reaction,

摘要： Ionic liquids(ILs) have attracted increasing attention since last few decades due to their high molecular design abilities and wide applications in different fields.In this study,four novel fluorescent isoquinolino [2,1-a]quinoxalin-5-ium ILs were designed and synthesized via a two-step process including a simple dual Schiff’s base formation and a subsequent [RhCp*Cl_(2)]_(2)-catalyzed oxidative C-H activation/annulation reaction.The as-synthesized ILs were extensively characterized using FT-IR,~1 H-NMR,^(13)C-NMR,^(19)F-NMR,HSQC-NMR,HMBC-NMR and HR-MS.Their photophysical properties were determined by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy.The results demonstrate that all these ILs showed dual or triple emissions,large stokes shift(90 nm) and mechanochromic behaviors.Basing on solvatochromism and titration experiments,it is thought that the emission bands of the ILs are raised from their local excited states,charge transfer states or excited state proton transfer of cations,while the substitute effect of these quinoxaline derived ILs on their stokes shifts is negligible.

摘要： A renewable energy supply is an integral part of a sustainable society.The most abundant and widespread renewable energy source available on the earth,i.e.,sunlight,is intermittent and has a low energy density.This makes an economical and efficient technology to convert and store the solar energy necessary in order to utilise it on our path towards a low carbon economy.Photocatalysis and photo‐electrocatalysis can in principle store renewable solar energy into chemical bonds by diverse chemical processes,including water splitting to H_(2),nitrogen reduction to ammonia,CO_(2) reduction to chemicals and others.These chemical processes physically involve charge generation,charge separation and transfer,chemically include two half reactions and generally share the very sluggish water oxidation half reaction.The persistent kinetic challenges of these complex photophysical and photochemical processes have kept solar to fuel conversion efficiency as very moderate.

摘要： N-doped reduced graphene oxide quantum dots(N-rGQDs) have attracted more and more attention in efficient catalytic degradation of aqueous organic pollutants.However,the synthesis of N-rGQDs is generally a complex and high energy required process for the reduction and N-doping steps.In this study,a facile and green fabrication approach of N-rGQDs is established,based on a metal-free Fenton reaction without additional energy-input.The N structures of N-rGQDs play a significant role in the promotion of their catalytic performance.The N-rGQDs with relatively high percentage of aromatic nitrogen(NAr-rGQDs) perform excellent catalytic activities,with which the degradation efficiency of pollutant is enhanced by 25 times.Density functional theory(DFT) calculation also indicates aromatic nitrogen structures with electron-rich sites are prone to transfer electron,presenting a key role in the catalytic reaction.This metal-free Fenton process provides a green and costeffective strategy for one-step fabrication of N-rGQDs with controllable features and potential environmental catalytic applications.

摘要： 3D electrodes have shown extraordinary promise for electrochemical energy storage devices in wearable electronics.However,it is still a significant challenge to rationally design 3D electrode that has the characteristics of lightweight,flexibility,low cost,high performance and miniaturization.In this work,we present a novel design of 3D electrode by directly growing the nanocrystalline TiO_(2)film on carbonized eggshell membrane.The unique architecture can supply not only a continuous electron transport pathway through an interconnected carbon fibrous network but also an efficient electrolyte flux via an interpenetrating porous network.Besides,nanocrystalline TiO_(2)film on carbonized eggshell membrane offers a short ion diffusion path in the solid-phase,leading to a rapid kinetic of electrochemical reaction.When tested as an anode for Li-ion battery,TiO_(2)film in 3D electrode demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance with a large reversible capacity,excellent rate capacity and long life cycling property.

摘要： Neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. The reduction of hippocampal volume indepression remains controversial because of interindividual variability in clinical studies. Herein, we studied theeffects of clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that modulates serotonin and norepinephrine uptake, onchronic mild unpredictable stress (CMS) induced depressive-like behaviors, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and hippocampal volume. Using a rat model of CMS induced depression, we administered clomipramine every day for4 weeks, starting 8 weeks after the beginning of the CMS procedure. Behavioral changes were measured by forcedswim test, open field test, and elevated plus maze. Neuroinflammation in the hippocampus was assessed byimmunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hippocampal volumeswere dynamically measured using T2- weighted imaging with 7T structural magnetic resonance imaging.

摘要： The paper deals with the problem of the distribution of the medicine (enzyme) in the damaged biological tissue where the reaction enzyme—substrat takes place. The biological problem is reduced to a singular degenerate initial-boundary value problem for two coupled ordinary differential equations. Analytical solution of the singular degenerated IBV-problem was obtained by power series. The solution demonstrates the real situation and found suitable to depict the degeneration of singular system, caused by low concentration of the enzyme.

摘要： Death of infants from diarrhoea is a common occurrence in sub-Saharan Africa. This is attributed to unhygienic practices which aid the proliferation of diarrhoea-causing microorganisms. Among these microorganisms, Cam- pylobacter species have been reported as one of the causal agents, Campylobacter spp. are human intestinal pathogens of global importance and their pathogenicity mechanisms are not well understood. This study was designed to investigate the molecular characterisation of Campylobacter gotten from cultural methods in Osun State. Campylobacters isolated were biochemically characterized and biotyped. Confirmation of Campylobacter was done using flaA gene, hippuricase O for Campylobacter jejuni and aspartokinase gene for Campylobacter coli and single locus sequencing glnA gene were performed by PCR. Twenty five samples were amplified by PCR out of 57 Campylobacter strains that were positive for cultural methods from 815 stool samples with diarrhoea and 100 stool samples without diarrhoea. No Campylobacter was isolated from stools of children in the control group. Twenty-five isolates comprising of 18 Campylobater jejuni and 7 C. coli were identified. The nucleotide sequence of the gln A for all the isolated Campylobacter spp. showed 91.0% similarity with the ones in the GenBank. The C. jejuni was classified into biotypes I (44.4%) and II (55.6%) and all C. coli were of biotype I.

摘要： The final goal of this applied research is to simulate a Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant with a CO2 capture unit. The originality of this investigation is the integration of a methanation process to produce the natural gas of the power plant from the captured CO2. The objective of this first part of the investigation is to simulate a methanation reactor for the production of methane using 1 kg/hr. of captured carbon dioxide containing 95% mol. CO2 and 5% mol. H2O. To reach this goal, Aspen Plus software and the Redlich-Kwong-Soave equation of state with modified Huron-Vidal mixing rules are utilized. Three parameters are considered in order to maximize the production of CH4 production: 1) temperature, varying from 250°C to 300°C, 2) pressure varying between 10 atm to 40 atm and 3) [H2/CO2] ratio which varies between 2 to 6. The maximum production of methane of 0.875 kmol/hr. was obtained for the following operating conditions: [H2/CO2] ratio of 3.5, at relatively low temperature (250°C - 270°C) and high pressures 30 and 40 atm.

摘要： In the field of organic syntheses, the development of environmentally friendly methods based on the concept of green chemistry has been always required. In response to this requirement, we reported solvent- and catalyst-free syntheses of imines using the pressure reduction technique as a key technology. We found that this reaction proceeded very rapidly in the initial stage, but its rate decreased with the passage of time. It was also found that the reaction of benzaldehyde with aniline had a specificity that the phase transition occurred. In this method, the desired imines could be obtained in good to excellent yields, but target compounds had to be given by purifications using organic solvents. Therefore, we tried to develop the perfect synthetic method of imine derivatives without organic or inorganic solvents. We selected two methods and took them into this investigation. One was exactly mixing (1:1, substance ratio) aldehydes and amines and the other was employing lower pressure (>0.1 mmHg, previous method: 1.0 mmHg) at the pressure reducing technique. When this improved synthetic method was performed, it was revealed that pure target imines were obtained in excellent yields without any purification.

摘要： The studies on thermodynamics of irreversible processes currently concentrated on dissipation structure. While the most chemical reactions can't come to dissipation structure no matter how far the system from equilibrium. The chemical reaction rate ordinarily can't be described through a uniform equation at the same time. Here we describe the use of thermodynamics of irreversible processes theory to constitute the kinetic equation of homogeneous single chemical reacting system far from equilibrium. We find that when the equation is applied to the water-gas reaction, the equations of the fifth-order expression are obtained. Our results show that thermodynamics of irreversible process can be applied to chemical reacting systems which are far from equilibrium after the high-order term are considered.