圆斑星鲽

摘要： 圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegats)雌鱼生长快,成熟雌鱼个体大小是雄鱼的2倍以上,开展性别相关基因的功能研究,对于探究圆斑星鲽性别决定机制,建立单性培育技术具有重要意义.本研究获得了wtla及wtlb两个同源基因,wtla基因全长为3263bp,预测开放阅读框(ORF)长为1245bp,编码415个氨基酸,5'-UTR和3'-UTR分别长372bp和1640bp;wtlb基因全长为2312bp,预测开放阅读框(ORF)长为1281bp,编码427个氨基酸,5'-UTR和3'-UTR分别长369bp和659bp.wtla基因编码氨基酸分子量为46.2kDa,理论等电点为9.24,无跨膜结构及信号肽,在ORF末端有4个锌指结构,编码KTS三肽;wtlb基因编码氨基酸分子量为46.95kDa,理论等电点为8.99,无跨膜结构及信号肽,在ORF末端有4个锌指结构,并且编码KTS三肽.基因表达结果表明:wtla和wtlb基因主要在圆斑星鲽性腺中表达,精巢的表达高于卵巢,肾脏的表达量显著高于其他组织,推测wt1a基因和wt1b基因在性腺和肾脏发育过程及功能方面均发挥重要作用;在早期发育阶段,wt7a基因在原肠期之前微弱表达,从原肠早期开始逐渐上升至神经胚期表达量达到最高,之后逐渐下降,直至孵化阶段,推测wtla基因在圆斑星鲽原始生殖细胞分化过程及性腺发育中发挥重要作用.

摘要： 本实验旨在研究饲料中豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)幼鱼生长和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.用豆油分别替代0、25％、50％和75％的鱼油,配制4组等氮、等脂肪的饲料.选择初始体重为(65.47±1.57)g的圆斑星鲽幼鱼360尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,养殖56d.结果 显示,(1)随着豆油替代水平的升高,增重率(WGR)呈现降低的趋势(P＜0.05),饲料系数(FCR)呈现升高的趋势(P＜0.05),25％替代组的WGR高于鱼油组(P＜0.05).(2)豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分含量无显著性影响(P＞0.05),对肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)和肥满度(CF)无显著性影响(P＞0.05),豆油替代组肝脏的脂肪含量显著高于鱼油组(P＜0.05).(3)随着饲料中豆油水平的增加,圆斑星鲽幼鱼肌肉亚油酸(C18∶2n-6)和亚麻酸(C18∶3n-3)显著升高(P＜0.05),而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)则显著降低(P＜0.05).研究结果表明,在该实验条件下,饲料中高比例的豆油替代鱼油会降低鱼体的生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸营养品质.

摘要： 本研究旨在探究维生素C(VC)对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)早期发育中孵化率、出膜率和成活率的影响,对其消化酶和脂蛋白脂酶(Lipoprotein lipase,LPL)及肝脂酶(Hepatic Lipase,HL)的影响.实验用圆斑星鲽为人工受精卵,分为5组,孵化水体VC浓度分别为0、20、25、30和35 mg/L,分别在成熟卵、受精卵、原肠中期、晶体出现期、内源营养期(2日龄)、混合营养期(6日龄)及外源营养期(9日龄)取样.记录圆斑星鲽的出膜时间、出膜率和成活率,测定对照组和生长指标优越组的消化酶活性和2种酯酶的活性.结果显示,25 mg/L的VC能显著提高圆斑星鲽的出膜率和成活率,并缩短出膜时间(P＜0.05).VC能促进圆斑星鲽早期发育过程中蛋白质的沉积.外源营养期后,胃蛋白酶活性显著提高(P＜0.05),淀粉酶活性在混合营养期显著提高(P＜0.05),脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性在内源营养期就显著提高(P＜0.05).25 mg/L VC溶液浸泡使圆斑星鲽胚胎发育过程中的LPL和HL比活力显著升高(P＜0.05).合子中的LPL和HL基因可能在原肠期开始表达,合成脂质水解酶分解脂质,为胚胎发育供能.研究表明,圆斑星鲽成熟卵受精后脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶酶优先发挥作用,分解卵黄中的碳水化合物为胚胎发育迅速提供能量.25 mg/L的VC能显著提高消化酶活性,并促进蛋白质的沉积,有利于孵化成活的VC浓度可以显著促进圆斑星鲽早期发育的脂质代谢.%This study investigated effects of exogenous Vitamin C (VC) on the membrane time,hatching ratio,survival rate,growth characteristics,digestive enzyme activities and Lipases enzyme activities of spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) during early development using mature eggs by the method of artificial fertilization.The eggs were divided into five groups with five different VC concentration of 0,20,25,30,and 35 mg/L,respectively.Samples were collected at mature eggs,fertilized eggs,mid-gastrula,crystal appear,mixed nutrition and exogenous nutrition stages.The results showed that 25 mg/L VC significantly improved the hatching ratio,survival rate and growth characteristics and shorten the membrane time,and that VC contributed to the deposition of protein in spotted halibut during early development,and significantly enhanced the activity of pepsin after exogenous nutrition stage (P＜0.05).After mixed nutrition stage,VC significantly increased the activity of amylase (P＜0.05).After endogenous nutrition stage,VC significantly induced the activity of lipase and trypsin (P＜0.05).VC at 25 mg/L increased the activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase enzyme during embryo development (P＜0.05).The findings indicated that lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase genes in zygotes may play functions at gastrula stage when lipid hydrolytic enzymes express to release energy for embryonic development.The results demonstrate that lipase and trypsin priority digest carbohydrates in yolk of mature eggs from spotted halibut to provide energy for embryonic development right after fertilization.The study revealed that appropriate level of VC could improve lipid metabolism during embryo development of spotted halibut.

摘要： 为了考察3株异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)养殖废水的净化效果,选择初始体重为(98±6)g的圆斑星鲽240尾,随机分为8组.分别接种花津滩芽孢杆菌(Bacillus hwajinpoensis) SLWX2、嗜碱盐单胞菌(Halomonas alkaliphila) X3和麦氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas macleodii)SLNX2的不同组合.测定了不同组合中各项无机氮及有机物的变化情况.结果显示,在实验过程中,对照组氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、总氮和化学需氧量的浓度均呈持续上升趋势,分别从0.21 mg/L升至15.94mg/L,0.08 mg/L升至5.68 mg/L,1.10 mg/L升至7.05 mg/L,1.74 mg/L升至38.86 mg/L,1.19 mg/L升至22.87 mg/L.而加菌组的各指标浓度一直低于对照组,其中,SLWX2+X3+SLNX2组合对圆斑星鲽养殖废水净化效果最佳,氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、总氮、化学需氧量的浓度分别低于对照组68.55％、48.36％、58.38％、40.02％和27.47％,SLWX2+X3组合的净化效果次之.此外,第21天时,对照组出现大量死鱼现象,各实验组中仅有少量死鱼.研究表明,添加的异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌可在不添加碳源的情况下实现脱氮功能,有效维护养殖水质,并且对圆斑星鲽无毒害及致病作用.%High nitrogen concentration in intensive aquaculture systems has recently become a serious problem to impact the survival of farmed animals and the marine environment.The newly found heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria showed several advantages in removing the nitrogen in the waster waters.To investigate the purifying effect of three heterotrophic nitrificationaerobic denitrification bacteria strains on waste water of Verasper variegates farming,240 Verasper variegates (98+6) g were divided into 8 groups randomly.Simultaneously,the various combinations of Bacillus hwajinpoensis (SLWX2),Halomonas alkaliphila (X3),and Alteromonas macleodii (SLNX2) were inoculated into the culture tanks respectively.Different inorganic nitrogen and organic matter of the various combinations were determined.The results showed that the concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen,nitrite-nitrogen,nitrate-nitrogen,total nitrogen,and chemical oxygen demand in the control group during the whole experiment were from 0.21 mg/L to 15.94 mg/L,0.08 mg/L to 5.68 mg/L,1.10 mg/L to 7.05 mg/L,1.74 mg/L to 38.86 mg/L,and 1.19 mg/L to 22.87 mg/L,respectively.The concentrations of the indices in the trial groups were significantly lower than those of the control group.Among the trial groups,the group SLWX2+X3+SLNX2 showed the best purifying effect with the concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen,nitrite-nitrogen,nitrate-nitrogen,total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand 68.55％,48.36％,58.38％,40.02％,and 27.47％ lower than those in the control group,respectively.The group SLWX2+X3 showed the second best purifying effect.All trial groups had significantly lower fish death at the 21st day compared with the control group.The results indicated that these three heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria strains can effectively improve the water quality through nitrification and denitrification without adding carbon sources,and have no toxic or morbidity effect on Verasper variegatus.

摘要： 本研究筛选到圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)的性别相关基因sox9,并通过RACE技术获得了全长序列,基因全长为3287bp,包括1431bp的ORF,编码477个氨基酸,368 bp的5'UTR和1488 bp的3'UTR.在3'UTR中有多聚腺苷酸尾和加尾信号AATAAA.通过荧光定量PCR测定了sox9基因在圆斑星鲽成鱼不同组织中的表达水平,发现sox9基因在圆斑星鲽的脑、眼、鳃、心、肝、胆、肠、精巢、卵巢、肾和肌肉等各个组织中都有不同程度的表达.在鳃、脑和精巢组织中检测到较高水平的sox9转录,其中精巢中的转录水平显著高于其他组织,sox9基因在性腺中的表达显示出性别两相性差异.其在精巢中的表达水平要显著高于卵巢,说明sox9基因与雄性性腺发育相关.通过测定sox9基因在圆斑星鲽幼鱼不同发育时期(20、30、40、50、60、70和80日龄)的表达水平,发现其在20～50日龄表达量逐渐下降,在60日龄时表达量上升,推测表达量上升可能与幼鱼性腺分化相关.

摘要： 以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,配制成脂肪水平为8％,蛋白水平各为40％、45％、50％的三组饲料(分别表示为A、B、C组),分别对平均规格为(93.0±1.0)g的圆斑星鲽进行投饲.经过10周的饲养实验,结果表明:鱼体的生长受饲料中蛋白水平的影响显著,鱼体增重率随饲料中蛋白水平的升高而逐渐升高,饲料系数则随之降低.饲料中营养物质的表观消化率随饲料中蛋白水平的升高有升高的趋势,以C组的表观消化率最高,且显著高于A组.由此可见,饲料蛋白水平在50％时,圆斑星鲽的生长及对营养物质的吸收利用效果最好.

摘要： The abnormity of flatfish is very common in seeding breeding in aquaculture, and the morphological characteristics and distribution of chromatophores, as well as skin color changes during early life history(0–72 d)of Verasper variegatus were continuously observed and photographed, in order to offer reference for research and practice later. Results showed that the whole period of early development of spotted halibut lasted about 50 days in spawning water at 12–19.5 °C, and there was a rapid growing period after 20 days old.The larval melanophores occurred first and had the most contents, then xanthophores occurred, and iridophoress occurred finally. The larval cytochrome of fry body were distributed symmetrically before metamorphosis, with an increase of the melanophores density firstly and a decrease of the density followed, and the maximal density of melanophores were 1390 cells/mm2at 9 days old. When metamorphosis occurred, the cytochrome and skin color of fry became asymmetrical. On ocular side, larval melanophores of fry body disappeared and were replaced by adult ones, and skin color was saturated and black, and the density of melanophores was stable, about 150 cells/mm2 . However, on blind side, larval melanophores disappeared and no adult ones appeared, and skin color was white. In our study, albinism often occurred at metamorphosis (35 days old), and adult melanophores of ocular side were blocked, and could not pass the metamorphosis period, and became albino.%为研究圆斑星鲽早期发育过程中色素细胞的形态和分布,实验对1~72日龄的圆斑星鲽鱼苗进行了连续的显微观察,并绘制了早期发育生长曲线.结果显示,圆斑星鲽从20日龄开始进入快速的增长期,在水温12~19.5°C时完成变态发育需要50 d,黑色素细胞最早出现,数量最多,黄色素细胞次之,虹彩细胞最后发育,数量最少.变态前黑色素细胞密度先升高后降低,在9日龄密度最大为1390个/mm2,色素细胞逐渐密集鱼体两侧对称分布;变态开始后鱼体两侧色素不对称,有眼侧体表黑色素细胞逐渐溶解消退,由成体黑色素细胞代替,体色变深,黑色素细胞密度稳定在150个/mm2;无眼侧黑色素细胞逐渐消溶退化,体色逐渐变白.白化个体在变态开始后出现,有眼侧不能形成成体黑色素细胞,形成白化.

摘要： 为了解工厂化养殖条件下圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)幼鱼的生长特性,在水温9.0~22.5°C时,对圆斑星鲽幼鱼的体长和体质量进行了近1年的测定分析.结果显示:平均体长为(9.29±0.16)cm、平均体质量为(22.11±1.03)g的5月龄左右的圆斑星鲽幼鱼,经1年的人工饲养后平均体长为(36.15±0.36)cm、平均体质量为(647.97±12.54)g,体长与日龄之间呈线性关系L=1.492 x+2.350,R2=0.966,其体长平均瞬时增长率为0.12,体长平均月增长量为2.44 cm;体质量与日龄之间呈指数关系Wgc=9.380 e0.264 x,R2=0.960,其体质量平均瞬时增长率为0.31,体质量平均月增长量为56.92 g;体长与体质量的回归曲线Wwl=0.030 x2.971,R2=0967,幂指数约等于3,表明体质量与体长的立方呈正相关系,为等比生长类型.在工厂化养殖条件下,圆斑星鲽幼鱼的体质量增长量、体质量相对生长率、体质量瞬时生长率与水温变化大体一致,16~18°C时增重较快;反映幼鱼生长阶段的生长指标、生长系数波动较大,没有显示出规律性;体质量与体长呈显著相关,处于负异速生长阶段.%In order to understand the growth characteristics of Varasper variegates under industrial farming conditions,an one-year experiment was conducted on juvenile Varasper variegates with the water temperature being 9 ~ 22.5 °C,and the body weight and length were measured and analyzed.The results showed that after one year artificial rearing,the mean body weight and mean body length of the 5-month-old juveniles increased from (22.11±1.03)g and (9.29±0.16)cm to (647.97±12.54)g and (36.15±0.36)cm,respectively.There was a linear relationship between the total length and month age:L=1.492x+2.35,R2=0.966,with the body length increasing by 2. 44 cm averagely per month and an instantaneous length growing ratio of 0. 12. There was a power function relationship between body weight and month age:Wgc=9.380e0.264x,R2=0.960,with the body weight increasing by 56.92 g averagely per month and an instantaneous weight growing rate of 0.31.The length-weight relationship was Wwl=0.030x2.971,R2=0.967,the power was close to 3,showing that body weight was positively related to the cube of body length and the juvenile fish was of isometric growth. Under industrial farming conditions, the body weight gain, relative weight growth rate, instantaneous weight growing rate of juvenile Verasper variegatus were in line with the changing of water temperature,and the weight of juvenile fish grew more rapidly at the water temperature of 16~18°C;while the growth indices and growth constant reflecting growth stage of juvenile fish, showed no regularity, and the body weight was significantly negative related to body length,showing the juvenile Verasper variegatus were at allometric growth stage.

摘要： Verasper variegatus is an important representative species of the Pleuronectiformes. It has a fast growth rate, most parts of its body are edible, and the meat is tender and delicious; all these features make V. variegatus a good aquaculture candidate. In order to explore the relationship between morphometric traits and body weight in V. variegatus, full length (FL), body length (BL), body height (BH), head length (HL), head height (HH), caudal pe-duncle length (CL), caudal peduncle height (CH), snout length (SL), and body weight (BW) of V. variegatus at 11, 14, and 17 months of age were measured. Correlation and path analysis were conducted, and the effects of each morphometric trait on body weight were separated into direct and indirect effects. Regression analyses were con-ducted with morphological traits as independent variables and body weight as the dependent variable at each growth stage. The results showed that (1) different morphometric traits had significant path coefficients at each growth stage; at the 11 month stage, the morphometric traits that significantly affected body weight were BH and BL, at the 14 month stage, the significant morphometric traits were FL, BH, and HL, at the 17 month stage, the significant traits were FL and BH. (2) The regression equations at 11, 14, and 17 months of age were Y=-186.412+17.381XBH+10.517XBL, Y =-362.484+13.145XFL+ 20.172XBH+21.199XHL, and Y =-816.147+24.121XFL+40.575XBH, respectively. (3) Besides the morphometric traits included in this study, body thickness is another po-tentially important trait that can affect body weight. This study demonstrated the relationship between mor-phometric traits and body weight. The results provide valuable information and theoretical guidance for V. varie-gatus breeding programs.%圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)作为中国鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes)养殖鱼类的重要代表种类,具有生长速度快,可食用部分多,肉质细嫩等特点.为了探究圆斑星鲽形态性状与体重的关系,本研究分别测定11月龄、14月龄和17月龄3个不同生长期圆斑星鲽的体重及全长(FL)、体长(BL)、体高(BH)、头长(HL)、头高(HH)、尾柄长(CL)、尾柄高(CH)、吻长(SL)共计8个形态性状,分别进行相关分析和通径分析,剖析形态性状对于体重的直接作用和间接作用;利用回归分析的方法,建立各个时期以形态指标为自变量,体重为因变量的最优线性回归方程.结果显示,1)不同生长阶段,影响体重的重点形态指标存在差异,影响11月龄圆斑星鲽体重的主要形态性状为体高和体长,14月龄阶段为全长、体高和头长,17月龄阶段为全长和体高;2)11月龄、14月龄和17月龄形态性状对体重(Y)的多元回归方程分别为:Y=-186.412+17.381XBH+10.517XBL,Y=-362.484+13.145XFL+20.172XBH+21.199XHL,Y=-816.147+24.121XFL+40.575XBH;3)除本研究所包括的形态指标外,体厚可能为另外一个影响圆斑星鲽体重的重要指标.本研究阐明了体重与形态指标间的相关关系,为圆斑星鲽的良种选育提供了生物学依据.

摘要： 本文采用同源克隆和基因组步移法，克隆了圆斑星鲽肌肉生长抑制素基因(MSTN)的部分序列。利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)法，克隆了圆斑星鲽的主要组织相容性复合物二型基因(MHCⅡB)的全长cDNA序列。

摘要： 为了认识2龄雌性圆斑星鲽的生殖特性和生殖潜力,本文采用注射外源激素诱导方法,研究了外源激素鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素(sGnRH)、促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRHa)诱导2龄雌鱼卵巢发育的效果.结果表明:两种外源激素以sGnRH对卵母细胞成熟的诱导效果为好.

摘要： 本文详尽观察和记录了圆斑星鲽胚胎及胚后生长发育过程,对其早期生长发育过程的形态及数量特征进行了系统的描述.

摘要： 采用外源激素诱导方法,研究了外源激素sGnRH、LHRHa诱导2+龄雌性圆斑星鲽后备亲鱼性腺发育的效果.结果表明,2+龄圆斑星鲽对外源激素的诱导应答效应较性成熟亲鱼弱,卵母细胞可达到5时相早中期,但未能发生水合作用而成熟.两种外源激素以sGnRH诱导效果为好.外源激素诱导后,血浆中性类固醇激素(雌二醇和睾酮)的表达水平显示显著升高,96h后表达水平下降恢复至正常水平.同时，肝细胞道怪增加，有约30%的亲鱼性腺可见相对明显的隆起。本研究未能获得亲鱼产卵，其可能是因为2+亲鱼内分泌成熟调控系统对外源激素的响应机制未完全建立。本结果为认识人工养殖条件下圆斑星鲽的生殖特性和其周年受精卵获取提供了理论支持和技术依据。

摘要： 研究了圆斑星鲽卵巢年周期发育的组织学规律及其数量形态特征变化.结果表明:圆斑星鲽产卵属一年一次分批产卵类型,卵巢发育属非同步分批成熟类型.性成熟亲鱼在年周期发育中经历5个发育时期,同时可见5个发育时相的卵母细胞,不同发育时期的卵巢中卵母细胞类型和组成比例不同.性腺指数(GSI)、肝脏指数(HSI)和肥满度(CF)在亲鱼的年周期发育中呈现规律性的变化,与卵巢发育呈现密切的关联.亲鱼卵巢发育的有效积温为1050日度.这些结果可为亲鱼促熟培育和人工激素催产时机选择提供充分的技术依据.

摘要： 对星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)♀×圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)♂杂交的子一代(杂交鲽)肌肉营养成分进行分析测定,并与其亲本进行了分析比较.结果显示,杂交鲽的含水率和粗蛋白略低于双亲,粗脂肪含量介于二者之间;杂交鲽氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及鲜味氨基酸总量均低于双亲,但EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA均高于双亲,此外,杂交鲽肌肉中缬氨酸的含量明显高于双亲;脂肪酸含量方面,杂交鲽的EPA明显高于双亲,DHA比星斑川鲽也有所提高.

摘要： 圆斑星鲽是海域增殖放流的优良品种也是我国工厂化养殖的优良品种。本研究从2005年起收购日本圆斑星鲽，进行亲鱼培育、催熟、催产、人工授精、完成苗种繁育技术研究。繁育用群体800尾，采取温控暂养(水温波动19°C-22°C-6°C );营养强化(以白姑鱼、鲐鱼为主添加鱿鱼、沙蚕、深水螺);激素促熟(HCG/HLRH)和控光控温配合措施(6h: l8h);适时采精采卵(卵经=1.3-1.6)、人工授精;经过6-7天孵化，进行苗种培育技术研究，获得了宝贵的现场资料。同时建立了繁育群体的个体档案，掌握了圆斑星鲽亲鱼的促熟方法、促熟时间、成熟卵采集时机，成熟卵的判断方法、人工授精方法和培苗技术，总结出圆斑星鲽繁育群体的促熟、催产及苗种培育的特殊规律。

摘要： 本文着重介绍了圆斑星鲽里要的生物学特性、繁育、养殖和分子生物学等方面的研究进展，并对当前人工养殖中存在的问题和发展前景进行了分析。

摘要： 本文探讨了不同水温(15°C、20°C和25°C)下、不同浓度MS-222对圆斑星鲽成鱼的麻醉效果.根据鱼体在最终麻醉状态和复苏过程中的行为特征,分别把麻醉和复苏过程分为6个和4个时期.15°C、20°C和25°C时MS-222麻醉圆斑星鲽成鱼的有效质量浓度分别为180～300mg/L、160～280mg/L和150～230mg/L.实验结果表明:高水温条件下成鱼进入麻醉状态所需麻醉剂浓度较低;在最适麻醉浓度范围内.浓度越高，鱼体达到A4期的麻醉时间越短.但复苏时间无明显差异。随着水温的升高，同等麻醉浓度的麻醉剂对圃斑星蝶的麻醉效果逐渐增强。MS-222麻醉圆斑星鲽的效果好，鱼体入麻时间短、复苏快，安全边界宽，是一种理想的鱼用麻醉剂。

摘要： 氨氮是鱼类蛋白质代谢的最终产物,占鱼类氮代谢的60％～80％.如今鱼类已形成高密度工厂化养殖,但鱼类的残饵和排泄物经过氨化作用而产生大量氨态氮,并以非离子氨为主要毒性形式.有研究证明,氨氮是诱发鱼病的主要环境因子.当水生动物机体在受到氨氮连续刺激且超过机体调节阈值时抗氧化系统会遭到破坏,鳃、肾和肝组织结构发生病变,呼吸系统和排泄系统受到损害,进而影响机体的生长发育.目前国内外已有较多关于氨氮胁迫对水生动物影响的报道,如黑鲷、牙鲆、黄颡鱼、克氏原螯虾、奥尼罗非鱼等.

摘要： 一种圆斑星鲽雌鱼与条斑星鲽雄鱼杂交育种育苗方法，包括亲本选择，亲鱼培育和生殖调控，人工受精和孵化，仔稚鱼和幼鱼培育；母本选用3+龄圆斑星鲽，父本为2+龄条斑星鲽；通过控温、控光和营养强化，促进雌雄亲鱼性成熟同步。人工受精，受精率达到50％；孵化水温(10±0.5)°C，受精卵160h后孵出仔鱼，孵化率50％以上；饲料系列为L型轮虫+小球藻→卤虫无节幼体→配合饲料。仔鱼前期小水体(1-35日龄，水体3m3)培育，水温(10±0.5)°C；3d后，每2d升高0.5°C，至(15±0.5)°C后则维持不变；后期培育水体30m3。经80d培育，从仔鱼培育到平均30mm幼鱼的成活率为20％。本发明可培育新品种和实现规模化苗种繁育。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种绿鳍马面鲀与圆斑星鲽的越冬混养方法，包括：将需要越冬的绿鳍马面鲀从海上网箱通过水车运输至圆斑星鲽养殖车间内，选取绿鳍马面鲀健康苗种放养至圆斑星鲽已正常投喂养殖一周以上的养殖池内进行混养。本发明通过利用不同物种生长空间和营养层次的差异在同一水体空间内进行越冬养殖，可提高水体空间利用率，同时保证越冬期间在混养过程中混养品种之间无互相伤害，造成绿鳍马面鲀或圆斑星鲽损失。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种圆斑星鲽与大菱鲆的混养方法，放养大菱鲆数量占圆斑星鲽养殖数量的4％‑5％。本发明操作方便，便于观察，结合了同样养殖条件下不同生物学特性方面的特点，从而能够更方便观察和判断养殖水体中病菌情况，以提高圆斑星鲽养殖成活率。

摘要： 一种圆斑星鲽成体体色调控方法，属于水产养殖技术领域，它包括车间屋面改造和光照调节；所述的车间屋面改造为采用透光率不同的两种或多种覆盖物交替摆放；所述的光照调节为在每个养殖池均匀安装2～4个不同功率的单色光源或2～4个同一功率的不同颜色光源。本发明利用圆斑星鲽体色对环境的适应性，调整养殖车间屋面透光性、光照强度和光源颜色，人为造成光照强度和颜色不均匀，使养殖的圆斑星鲽成体体色正常比例在70％以上，显著提高了圆斑星鲽的商品价格。

摘要： 一种圆斑星鲽在自然海水养殖条件下的安全度夏方法，属于水产养殖技术领域，它包括调节养殖密度、增大溶氧量，加大流水量、减少饵料投喂量和投喂免疫制剂。采用该方法，我国北方养殖场在单纯依靠自然海水养殖圆斑星鲽的情况下，在夏季水温高达28°C时，存活率仍高达95％，从而扩大了圆斑星鲽的推广养殖区域。本发明与夏季使用制冷水降温养殖相比，该方法可显著降低成本。

摘要： 一种圆斑星鲽雌鱼与条斑星鲽雄鱼杂交育种育苗方法，包括亲本选择，亲鱼培育和生殖调控，人工受精和孵化，仔稚鱼和幼鱼培育；母本选用3+龄圆斑星鲽，父本为2+龄条斑星鲽；通过控温、控光和营养强化，促进雌雄亲鱼性成熟同步。人工受精，受精率达到50％；孵化水温(10±0.5)°C，受精卵160h后孵出仔鱼，孵化率50％以上；饲料系列为L型轮虫+小球藻→卤虫无节幼体→配合饲料。仔鱼前期小水体(1-35日龄，水体3m3)培育，水温(10±0.5)°C；3d后，每2d升高0.5°C，至(15±0.5)°C后则维持不变；后期培育水体30m3。经80d培育，从仔鱼培育到平均30mm幼鱼的成活率为20％。本发明可培育新品种和实现规模化苗种繁育。

摘要： 本发明属于圆斑星鲽孵化领域，旨在提供一种圆斑星鲽优受精卵的孵化装置及方法，其技术方案要点包括孵化池，所述孵化池包括圆柱形桶体、与圆柱形桶体的端面相接的圆锥形桶体，所述圆柱形桶体配套有进水管和滤水器，所述圆锥形桶体背离圆柱形桶体的一端连接有排污管。这种设备在操作过程中方便快捷、对鱼卵的损害较小，比常规操作提高了孵化成活率。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种绿鳍马面鲀与圆斑星鲽的越冬混养方法，包括：将需要越冬的绿鳍马面鲀从海上网箱通过水车运输至圆斑星鲽养殖车间内，选取绿鳍马面鲀健康苗种放养至圆斑星鲽已正常投喂养殖一周以上的养殖池内进行混养。本发明通过利用不同物种生长空间和营养层次的差异在同一水体空间内进行越冬养殖，可提高水体空间利用率，同时保证越冬期间在混养过程中混养品种之间无互相伤害，造成绿鳍马面鲀或圆斑星鲽损失。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种圆斑星鲽与大菱鲆的混养方法，放养大菱鲆数量占圆斑星鲽养殖数量的4％‑5％。本发明操作方便，便于观察，结合了同样养殖条件下不同生物学特性方面的特点，从而能够更方便观察和判断养殖水体中病菌情况，以提高圆斑星鲽养殖成活率。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种圆斑星鲽优劣质受精卵的分离方法，步骤如下：a、得到卵、精；b、将卵、精同时倒入海水塑料水桶中；c、利用搅拌设备进行搅拌；d、利用浮力将圆斑星鲽优质受精卵与劣质受精卵分离；e、分离后的优质受精卵进行清洗，去除多余的精液；f、对分离后的优质受精卵连续换水淘洗至水清无浮沫；h、将洗净后的受精卵放入孵化桶孵化。本发明解决了圆斑星鲽优劣质受精卵的分离，分离率可达95％以上，该方法简单、实用便于操作，成本低，有效并极大提高了圆斑星鲽受精卵的孵化率。