chemical properties.[Method] Spring deep loosening soil preparation before sowing seed processing was conducted.The soil bulk density,growing up field capacity,soil nutrient and soil moisture content and soil firmness were determinated through the fixed-point sampling.The key growth period of maize growth performance was investigated and analyzed,including agronomic traits,chlorophyll content,root and fresh ear yield.[Result] The influence of deep loosening on waxy maize growth and soil physical and chemical properties is obvious.Compared with conventional tillage,when the soil was deep loosened and fertilized,plant height,ear height,fresh ear yield and root fresh weight were the largest,respectively reaching 192.8 cm,130.8 cm,18816.35 kg/hm2 and 275.7 g,higher than traditional farming fertilizer treatment 3.9 %,2.5 %,12.8 % and 35.9 %.Soil water retention and degrees were higher than that of conventional tillage,respectively,of 20.35 % and 86-178 psi.Deep soil bulk density loosed 10 % to 22.5 % than that before soil preparation.[Conclusion]The study will provide a basis for promoting the soil deep loosening technology application in northern xinjiang,which is of great significance to high quality and high yield cultivation of maize.