photocatalysis

摘要： With the great impetus of energy conservation and emission reduction policies in various countries,the proposal of concepts such as“Sponge City”and“Eco-City”,and the emphasis on restoration and governance of ecological environment day by day,portland cement porous concrete(PCPC),as a novel building material,has attracted more and more attention from scientific researchers and engineers.PCPC possesses the peculiar pore structure,which owns numerous functions like river embankment protection,vegetation greening as well as air-cleaning,and has been of wide application in different engineering fields.This paper reviews the salient properties of PCPC,detailedly expounds the research progress of domestic and foreign literature about this subject in the past ten years(2010–2020),conducts the statistical analysis of the distribution rule of its major properties around the world,combines with the engineering application to summarize the excellent properties of PCPC,and makes a forecast of future research direction.

摘要： Photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into solar fuels provides a bright route for the green and sustainable development of human society.However,the realization of efficient photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is still challenging owing to the sluggish kinetics or unfavorable thermodynamics for basic chemical processes of CO_(2)RR,such as adsorption,activation,conversion and product desorption.To overcome these shortcomings,recent works have demonstrated that surface engineering of semiconductors,such as introducing surface vacancy,surface doping,and cocatalyst loading,serves as effective or promising strategies for improved photocatalytic CO_(2)RR with high activity and selectivity.The essential reason lies in the activation and reaction pathways can be optimized and regulated through the reconstruction of surface atomic and electronic structures.Herein,in this review,we focus on recent research advances about rational design of semiconductor surface for photocatalytic CO_(2)RR.The surface engineering strategies for improved CO_(2)adsorption,activation,and product selectivity will be reviewed.In addition,theoretical calculations along with in situ characterization techniques will be in the spotlight to clarify the kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction process.The aim of this review is to provide deep understanding and rational guidance on the design of semiconductors for photocatalytic CO_(2)RR.

摘要： Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))has attracted much attentions as a promising method for sustainable solar fuel.Here,we demonstrate that trace water can drastically boost highefficiency photocatalytic production of H_(2)O_(2) with a record-high concentration of 113 mmol L^(-1) using alkali-assisted C_(3)N_(4) as photocatalyst in water/alcohol mixture solvents.By electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurement,the radical species generated during the photocatalytic process of H_(2)O_(2) are identified.We propose alcohol is used to provide and stabilize-OOH radicals through hydrogen bond,while trace water could trigger photocatalytic production of H_(2)O_(2) via providing and transferring indispensable free protons to completely consume OOH radicals,which breaks the reaction balance of-OOH radical generation from alcohol.Thus-OOH radicals could be supplied by alcohol continuously to serve as a reservoir for high-efficiency production of H_(2)O_(2).These results pave the way towards photocatalytic method on semiconductor catalysts as an outstanding approach for production of hydrogen peroxide.

摘要： In this work,a covalent organic framework(COF),which is constructed by the building blocks of[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphinato]copper(Ⅱ)(CuTAPP)and p-benzaldehyde,is employed to integrate with TiO_(2) for the purpose of establishing a Z-scheme hybrid.Within the system,isonicotinic acid performs the role of a bridge that connects the two components through a coordination bond.Further photocatalytic application reveals the hybrid framework is able to catalyze CO_(2) conversion under simulated solar light,resulting in CO production rate of 50.5 μmol g^(-1)·h^(-1),about 9.9 and 24.5 times that of COF and pristine TiO_(2),respectively.The ameliorated catalytic performance owes much to the por-phyrin block acting as photosensitizer that augments the light absorbance,and the establishment of Z-scheme system between the inorganic and orga nic comp on ents that enhances the separati on of the carriers.In addition,the chemical bridge also ensures a steady usage and stable charge delivery in the catalysis.Our study sheds light on the development of versatile approaches to covalently in corporate COFs with inorga nic semic on ductors.

摘要： Fabrication of heterostructure composed of one-dimensional(1D)and 2D semiconductors has inspired extensive interest in promoting photogenerated charge separation as well as performances of solar fuel production,but it is still challenging for(oxy)nitride photocatalysts due to their uncontrollable ammonia thermal preparative process.In this work,we report a synthesis on heterostructure of Ta_(3)N_(5)nanorods and CaTaO_(2)N(CTON)nanosheets(denoted as Ta_(3)N_(5)/CTON)by directly nitriding a 2D Dion-Jacobson(DJ)type of perovskite KCa_(2)Ta_(3)O_(10)(KCTO)precursor under the assistance of K_(2)CO_(3)flux.It is demonstrated that the 2D morphology of KCTO can be well inherited to get 2D CTON,and the Ta-rich(nonstoichiometric ratio of Ca:Ta compared to CTON)feature of the KCTO as well as the easy evaporation of K species results in the formation of 1D Ta_(3)N_(5)nanorods.Meanwhile,the formation of intermediate species K_(2)Ca_(2)Ta_(3)O_(9)N owning similar crystal lattice as Ta_(3)N_(5)was detected and deduced to be responsible for the generation of Ta_(3)N_(5)nanorods and observation of intimate interface between CTON and Ta_(3)N_(5).Benefitting from the formation of special 1D/2D type-II heterostructure,obviously promoted charge separation as well as photocatalytic water splitting performance can be obtained.Extended discussion demonstrates the generality of the hard-template preparative strategy developed here.To our knowledge,this should be the first fabrication of 1D/2D heterostructure for the(oxy)nitride semiconductors,and the developed hard-template strategy may provide an alternative way of fabricating heterostructures of other semiconductors prepared at high temperature.

摘要： Clean energy and a sustainable environment are grand challenges that the world is facing which can be addressed by converting solar energy into transportable and storable fuels(chemical fuel).The main scientific and technological challenges for efficient solar energy conversion,energy storage,and environmental applications are the stability,durability,and performance of low-cost functional materials.Among different nanomaterials,perovskite type LaFeO_(3)has been extensively investigated as a photocatalyst due to its abundance,high stability,compositional and structural fexibility,high electrocatalytic activity,efficient sunlight absorption,and tunable band gap and band edges.Hence,it is urgent to write a comprehensive review to highlight the trend,challenges,and prospects of LaFeO_(3)in the field of photocatalytic solar energy conversion and environment purification.This critical review summarizes the history and basic principles of photocatalysis.Further,it reviews in detail the LaFeO_(3),applications,shortcomings,and activity enhancement strategies including the design of nanostructures,elemental doping,and heterojunctions construction such as Type-I,Type-II,Z-Type,and uncommon heterojunctions.Besides,the optical and electronic properties,charge carriers separation,electron transport phenomenon and alignment of the band gaps in LaFeO_(3)-based heterostructures are comprehensively discussed.

摘要： Semiconductor-based photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical(PEC) processes can convert solar energy into high-density chemical energy or for the treatment of environmental pollutants, which are ideal ways to deal with environmental and energy crises. The development of high-efficiency photocatalysts and photoelectrodes is the key to the in-depth development and practical application of the two technologies.Black phosphorus(BP) has excellent physicalcochemical properties such as adjustable band gap, high carrier mobility, large specific surface area and anisotropy, making it one of the most promising catalysts.BP-based heterostructure can not only realize the effective separation of photogenerated carriers but also improve the stability of BP, and is widely used in photocatalytic and PEC reactions. In this review, we first introduce the crystal structure, band structure, anisotropy, and preparation of BP with different dimensions(bulk, zero-dimension and two-dimension). Then, according to the transfer path of the photogenerated carriers and the components, the BP-based heterostructures are divided into type I heterojunction, type II heterojunction, Z-scheme heterojunction, S-scheme heterojunction, BP/carbonbased material heterostructure, BP/metal heterostructure and multi-component heterostructure.Highlighted are the diverse photocatalytic applications of BP-based heterostructure, such as water splitting and CO_(2)reduction, N_(2)fixation, pollutant degradation, photothermal and photodynamic therapy.Finally, some concluding views and opinions are stated on the challenges and opportunities faced by the further development of BP-based heterostructures in photocatalysis and PEC water splitting.

摘要： The high energy demand we currently face in society and the subsequent large consumption of fossil fuels cause its depletion and increase the pollution levels.The quest for the production of clean energy from renewable and sustainable sources remains open.The conversion of solar energy into hydrogen via the water-splitting process,assisted by pho tores pons ive semiconductor catalysts,is one of the most promising technologies.Significant progress has been made on water splitting in the past few years and a variety of photocatalysts active not only under ultra-violet(UV) light but especially with the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum have been developed.Layered double hydroxides(LDH)-based materials have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials for solar energy applications owing to their unique layered structure,compositional flexibility,tunable bandgaps,ease of synthesis and low manufacturing costs.This review covers the most recent research dedicated to LDH materials for photocatalytic water-splitting applications and encompasses a range of synthetic strategies and post-modifications used to enhance their performance.Moreover,we provide a thorough discussion of the experimental conditions crucial to obtaining improved photoactivity and highlight the impact of some specific parameters,namely,catalysts loading,cocatalysts,sacrificial agents,and irradiation sources.This review provides the necessary tools to select the election technique for adequately enhancing the photoactivity of LDH and modified LDH-based materials and concludes with a critical summary that outlines further research directions.

摘要： Defect engineering has been regarded as a versatile strategy to maneuver the photocatalytic activity.However,there are a few studies concerning how to maintain the stability of defects,which is important to ensure sustainable photocatalytic performance.Here,a novel strategy to modulate the structural properties of BiSbO_(4)using light-induced dynamic oxygen vacancies is reported by us for efficient and stable photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde.Interestingly,the continuous consumption and replenishment of vacancies(namely dynamic vacancies)ensure the dynamic stability of oxygen vacancies,thus guaranteeing the excellent photocatalytic stability.The oxygen vacancies could also accelerate the electron migration,inhibit the photogenerated electron/hole recombination,widen the light absorption spectra,and thus improve the photocatalytic formaldehyde removal performance.Combined with the results of in situ DRIFTS,the reaction mechanism for each step of formaldehyde oxidation is revealed.As supported by DFT calculation of Gibbs free energy,the introduction of oxygen vacancies into BiSbO_(4)can promote spontaneous process of formaldehyde oxidation.Our work highlights a promising approach for stabilizing the defects and proposes the photocatalytic reaction mechanism in combination with the thermodynamic functions.

摘要： Constructing the stable,low-cost,efficient,and highly adaptable visible light-driven photocatalyst to implement the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and adsorption has been excavated a promising strategy to deal with antibiotic pollution in water bodies.Herein,a novel 3 D ternary Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst Ni_(2)P/Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4)(Ni_(2)P/BMO/CN)was fabricated by a simple solvothermal method in which the broad spectrum antibiotics(mainly tetracyclines and supplemented by quinolones)were used as target pollution sources to evaluate its adsorption and photocatalytic performance.Notably,the Zscheme composite significantly exhibit the enhancement for degradation efficiency of tetracycline and other antibiotic by using Ni_(2)P nanoparticles as electron conductor.Active species capture experiment and electron spin resonance(ESR)technology reveal the mechanism of Z-scheme Ni_(2)P/BMO/CN photocatalytic reaction in detail.In addition,based on the identification of intermediates by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy(LC–MS),the possible photocatalytic degradation pathways of TC were proposed.