prostate cancer

摘要： Background: In low incomes country, management and follow up of prostate cancer were hard due to difficult to earn drug and difficult access of new test imaging. We explore the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of prostate cancer at regional university hospital of Parakou from 1st January 2017 to 1st January 2019. Objective: To study diagnostic and clinical aspects of prostate cancer at regional university hospital of Parakou. Methodology: This study was descriptive with prospective data collection (1st January 2017 to 1st January 2019). Patients who were admitted to the department were included. Demographic, clinical and anatomopathological variables were studied. Result: Eighty-one patients were included;the hospital prevalence is 1.6%. The mean year old of patients was sixty-nine years old ± 10 years old (farthest 45 years old and 95 years old). More than half patients were seventy years old. The medical past history of family cancer were found in 6.1% of cases. The complaints were voiding difficult in 54.3% of cases, urinary frequency in 46.9% of cases, complete urine retention in 28.4% of cases and bones pain in 14.8% of cases. The average time of consultation was 24.3 months (farthest 2 months and 48 months). The mean of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 93.1 ng/ml (farthest 4 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml). Adenocarcinoma was found in 84.1% of cases. Classic X-ray imaging was used in most cases to detect metastasis. Five patients had done thoracic-abdominal-pelvis tomography. Sixty-six patients (81.5% of cases) were prostate cancer metastasis. Conclusion: Prostate cancer was frequently disease in seventy years old patients. Diagnostic was late in this study. Awareness campaign of patients for early consult was recommended.

摘要： Objective Docetaxel-based combination chemotherapy has traditionally been the standard treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(PCa).However,most patients eventually develop resistance to this treatment,which further reduces their survival.This study aimed to determine key molecular genes in docetaxel-resistant PCa cell lines using bioinformatic approaches.Methods The analysis of microarray data GSE33455(including DU-145/DU-145R and PC-3/PC-3R cell lines)obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database was performed using GEO2R.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of DU-145/DU-145R and PC-3/PC-3R cell lines were selected,and the intersection of DEGs between the two groups was obtained.DEGs were annotated with the Gene Ontology(GO)function and enriched with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway using an online platform(https://cloud.oebiotech.cn/task/detail/array_enrichment/).The online tool Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes(https://string-db.org/)was used to obtain the DEG network graph and matrix list,which was imported into Cytoscape 3.6.1 and analyzed using the Molecular Complex Detection plug-in to detect potential functional modules in the network.Results A total of 131 intersection DEGs were identified between non-treated and docetaxel-resistant PCa cell lines.GO functional annotation showed that the main genes involved were present in the plasma membrane and were involved in positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity,positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly,centriolar subdistal appendage,and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in IL-17 signaling pathway,cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,rheumatoid arthritis,legionellosis,and folate biosynthesis.We identified two distinct hubs of DEGs:(1)CD274,C-X-C motif chemokine ligand(CXCL)1,DExD/H-box helicase 58,CXCL2,CXCL8,colony-stimulating factor 2,C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),CXCL5,and CXCL6 and(2)argininosuccinate lyase,argininosuccinate synthase 1,and asparagine synthetase.Except for the CXCR4 gene that was downregulated,the other 11 genes showed upregulated expression.Conclusion Certain differential genes may be potential targets for predicting and treating metastatic docetaxel-resistant PCa.

摘要： Cell autophagy and apoptosis processes are of interest in drug development and contribute to the chemotherapy outcomes of patients receiving cancer treatment. The functional roles of cyclic nucleotides in cells include maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. cGMP and steroid compounds participate in apoptotic and autophagic events, and modulate the function of multi-drug resistance proteins. Endogenous steroid and cyclic nucleotide ratios change with ageing and this may initiate detrimental changes in cell function. This study uses a computational chemistry approach to investigate molecular similarity within chemotherapeutic and steroid compound structures. Modulators of autophagy/apoptosis and endogenous steroid structures all demonstrate molecular similarity to the structure of cGMP. Relative molecular similarity within these structures facilitates additive and synergistic treatment effects. Endogenous steroids are natural modulators of autophagy and apoptosis;concentration changes consequently have the potential to impact cancer risks.

摘要： Background: Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer in men after lung cancer, it accounts for 3.8% of all deaths caused by cancer in men worldwide. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, grades and management of prostate cancer among male patients admitted with cancer at Oncology Department of Bugando Medical Centre. Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-section study that retrieved data from 384 medical files of male patients admitted with cancer in Oncology wards at Bugando Medical Centre from January 2017 to December 2020. Results: The prevalence of prostate cancer was 39.84% (153 of 384 male patients). The mean age of patients with prostate cancer was 64.85 years ± 14.59 years. Two third of the patients’ prostate cancer were graded at presentation and of these, 52.58% (51 of 97) were having a high grade prostate cancer of Gleason scores 8, 9 or 10. Treatment involved hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and Radiotherapy whereby 49.48% (n = 190) were treated with hormonal therapy (Goserelin and Bicalutamide), 32.03% (n = 123) with combination of hormonal and chemotherapy, (Goserelin, bicalutamide and docetaxel or paclitaxel), 15.69% (n = 60) with combination of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy and 2.6% (n = 11) with chemotherapy alone (Docetaxel). Conclusion: The study found high prevalence of prostate cancer among male patients, majority with high grade form and limited options of treatment. Frequent screening and awareness programs should be conducted to enable early detection to reduce its morbidity and mortality. Patient on treatment should be followed up to determine their response to treatments.

摘要： BACKGROUND Lutetium has been shown to be an important potential innovation in pre-treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Two clinical trials have evaluated lutetium thus far(therap and vision with 99 and 385 patients,respectively),but their results are discordant.AIM To synthetize the available evidence on the effectiveness of lutetium in pre-treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer;and to test the application of a new artificial intelligence technique that synthetizes effectiveness based on reconstructed patient-level data.METHODS We employed a new artificial intelligence method(shiny method)to pool the survival data of these two trials and evaluate to what extent the lutetium cohorts differed from one another.The shiny technique employs an original reconstruction of individual patient data from the Kaplan-Meier curves.The progression-free survival graphs of the two lutetium cohorts were analyzed and compared.RESULTS The hazard ratio estimated was in favor of the vision trial;the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).These results indicate that further studies on lutetium are needed because the survival data of the two trials published thus far are conflicting.CONCLUSION Our study confirms the feasibility of reconstructing patient-level data from survival graphs in order to generate a survival statistics.

摘要： BACKGROUND Small-cell carcinoma of the prostate(SCCP)is a clinically rare malignant tumor,accounting for<1%of all prostate tumors.However,negativity for all SCCP neuroendocrine markers is rare.Herein,we report a case of SCCP with completely negative neuroendocrine markers and explore its clinicopathologic features,thus improving the understanding of its clinical diagnosis and management.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 48-year-old patient with SCCP negative for common sensitive neuroendocrine-staining indicators.Dysuria was the first symptom,and rectal examination revealed a hard prostate,palpable nodules,diffuse prostate enlargement,no pressure pain,no blood staining in the finger sleeve,1.33 ng/mL total prostate-specific antigen level,and a free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratio of 0.21 ng/mL.Ultrasound suggested a prostate size of 5.3 cm×5.8 cm×5.6 cm,and magnetic resonance imaging suggested prostate cancer.The lower posterior bladder wall,rectal mesentery,and bilateral seminal vesicles were invaded,with multiple lymph node metastases in the pelvis.A whole-body bone scan suggested an abnormally active multiple bone metabolism and possible bone metastases.Head and lungs computed tomography revealed no significant nodal shadow.Following a pathological diagnosis of SCCP after a prostate puncture,with negative indicators of common sensitive neuroendocrine staining,chemotherapy was administered;the patient died 4-5 mo after SCCP diagnosis.CONCLUSION SCCP is a rare disease characterized by atypical clinical symptoms,limited treatment options,a short survival period,and a poor prognosis.

摘要： Atypical small acinar proliferation is a histopathological diagnosis of unspecified importance in prostate needle-biopsy reports,suggestive but not definitive for cancer.The terminology corresponds to some uncertainty in the biopsy report,as the finding might represent an underlying non-cancerous pathology mimicking cancer or an under-sampled prostate cancer site.Therefore,traditional practice favors an immediate repeat biopsy.However,in modern urological times,the need of urgent repeat biopsy is being challenged by some authors as in the majority of cases,the grade of cancer found in subsequent biopsy is reported to be low or the disease to be non-significant.On the other hand,high risk disease cannot be excluded,whereas no clinical or pathological factors can predict the final outcome.In this review,we discuss the significance of the diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation in the biopsy report,commenting on its importance in modern urological practice.

摘要： BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major disease impacting men’s health worldwide.Peplau,who is known as“the mother of psychiatric society,”developed an interpersonal relationship theory for nursing.Implementation of this theory in practice has been shown to positively impact patients’quality of life and reduce adverse symptoms after surgery.AIM To investigate the effects of a nursing model based on Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training on patients with prostate cancer.METHODS Eighty-nine patients with prostate cancer who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)participated in this study.These patients were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University or Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University between January 2020 and April 2021.Patients were randomized into either the Peplau nursing group(n=44)or a routine nursing group(n=45).The routine nursing group received routine care and bladder function training,while the Peplau care group received care that integrated concepts from the Peplau interpersonal relationship theory as well as bladder function training.The urinary incontinence symptoms of the two groups were recorded,and the respective International Prostate Symptom Scores(IPSS),Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being(FACIT-Sp)scores,and quality of life(QOL)scores for each group were compared before and after three months of nursing intervention.RESULTS During the intervention period,the duration of urinary incontinence,frequency,number and amount of urinary incontinence were significantly greater in the routine nursing group compared to the Peplau care group(P<0.05).The indicators of the routine nursing group were 7.13±2.42 days,8.23±2.75 times,and 1.24±0.42 L,while those of the Peplau care group were 4.74±1.85 d,4.21±1.26 times,and 0.56±0.11 L,respectively.After three months of intervention,the mean IPSS score of the routine nursing group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the mean FACIT-Sp and QOL scores were significantly increased(P<0.05).The mean IPSS score in the Peplau nursing group was significantly lower compared to the routine nursing group,while the FACIT-Sp and QOL scores were higher(P<0.05).CONCLUSION A nursing model based on Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training can significantly improve prostate function and urinary symptoms,resulting in the restoration of physiological function and improvement in the QOL of patients with prostate cancer following TURP.

摘要： Background: Prostate cancer is a common disease in men over 50 years. Only early detection by screening can guarantee a favourable outcome. Objective: The objective of the study is to report on the practice of prostate cancer screening by general practitioners in Lomé. Material and Method: This was a practice survey. A questionnaire administered to general practitioners allowed to examine the following parameters: the practitioner’s years of practice, the screening criteria, the screening tools and the factors motivating the request for urological advice. The data were analysed using the software Epi info 7.1.5. The P value was considered significant below 0.05. Results: One hundred and eighty (180) physicians average-aged 29 were administered among whom one hundred and fifty-seven (157) males and twenty-three (23) females. The average duration of the medical practice was 35.2 months (6 months - 204 months). The screening criteria were age (47.2%), family history of cancer (17.8%), and age over 50 years associated with symptoms of the low urinary tract (35%). The practitioner’s experience did not affect these criteria (p = 0.12). The screening tools were the digital rectal examination (DRE) associated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay (20.5%), PSA alone (29.5%), DRE alone (6.6%), suprapubic ultrasound (32.3%) and endorectal ultrasound (11.1%). The choice of the screening tool was related to the practitioner’s experience (p = 0.03). The determining factor for a urological consultation was a high PSA (>4 ng/ml) independent of the DRE. Conclusion: Prostate cancer screening is largely done by general practitioners in Lomé. However, the use of some criteria and tools for the screening is not optimal.

摘要： Aim: According to World Health Organization, prostate cancer is one of the increasing malignancies in men worldwide. This paper aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of patients with early metastatic prostate cancer in a urology center in the city of Douala in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective and descriptive study of 110 patients with prostate cancer that was immediately metastatic at diagnosis over a period of six years (from January 2014 to December 2020). Results: The average age of patients at diagnosis was 67.5 years (range: 45 years to 88 years) and 53.63% of patients had body mass indexes greater than 25. Disorders of the lower urinary tract were the main presenting complaint in 55.45% of cases, followed by bone and joint pain in 46.36% of cases. Digital rectal examination was suggestive of prostate cancer in 96.36% of cases with an average total prostatic specific antigen (PSAT) level of 676.9 ng/ml (range: 21.8 to 8832 ng/ml). The diagnosis was made through prostate biopsy in 57 (51.81%) patients or after palliative endoscopic resection of the prostate indicated for lower urinary tract symptoms or even acute urinary retention in 53 (48.18%) patients. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate was the main histologic type, and in 47.27% of cases, the tumor was poorly differentiated with a Gleason’s score of greater than 7. The sites of metastasis were mainly the lymph node (87.27%), bone (56.36%), and both (44.54%). The treatment was palliative and dominated by bilateral pulpectomy in 60% of cases and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (Triptorelin 11.25 mg every 3 months) in 44 (40%) of cases. Conclusion: Prostate cancer is a real public health problem in developed countries but also in Africa, especially in Cameroon. It is aggressive cancer that is often diagnosed when metastasis has already occurred. Its management is essentially palliative.

摘要： Targeting androgens via androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to suppress androgens/androgen receptor (AR) functions remains the standard treatment for prostate cancer. However，most tumors eventually recur in spite of ADT. Here we demonstrate that the prostate epithelial AR may function as asuppresser for prostate cancer metastasis. Results from orthotopically co-inoculated stromal WPMY1 cellswith human epithelial PC3 prostate cancer cells proved that addition of AR in epithelial PC3 cells orknockdown of AR in stromal WPMY1 cells suppressed prostate cancer metastasis. Knockdown of the ARin human CWR22rv1 cells also resulted in increased cell invasion in vitro. Mice lacking the prostateepithelial AR developed larger and more invasive metastatic tumors in lymph nodes and died earlier thanwild-type littermates. In contrast，mice with knockdown of both prostatic epithelia(and stromal ARdeveloped smaller and less invasive metastatic tumors. These data suggest that the epithelial AR is asuppresser and stromal AR is a more dominant stimulator for prostate cancer metastasis. Mechanisticdissection suggested that androgen/AR might modulate many metastasis-related genes via multiplemechanisms. Collectively，these unexpected findings might revolutionize the way we combat prostatecancer，and might allow us to develop new and better therapies，which target the stromal AR only.