ratio

摘要： In this paper,by deriving an inequality involving the generating function of the Bernoulli numbers,the author introduces a new ratio of finitely many gamma functions,finds complete monotonicity of the second logarithmic derivative of the ratio,and simply reviews the complete monotonicity of several linear combinations of finitely many digamma or trigamma functions.

摘要： Objectives: To study the biometric dimensions of upper front teeth in a Hong Kong SAR population including gender differences and compare this with the often recommended use of the Golden Proportion when selecting tooth proportions. Methods: A sample of dental casts was obtained from 100 patients: 50 females and 50 males with an age range from 18 to 35 years. The sample was selected based on the criteria of intact maxillary anterior dental arches, free from imbrications and crowding, no restorations or replaced teeth in the upper front teeth. The width and length of the 600 upper anterior teeth included in the casts were measured, together with the combined upper anterior tooth width for each cast. Analysis of width/height ratio, sexual dimorphism, and golden proportions was statistically analyzed. The data was analysed by SPSS using one-sample t-test, two-sample t-test, and paired t-test. Results: Most measurements had a normal distribution. Paired sample t-test revealed that the average length of male maxillary incisors is significantly higher than female maxillary incisors, while there is no obvious difference in maxillary incisor width. The mean width/length ratio of maxillary incisors ranges from 0.78 to 0.87. The mean values of maxillary apparent tooth width prove that the golden proportion (GP) ratio 1.618 was absent in the current sample. The current study data shows that the mean values of tooth width and length differed from some other populations. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this research, there is no statistically significant difference in the maxillary anterior tooth dimensions for the right and left sides of the arch. Length and width dimensions of the central incisor (CI) were greater than those of lateral incisor (LI) and Canine (C) for both genders, suggesting CI to be the dominant anterior tooth. Some gender differences in tooth dimensions, with males tend to have longer tooth dimensions than females, the average width/length ratio of the female is higher than male, which confirms that the male tends to have longer teeth. The result shows the absence of golden proportion (GP) ratios suggesting that the Golden Proportion guideline was not applicable for the Hong Kong SAR population for either gender.

摘要： Depression is a common mental disorder of great sex dimorphism(higher incidence in women).The intrauterine milieu exposure to sex hormones may be results in the increased vulnerability of depression.The second to fourth digit ratio(2D:4D)is considered to reflect the prenatal exposure to sex hormones.Thus,our study is to explore the potential relationship between the 2D:4D and the depression in Chinese women.Both hands of 244 females(controls:127,patients:117)and 178 males(controls 124,patients 54)were photographed.2D:4D and left minus right hand(DuR),body mass index(BMI)were compared and analyzed.

摘要： Global warming and its climatic and environmental effects have mainly been investigated in terms of the absolute warming rate.Little attention has been paid to the contribution of absolute warming rate to variability on various time scales of surface air temperature(SAT),which may be a more direct index for measuring the ecoclimatic effect of warming trend.The present study analyzed the role of secular warming trend in the variations of global land SAT for 1901–2016.Less than one-third of annual SAT variations were contributed by the warming trend over large parts of the globe generally.The ratios were up to two-thirds over eastern South America,parts of South Africa and the regions around the southwestern Mediterranean and Sunda islands where the absolute warming rate was moderate but the endemic species were undergoing exceptional loss of habitat.The ratios also exhibited smallest seasonal difference over these regions.Therefore,the ratio of the warming trend to the SAT variations may be a better measure compared to the absolute warming rate for the local ecoclimate.We should also pay more attention to the regions with high ratio,not only the regions with the high absolute warming rate.

摘要： 记忆中的小猫大多是慵懒散漫的,吋常迷离着眼,舒服地卧着晒太阳,偶尔伸伸懒腰,翻过身子继续睡下。不过在一家图书馆里,有位名叫Horatio的猫咪员工,不仅扮演着图书馆吉祥物的角色,,更是每周认真上班。

摘要： When am I ever going to use this?GEARS Gears are used in objects thathave spinning parts,such as bicycles and pendulum clocks.Suppose you have a larger gear that has 80 teeth beingturned by a smaller gear that has 20 teeth.The comparison of the size of the larger gear to the size of the smaller gear is called a gear ratio.

摘要： The vital role of anthocyanins in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is now known to most consumers. The richness of anthocyanins in antioxidants, vitamin C, minerals, etc., provides Hibiscus juice with proven nutritional qualities. The health requirements of recent years have made food products with added preservatives or processed at high temperatures less popular, thus explaining the new orientations towards innovative and interdisciplinary technologies. Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. are, however, sensitive to degradation factors such as temperature, light, enzymes and also oxygen. The instability of anthocyanins has long been a subject of research using classic techniques such as heat treatment, the results of which are often limited by the rapid degradation and above all the destruction of the nutritional and organoleptic qualities of the product. Oxygen dissolved in juices is so far treated by bubbling with an inert gas or by adding other molecules such as preservatives which can cause a lot of health damage. The electrochemical approach is a new stabilisation technique that reduces the dissolved oxygen in the juice, cold and without the addition of other molecules. The electrolysis of Hibiscus juice was carried out by noble electrodes (Platinum and Stainless Steel) with a well-characterised Time/Potential or Time/Intensity couple. The electroreduced samples and the control were then stored at 4°C, 25°C and 37°C for more than 6 months. Monitoring of anthocyanins in the first month, of the samples and the control, showed a significant difference of 10% between the electroreduced extract and the untreated control at 37°C, which had previously been problematic for the heat treatment and even for the other membrane techniques. Oxygen reduction on the platinum electrode/ECS allowed the retention of more than 10% of anthocyanins after 4 weeks of storage at 25°C and 37°C. At 4°C, a significant difference of 5% between the electro-reduced Hibiscus juice and the control was maintained until the fifth month of storage with the 1/5 ratio (calyx/water). Non-significant losses in anthocyanin (10 mg/l), for the juice with reduced dissolved oxygen, were noted for the 1/5 and 1/15 ratios during the first month of storage at 4°C against 24 mg/l of significant losses for the 1/20 ratio. However, the untreated control showed significant losses for the ratios 1/20, 1/15 and 1/5. Oxygen dissolved in the juice therefore considerably degrades the anthocyanins of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from the first month of storage at 4°C.

摘要： Sand Compaction Piles(SCP)commonly known as Sand Columns(SC)now has been vastly used for reinforcing the range of soft soils.The installation of sand columns results in enhancing the ultimate bearing capacity of soft soil,increase the rate of consolidation,prevention of liquefaction in loose sandy soils and provide lateral resistance against the horizontal movement.This research aims at investigating the effects of floating columns in clayey soil with silty deposits by developing small scale laboratory models.The laboratory tests were conducted on a circular column of 37 mm diameter and results of the treated ground are compared to the untreated ground.The effects of sand columns on soils of different shear strengths(low-medium-high),slenderness ratio(L/D)of columns and different loading pattern are investigated.Group effect was also investigated by varying the spacing between the columns.The equivalent entire area of test model was loaded to determine the stiffness of composite ground and axial capacity of sand column was determined by loading the column area alone.Based on current study,it was concluded that sand column can significantly enhance the engineering properties of soft clayey soil.Also,the group effect was studied and it was concluded that by increasing the spacing between the columns,the group efficiency decreases.The axial capacity of sand columns decreases while increasing the spacing between the columns.

摘要： BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a heterogeneous hepatobiliary cancer with limited treatment options.A number of studies have illuminated the relationship between inflammation-based prognostic scores and outcomes in patients with ICC.However,the use of reliable and personalized prognostic algorithms in ICC after resection is pending.AIM To assess the prognostic value of the gamma-glutamyltransferase to lymphocyte ratio(GLR)in ICC patients following curative resection.METHODS ICC patients following curative resection(2009-2017)were divided into two cohorts:The derivation cohort and validation cohort.The derivation cohort was used to explore an optimal cut-off value,and the validation cohort was used to further evaluate the score.Overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)were analyzed,and predictors of OS and RFS were determined.RESULTS A total of 527 ICC patients were included and randomly divided into the derivation cohort(264 patients)and the validation cohort(263 patients).The two patient cohorts had comparable baseline characteristics.The optimal cut-off value for the GLR was 33.7.Kaplan-Meier curves showed worse OS and RFS in the GLR>33.7 group compared with GLR≤33.7 group in both cohorts.After univariate and multivariate analysis,the results indicated that GLR was an independent prognostic factor of OS[derivation cohort:hazard ratio(HR)=1.620,95%confidence interval(CI):1.066-2.462,P=0.024;validation cohort:HR=1.466,95%CI:1.033-2.142,P=0.048]and RFS[derivation cohort:HR=1.471,95%CI:1.029-2.103,P=0.034;validation cohort:HR=1.480,95%CI:1.057-2.070,P=0.022].CONCLUSION The preoperative GLR is an independent prognostic factor for ICC patients following hepatectomy.A high preoperative GLR is associated with worse OS and RFS.

摘要： In recent years, as the enrollment rate of Chinese colleges has increased year by year, the identification of needy undergraduates has become increasingly important. However, the traditional way to identify college students with financial difficulties mainly relies on manual review and collective voting, which easily causes subjectivity and randomness. To alleviate the problem above, this paper establishes an automatic identification model for needy undergraduates based on the 1842 questionnaires collected from undergraduates in WHUT. Firstly, this paper filters the questionnaire preliminary using the local outlier factor algorithm. Secondly, this paper combines mutual information, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and distance correlation coefficient by rank-sum ratio to select features for eliminating noise from irrelevant features. Thirdly, this paper trains filed-aware factor machine model and compares it with other models, such as Logistic Regression, SVM, etc. Eventually, this paper finds that filed-aware factor machine performers much better than other models in the identification of needy undergraduates, and prominent features affecting the identification of needy undergraduates are the year of the family income, cost of living provided parents, etc.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于RATIO值最大原则的卫星差分系统间偏差确定方法。在紧组合模型中，首先对不同系统观测值进行组合，并根据组合方程计算出坐标参数、伪距DISB和包含载波DISB的模糊度浮点解。根据模糊度浮点解的方差协方差阵计算其降相关矩阵，并利用降相关矩阵对载波DISB所处直线进行空间转换，确定样本点位置并根据样本点找出所有的最优模糊度组。根据RATIO计算公式对最优模糊度备选组和载波DISB所处直线进行空间转换，计算各最优模糊度备选组对应的偏移值及对应的RATIO值，将最大RATIO值对应的偏移值作为最终载波DISB结果。本发明方法结合RATIO值最大原则和几何原理直接确定载波DISB，模糊度固定成功率高于常规方法，有利于紧组合模型实际应用。

摘要： 一种基于Otsu的Ratio算子自适应图像边缘检测方法，包括以下步骤：(1)获取图像，将其转化为灰度图；(2)对灰度图进行高斯滤波去除图像噪声；(3)设定四个方向的Ratio算子滑动检测模板，分别为0°、90°、180°、270°，使用这四个滑动模板计算得到图像像素点的Ratio值；(4)利用Otsu方法自动获取像素点Ratio的阈值，得到伪边缘图像；(5)对伪边缘图像进行非极大值抑制，得到最终的边缘图像。本发明通过Otsu自动得到Ratio算子的阈值，无需人工手动不断尝试，结合非极大值抑制，准确实时地完成自适应图像边缘检测。

摘要： PAPR确定装置(10)具有检测部(11)和PAPR确定部(12)。检测部(11)检测成为使功率放大器(20)的饱和功率发生变动的因素的规定值的变化。由检测部(11)检测到规定值的变化时，PAPR确定部(12)确定出与功率放大器(20)的饱和功率对应的PAPR值。具体而言，PAPR确定部(12)将以适于功率放大器(20)的饱和功率为最小情况的方式而确定的PAPR值设定为初始值。另外，PAPR确定部(12)在使PAPR设定值阶段地增大的同时搜索最大的PAPR设定值。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于Ratio的GNSS发转发式欺骗检测方法。该方法利用欺骗干扰对接收机跟踪环路的影响，利用改进Ratio检测量进行检测，以此判断是否存在转发式欺骗信号。在此过程中，首先计算出相干积分内相关器同相支路和正交支路的超前、滞后和即时输出，并以此计算出改进Ratio检测量，接着将不同支路的结果进行比较，检测是否存在欺骗干扰。该方法引入了欺骗信号对相关器正交支路的影响，相较于传统Ratio检测有着更高的检测率。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于RATIO值极大原则的卫星差分系统间偏差确定方法。在紧组合模型中，首先对不同系统观测值进行组合，并根据组合方程计算出坐标参数、伪距DISB和包含载波DISB的模糊度浮点解。根据模糊度浮点解的方差协方差阵计算其降相关矩阵，并利用降相关矩阵对载波DISB所处直线进行空间转换，确定样本点位置并根据样本点找出所有的最优模糊度组。根据RATIO计算公式对最优模糊度备选组和载波DISB所处直线进行空间转换，计算各最优模糊度备选组对应的偏移值及对应的RATIO值，将最大RATIO值对应的偏移值作为最终载波DISB结果。本发明方法结合RATIO值极大原则和几何原理直接确定载波DISB，模糊度固定成功率高于常规方法，有利于紧组合模型实际应用。

摘要： 一种基于Otsu的Ratio算子自适应图像边缘检测方法，包括以下步骤：(1)获取图像，将其转化为灰度图；(2)对灰度图进行高斯滤波去除图像噪声；(3)设定四个方向的Ratio算子滑动检测模板，分别为0°、90°、180°、270°，使用这四个滑动模板计算得到图像像素点的Ratio值；(4)利用Otsu方法自动获取像素点Ratio值的阈值；(5)进行非极大值抑制，对图像二值化。本发明通过Otsu自动得到Ratio算子的阈值，无需人工手动不断尝试，结合非极大值抑制，准确实时地完成自适应图像边缘检测。

摘要： PAPR确定装置(10)具有检测部(11)和PAPR确定部(12)。检测部(11)检测成为使功率放大器(20)的饱和功率发生变动的因素的规定值的变化。由检测部(11)检测到规定值的变化时，PAPR确定部(12)确定出与功率放大器(20)的饱和功率对应的PAPR值。具体而言，PAPR确定部(12)将以适于功率放大器(20)的饱和功率为最小情况的方式而确定的PAPR值设定为初始值。另外，PAPR确定部(12)在使PAPR设定值阶段地增大的同时搜索最大的PAPR设定值。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于ratio值的北斗高精度定位的平滑解算数据方法，包括以下步骤：通过GNSS基线后处理解算获取高精度解算结果；根据预设的ratio阈值，筛选出高精度解算结果中可靠程度相对较高的结果值；将按照ratio阀值过滤后的解算结果按照ratio值从大到小进行排序；从大到小选取按照ratio值排序后的比率的解算结果进行平滑处理，从而得到平滑结果。