productivity

摘要： Oilseed flax is one of the most important oil crops in China.With the improvement of people's living standards and the deepening knowledge of the nutritional value of oilseed flax,the demand and economic value of oilseed flax are increasing,and the cultivated area in China is expanding.However,the grain yield of oilseed flax is lower than other oil crops.It varies significantly from year to year,combined with a lower degree of mechanization,which has greatly limited the healthy development of the flax industry.Some of the effects of agronomic measures on productivity and water use efficiency of oilseed flax are reviewed in this paper.The major agronomic strategies for the productivity of oilseed flax were presented based on fertilization,plant density,irrigation,cropping pattern and weed control.Future research should investigate the effect of silicon and potassium fertilizers on the mechanism of lodging resistance of oilseed flax,the effects of diversified cropping systems(strip intercropping and crop rotation)on high and stable productivity and efficient utilization of resources.

摘要： Investigating the multiple proxies involving productivity,organic geochemistry,and trace element(TE)enrichment in surface sediments could be used as paleoenvironment archives to gain insights into past and future environmental conditions changes.We present redox-sensitive TEs(Mn,Ni,Cu,U,P,Mo,Co,V,Zn,and Cd),productivity-related proxies(total organic carbon and opal),and total nitrogen and CaCO_(3) contents of bulk surface sediments of this area.The productivity proxies from the shelf and coastal regions of the Ross and the Amundsen seas showed that higher productivity was affiliated with an area of nutrient-rich deep water upwelling.The upwelling of weakly corrosive deep water may be beneficial for preserving CaCO_(3),while highly corrosive dense water,if it forms on the shelf near the coastal region(coastal polynya),could limit the preservation of CaCO_(3) in modern conditions.There were no oxic or anoxic conditions in the study area,as indicated by the enrichment factors of redox-sensitive TEs(Mn,Co,and U).The enrichment factor of Cd,which is redox-sensitive,indicated suboxic redox conditions in sediment environments because of high primary productivity and organic matter preservation/decomposition.The enrichment factors of other redox-sensitive TEs(P,Ni,Cu,V,and Zn)and the correlations between the element/Ti ratio with productivity and nutrient proxies indicated that the organic matter decomposed,and there was massive burial of phytoplankton biomass.There was variation in the enrichment,such that sediments were enriched in P,Mo,and Zn,but depleted in Ni,Cu,and V.

摘要： A programme effort for SRI impact assessment has been undertaken in 20 project villages in the Narayanpet block. The villages have been pooled under four clusters, for which quantitative and qualitative analyses have been carried out on water usage, input cost, plant growth, farmer group collectivization, gross and net returns of SRI, and conventional paddy cultivation. The result shows that significant water saving was achieved for SRI, i.e., 8586 m3∙ha−1 under tubewell irrigation over conventional. This approximation has served as an auxiliary to the number of pumping hours and number of irrigation days that have been reduced for SRI. Less utilisation of water and distance maintained in SRI has benefited in reducing the biotic and abiotic stress caused by snails and nutrient deprivation, respectively. The total yield for a sampled number of SRI farmers has been found to have a 22% increase for the total expenditure difference of Rs. 6153, i.e., 13% less than conventional paddy farmers, which highly impacts the SRI farmers’ net income, i.e., 69% more than the conventional returns. The SRI method has a lower labour deployment of 8 people/ha than the conventional method, which requires 16 people/ha with a constant price of Rs 250/person. Input cost saving in these two categories has ranked top and has fetched maximum production efficiency among the others. The seed cost at a fixed price of 32 Rs/kg was significantly (87%) reduced for SRI as 8 kg per ha was required rather than the conventional that required 62 kg/ha. Social benefits were listed based on the qualitative analysis and were transformed using the theory of planned behaviour.

摘要： Background:Process-based models are widely used to simulate forest productivity,but complex parameterization and calibration challenge the application and development of these models.Sensitivity analysis of numerous parameters is an essential step in model calibration and carbon flux simulation.However,parameters are not dependent on each other,and the results of sensitivity analysis usually vary due to different forest types and regions.Hence,global and representative sensitivity analysis would provide reliable information for simple calibration.Methods:To determine the contributions of input parameters to gross primary productivity(GPP)and net primary productivity(NPP),regression analysis and extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity testing(EFAST)were conducted for Biome-BGCMuSo to calculate the sensitivity index of the parameters at four observation sites under climate gradient from ChinaFLUX.Results:Generally,GPP and NPP were highly sensitive to C:Nleaf(C:N of leaves),Wint(canopy water interception coefficient),k(canopy light extinction coefficient),FLNR(fraction of leaf N in Rubisco),MRpern(coefficient of linear relationship between tissue N and maintenance respiration),VPDf(vapor pressure deficit complete conductance reduction),and SLA1(canopy average specific leaf area in phenological phase 1)at all observation sites.Various sensitive parameters occurred at four observation sites within different climate zones.GPP and NPP were particularly sensitive to FLNR,SLA1 and Wint,and C:Nleaf in temperate,alpine and subtropical zones,respectively.Conclusions:The results indicated that sensitivity parameters of China's forest ecosystems change with climate gradient.We found that parameter calibration should be performed according to plant functional type(PFT),and more attention needs to be paid to the differences in climate and environment.These findings contribute to determining the target parameters in field experiments and model calibration.

摘要： Investment in silvicultural techniques is noticeably lacking,especially in breeding programs for non-conventional wood species.Studying genotype×environment interaction(G×E)is essential to the development of breeding programs.Thus,this study aimed to estimate genetic diversity of and the effects of G×E interaction on two progeny tests of Cordia trichotoma,including the estimation of genetic gain and genetic diversity after selection.For the experiment,30 progenies of C.trichotoma were tested at two sites with differing soil textures.Diameter at breast height(1.30 m above soil surface,dbh-cm),total height,diameter at 30 cm from the soil,first branch height,and survival were all monitored for four years.Statistical deviance,best linear unbiased estimator,and harmonic mean of relative performance of genetic values(MHPRVG)were all calculated to predict breeding values,estimate genetic parameters,and analyze deviance.All quantified traits varied significantly among progenies by soil type,with greatest variation recorded for genetic variability.Heritability of the progenies led to predictions of genetic gain,ranging from 7.73 to 15.45%,for dbh at four years of age.The calculated decrease in genetic diversity after selection showed that this parameter should be monitored in subsequent breeding cycles.G×E was low for all tests.The best-performing progenies proved most stable and best adapted to the different environmental conditions tested.

摘要： Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important grain legume mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions for vegetables, grains, and fodder. The crop is grown predominantly in the dry savannahs to the Sahel in the fringes of the Sahara Desert where the annual rainfall is around 300 mm or less. Cowpea provides shelter as a cover crop and improves soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Its grain is preferred for high levels of protein, energy, micro-and macronutrients. Cowpea belongs to the family Fabaceae and sub-family Faboidea, and it is a self-pollinating crop with low and narrow genetic diversity, making it susceptible to various environmental factors. Various research projects have been established on cowpea, and as a result, various cowpea germplasm is stored at Africa International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)—Nigeria, the USDA repository in Griffin, GA (USA), the University of California, Riverside, CA (USA), and at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) in New Delhi, India. Despite the available germplasms, cowpea productivity remains very low in many countries due to a wide array of abiotic and biotic stresses and socio-economic constraints. This review summarizes some aspects of cowpea, including origin and history, challenges, economic importance, and constraints to production, providing possible useful information for cowpea researchers, agronomists, and producers in SSA.

摘要： The present study comparing actual data and simulated parameters was carried out using the PVsyst software for a 5.94 KWp grid-connected photovoltaic system,consisting of three types of mono-Si(2.04 KWp),poly-Si(2.04 KWp)and amorphous-Si(1.86 KWp)photovoltaic panels and a weather station.The research is based on data collected for one year(2020)of energy production Simulations were performed using long-term meteorological data generated by NASA and on-site measurement.A comparison of evaluated monthly and annually performance elements has also been considered:Eac,PR,FC.As shown by the results,each photovoltaic technology has certain advantages in different weather conditions.The uncertainties of the PVSyst software used to estimate the output of the photovoltaic installation have also been critically examined.

摘要： During the last decade,the food and beverage industry has been one of the most significant and prioritized industries that contributed to the economic growth in Vietnam.Therefore,how to enhance the performance of food and beverage firms has become a critical factor for Vietnam’s economic development.This research aims to use the data envelopment analysis(DEA)and the Malmquist productivity index(MPI)to assess changes in operational performance and productivity of listed lead food and beverage firms in Vietnam during the period between 2015 and 2020.The obtained results reveal that Vietnamese food and beverage firms were generally inefficient between 2015 and 2020 because the number of relatively inefficient companies was higher than the relatively efficient ones in each year between 2015 and 2020.The MPI findings indicate the growth in productivity during the study period as a result of technological progress.By integrating the findings of the relative efficiency and productivity change,this study creates five decision-making matrixes for five periods,respectively,from 2015 to 2020 to position the food and beverage firms in each sector.The analytical results provide instructions to senior managers on developing strategy for increasing efficiency of food and beverage listed companies in Vietnam.

摘要： The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of potassium fertilization source and dose on productivity and quality parameters of strawberry. The trial was conducted in 2016-2017 at the experimental greenhouse of Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences in Rabat. Strawberry plants of the cultivar “San Andreas” were planted on November 6th in 12 liter pots equipped with a gravity fertigation system. The experimental design was a split-plot with eight treatment combinations of two potassium fertilizer sources: 1) Potassium Sulphate for the whole growing cycle (PS/PS);2) Potassium Nitrate during the vegetative period and Potassium Sulfate during the fruit production period (PN/PS) and four potassium fertilizer doses: 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha of K2O replicated thrice. Potassium sulfate source was superior to potassium nitrate on the improvement of productivity and quality parameters of strawberry fruit. Potassium sulphate improved the number of flowers by 16%, fruit production by 21%, sugar content by 3%, and titrable acidity content by 0.5 g/L. The highest yield was recorded in plants receiving 300 kg/ha K2O as potassium sulphate. The 300 kg K2O/ha dose gave also superior results regarding quality parameters of strawberry fruit. This optimum potassium dose enhanced number of flowers by 35%, fruits produced by 44%, sugar content by 25% and titrable acidity content by 0.9 g/L.

摘要： This research aims to explore the major determinants of work-life balance(WLB)for university student workers in Lebanon.The proposed relationships consist of causality between each of the variables of working hours,proximity to employment,proximity to university,workload,study leave,leaving early,work from home,study at work,and flexible working hours on one hand,and work-life balance on the other.Employing a deductive approach,this study presents one main research question and quantitatively tests 11 hypotheses using a sample of 300 workers studying in both Lebanese University and Notre Dame University.The findings show that work-life balance significantly varies according to demographic factors.As for variables,the number of courses was found to have a significant negative causal relation with work-life balance,while the ability to obtain a study leave and leaving early have a significant positive causal relation with work-life balance.This research adds quantitative empirical proof that number of courses,study leave,leaving early significantly affect“work-life balance”of today’s private and public university student workers in Lebanon.Therefore,the findings offer a theoretical enrichment to the topic of work-life balance in general,and open way for new research to expand internationally as well as locally.