摘要：
Analyzing the data of previous surveys of Chinese private enterprises spanning 20 years, it is found that the proportion of labor union organizations in Chinese private enterprises has increased in the past 20 years, but declined slightly in recent years, but still accounts for half of the total. Based on the data of the tenth survey of private enterprises, the research shows that the factors influencing the formation of labor unions in private enterprises include not only the characteristics of enterprises, such as the time of registration, the types of registration, location, number of employed workers, net profit of enterprises, etc. It also includes the experience of private entrepreneurs in the system, political embeddedness, membership of the Federation of Industry and Commerce, etc. The closer the private enterprises or entrepreneurs are to the state, the more likely they are to establish labor union organizations in enterprises. In the aspect of employee wages and bonuses in private enterprises, after controlling many other possible factors, the study points out that the formation of labor unions has significantly improved the treatment of employees, and further analysis with quantile regression shows that the consequences are heterogeneous, that is, for enterprises with low employee treatment, labor union organizations have stronger positive effects. The above findings can provide an empirical basis for the formulation and evaluation of relevant policies, help to play the role of labor unions and promote the construction of harmonious labor relations in private enterprises.%分析跨度20年的历次中国私营企业调查数据发现,中国私营企业中有工会组织的比例在20年间呈上升趋势,近年略有下降,但仍占半数比例;基于第十次私营企业调查数据研究表明,私营企业组建工会的影响因素不仅包括企业层面的特征,如注册时长、注册类型、所在地区、用工人数、企业净利润等,也包括私营企业主的体制内经历、政治嵌入情况、是否工商联会员等.私营企业或企业主与国家关系越密切,越有可能在企业中建立工会组织.在研究私营企业的员工工资、奖金等支出方面,在控制了诸多其他可能影响因素后,指出组建工会对员工待遇有显著的改善,而进一步使用分位数回归加以详细分析后,发现这种后果存在异质性,即对员工待遇低的企业,工会组织有更强的积极效应.以上发现可以为相关政策制订和评估提供实证基础,有助于发挥工会的职能作用,促进私营企业中和谐劳动关系的建设.
