泡沫材料

摘要： 本文件界定了冰箱、冰柜用硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的术语和定义，规定了分类、要求、检验规则，并描述了相应的试验方法。
本文件适用于以组合多元醇和多异氰酸酯为主要原料发泡生产的冰箱、冰柜用硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。

摘要： 本文件规定了通过扩散法测定保温材料长期吸水率的设备和方法。本文件描述了用于评估特定保温材料的吸水能力的方法：这些材料在使用中不仅长期承受两面接近100% 相对湿度，同时还存在两面的水蒸气压力梯度，例如坡面屋顶或无防护层的地坪保温层。
本文件适用于某些保温材料，但并不适用于所有类型的保温材料。保温材料的产品标准通常应说明本文件是否适用于特定产品。
注：对于地坪保温层，当有更多的数据可用时，可使用较低的温度代替本文件中目前规定的50℃ 的测试温度。

摘要： 本文件描述了在不同应力条件下测定保温材料压缩蠕变性能的试验方法。
本文件适用于保温材料的测定。

摘要： 1.1This test method measures the basic constituents in polyols that are soluble in glacial acetic acid and reactive with perchloric acid. Samples containing 0.3 % to 10 % nitrogen have been evaluated by this method. This test method is applicable to polyether polyols and polyether polyol blends that are used in urethane reactions. (SeeNote 1.)1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1:This standard is equivalent to ISO 25761:08.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1This test method is suitable for quality control, as a specification test, and for research. The results are measures of batch-to-batch uniformity and are useful in estimating reactivity.5.1.1The percent nitrogen can be used to characterize a polyol or indicate amounts of certain components in a polyol blend.5.1.2It is permissible to also express the results in equivalents of base per gram of sample, if desired.

摘要： 本文件规定了通用软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的分类、分级、要求、检验规则和标志、包装、运输、贮存，并描述了相应的试验方法。本文件适用于片状、条状、块状或切割成型的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。本文件不适用于慢回弹软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料、高回弹软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料和热塑性聚氨酯弹性体泡沫塑料。

摘要： 范围:本文件适用于以二氧化碳为发泡剂生产的使用温度不超过75 ℃的挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板（CXPS），包括添加石墨等红外阻隔剂的CXPS、带表皮和不带表皮的CXPS、有特殊边缘结构和表面处理的CXPS。本文件也适用于预制构件和复合保温系统的CXPS;主要技术内容:本文件规定了二氧化碳发泡挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板的术语和定义、分类和标记、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、包装、标志与贮存

摘要： 主要技术内容:本标准规定了绝热用交联聚乙烯泡沫塑料的术语和定义、分类和标记、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和贮存

摘要： 1.1This specification covers a liquid-applied solvent dispersed elastomeric coating used as a roofing membrane for spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation whose principal polymer in the dispersion contains more than 95 % silicone.1.2This specification does not provide guidance for application.1.3The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections5and6.1.4The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

摘要： 1.1This specification covers preformed flexible elastomeric cellular-thermal insulation in sheet and tubular form. Grade 1 covers materials to be used on commercial or industrial systems with operating temperatures from –183 to 104°C [–297 to 220°F], Grade 2 covers material used on industrial systems with operating temperatures from –183 to 150°C [–297 to 300°F], and Grade 3 covers material used on industrial systems with operating temperatures from –183 to 120°C [–297 to 250°F] where halogens are not permitted.1.2The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

摘要： 1.1This specification2covers the types, physical properties, and dimensions of cellular polystyrene boards with or without facings or coatings made by molding (EPS) or extrusion (XPS) of expandable polystyrene. Products manufactured to this specification are intended for use as thermal insulation for temperatures from –65 to +165°F (–53.9 to +73.9°C). This specification does not apply to laminated products manufactured with any type of rigid board facer including fiberboard, perlite board, gypsum board, or oriented strand board.1.1.1Additional requirements for Types IV and XIII for pipe, tank, and equipment thermal insulation for temperatures from –320 to +165°F (–196 to +73.9°C) are contained inAnnex A1.1.2The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is potentially regulated by codes that address fire performance. For some end uses, specifiers need to also address the effect of moisture and wind pressure resistance. Guidelines regarding these end use considerations are included inAppendix X1.1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

摘要： 1.1This practice concerns itself with the substrate preparation and priming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyurethane system, and the protective insulation coatings for outdoor service equipment.Note 1:For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined to mean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred to as “PUR/PIR.”1.2The values given in inch-pound are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======4.1This practice facilitates the selection and application of an insulation system for use at service temperatures between − 30 and + 107°C (−22 and + 225°F). Although the successful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influenced by many factors, this practice treats those four areas found to be of major importance:(1)Substrate preparation,(2)Substrate priming,(3)Insulation application, and(4)Protective coatings.4.2Abrasive blasting, primer application, spray application of the insulation, and protective coating application each contribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job site and will be dealt with in more detail under their respective headings.

摘要： 1.1This practice covers the repair of spray-applied polyurethane insulation on vessels normally operating at temperatures between −30 and +107°C [−22 and +225°F].1.2Warning—At temperatures below 0°C [32°F] the application of a spray “foam” directly onto the cold substrate may not be possible. The term “foam” applies to spray-applied polyurethane or polyisocyanurate (PUR or PIR) rigid cellular plastic only, and not to any other plastic insulation.1.3The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific precautionary statement see1.2.1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

摘要： 1.1This test method covers a procedure for predicting the long-term thermal resistance (LTTR) of unfaced or permeably faced rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulations by reducing the specimen thickness to accelerate aging under controlled laboratory conditions(1-5).2Note 1:See Terminology,3.2.1, for the meaning of the wordagingwithin this standard.1.2Rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulation includes all cellular plastic insulations manufactured with the intent to retain a blowing agent other than air.1.3This test method is limited to unfaced or permeably faced, homogeneous materials. This method is applied to a wide range of rigid closed-cell foam insulation types, including but not limited to: extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, and phenolic. This test method does not apply to impermeably faced rigid closed-cell foams or to rigid closed-cell bun stock foams.Note 2:SeeNote 8for more details regarding the applicability of this test method to rigid closed-cell bun stock foams.1.4This test method utilizes referenced standard test procedures for measuring thermal resistance. Periodic measurements are performed on specimens to observe the effects of aging. Specimens of reduced thickness (that is, thin slices) are used to shorten the time required for these observations. The results of these measurements are used to predict the long-term thermal resistance of the material.1.5The test method is given in two parts. The Prescriptive Method in Part A provides long-term thermal resistance values on a consistent basis that can be used for a variety of purposes, including product evaluation, specifications, or product comparisons. The Research Method in part B provides a general relationship between thermal conductivity, age, and product thickness.1.5.1To use the Prescriptive Method, the date of manufacture must be known, which usually involves the cooperation of the manufacturer.1.6The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8Table of Contents:SectionScope1Reference Documents2Terminology3Summary of Test Method4Significance and Use5Part A: The Prescriptive Method6Applicability6.1Qualification Requirements6.1.1Facing Permeability6.1.2Apparatus6.2Sampling6.3Schedule6.3.1Specimen Preparation6.4Goal6.4.1Schedule6.4.2Replicate Test Specimen Sets6.4.3Specimen Extraction6.4.4Slice Flatness6.4.5Slice Thickness6.4.6Stack Composition6.4.7Storage Conditioning6.5Test Procedure6.6Thermal Resistance Measurement Schedule6.6.1Thermal Resistance Measurements6.6.2Product Density6.6.3Calculations6.7Part B: The Research Method7Background7.1TDSL Apparatus7.2Sampling Schedule7.3Specimen Preparation7.4Storage Conditioning7.5Test Procedure7.6Calculations7.7Reporting8Reporting for Part A, the Prescriptive Method8.1Reporting for Part B, the Research Method8.2Precision and Bias9Keywords10Mandatory Information – QualificationAnnex A1Specimen PreparationA1.1Homogeneity QualificationA1.2Thermal Conductivity Equivalence Test ProcedureA1.3Alternate Product Thickness QualificationA1.4Example CalculationsA1.5Mandatory Information-Preparation of Test Specimens for Spray-Foam ProductsAnnex A2Effect Of TDSLAppendix X1History of the StandardAppendix X2Theory of Foam AgingAppendix X3References1.9This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1Rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulations include all cellular plastic insulations which rely on a blowing agent (or gas), other than air, for thermal resistance values. At the time of manufacture, the cells of the foam usually contain their highest percentage of blowing agent and the lowest percentage of atmospheric gases. As time passes, the relative concentrations of these gases change due primarily to diffusion. This results in a general reduction of the thermal resistance of the foam due to an increase in the thermal conductivity of the resultant cell gas mixture. These phenomena are typically referred to as foam aging.5.1.1For some rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulation products produced using blowing agent gases that diffuse very rapidly out of the full-thickness foam product, such as expanded polystyrene, there is no need to accelerate the aging process.5.1.2Physical gas diffusion phenomena occur in three dimensions. The one-dimensional form of the diffusion equations used in the development of this practice are valid only for planar geometries, that is, for specimens that have parallel faces and where the thickness is much smaller than the width and much smaller than the length.Note 3:Please seeAppendix X3for a discussion of the theory of accelerated aging via thin slicing.Note 4:Theoretical and experimental evaluations of the aging of insulation in radial forms, such as pipe insulation, have been made.(6)However, these practices have not evolved to the point of inclusion in the test standard.5.2The change in thermal resistance due to the phenomena described in5.1usually occurs over an extended period of time. Information regarding changes in the thermal resistance of these materials as a function of time is required in a shorter period of time so that decisions regarding formulations, production, and comparisons with other materials can be made.5.3SpecificationsC578,C591,C1029,C1126andC1289on rigid closed-cell foams measure thermal resistance after conditioning at 23 ± 1°C [73 ± 2°F] for 180 ± 5 days from the time of manufacture or at 60 ± 1°C [140 ± 2°F] for 90 days. This conditioning can be used for comparative purposes, but is not sufficient to describe long-term thermal resistance. This requirement demonstrates the importance of the aging phenomena within this class of products.5.4The Prescriptive Method in Part A provides long-term thermal resistance values on a consistent basis for a variety of purposes, including product evaluation, specifications, or product comparisons. The consistent basis for these purposes is provided by a series of specific procedural constraints, which are not required in the Research Method described in Part B. The values produced by the Prescriptive Method correspond to the thermal resistance at an age of five years, which corresponds closely to the average thermal resistance over a 15-year service life(7,8).5.4.1It is recommended that any material standard that refers toC1303to provide a product rating for long-term thermal resistance specify the Part A Test Method ofC1303.5.5The Research Method in Part B provides a relationship between thermal conductivity, age, and product thickness. The calculation methods given in Part B can be used to predict the resistance at any specific point in time as well as the average resistance over a specific time period.Note 5:The 5-year aged values produced in Part A can be derived from the Part B data only if all other Part A requirements are met.5.6This test method addresses three separate elements relating to the aging of rigid closed-cell plastic foams.5.6.1Specimen Preparation—Techniques for the preparation of thin flat specimens, including their extraction from the “as manufactured” product, and the measurement of specimen thickness are discussed.5.6.2Measurement of the Thermal Resistance—Thermal resistance measurements, taken at scheduled times, are an integral part of the test method.5.6.3Interpretation of Data—Procedures are included to properly apply the theory and techniques to achieve the desired goals.

摘要： 1.1This specification covers the composition and physical properties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densities from 1.0 lb/ft3to 8.0 lb/ft3(16 kg/m3to 128 kg/m3) and intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation for temperatures from −423°F to +600°F (−253°C to +316°C) in commercial and industrial environments.1.1.1The annex shall apply to this specification for marine applications.1.1.2This standard is designed as a material specification and not a design document.1.1.3The values stated inTable 1andTable 2are not to be used as design values. It is the buyer’s responsibility to specify design requirements and obtain supporting documentation from the material supplier.* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.NA = Not ApplicableNB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as such are not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.NA = Not ApplicableNB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as such are not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.Note 1:The subject matter of this material specification is not covered by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard covering the subject of this standard.1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

摘要： 1.1This test method describes a procedure for determining the compressive properties of rigid cellular materials, particularly expanded plastics.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1:This test method and ISO 844 are technically equivalent.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======4.1This test method provides information regarding the behavior of cellular materials under compressive loads. Test data is obtained, and from a complete load-deformation curve it is possible to compute the compressive stress at any load (such as compressive stress at proportional-limit load or compressive strength at maximum load) and to compute the effective modulus of elasticity.4.2Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load - time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.4.3Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or a combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.

摘要： 1.1This test method covers the determination of the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular materials in the form of test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.1.2Tensile properties shall be measured using any of three types of specimens:1.2.1Type Ashall be the preferred specimen in those cases where enough sample material exists to form the necessary specimen.1.2.2Type Bshall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.1.2.3Type Cshall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel (top and bottom substrate) or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.Note 1:There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

摘要： 1.1These test methods cover the preparation of a standard-size test sample and basic tests for physical property determinations of microcellular urethane materials.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1:There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1Tests made on materials herein prescribed have the potential to give considerable value in comparing physical properties of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as a basis for writing specifications.5.2Before proceeding with these test methods, if appropriate, make reference to the specification associated with the material or product being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the ASTM materials or product specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If there are no relevant ASTM specifications, then the default conditions apply.

摘要： This document specifies two methods for determining the air flow value of flexible cellular polymeric materials:—？method？A, for conventional types of flexible cellular polymeric material;—？method？B, for all types of flexible cellular polymeric material, but especially for materials with a low permeability to air.For method B, two methods are specified in this document:—？method B1: with manual measurement;—？method B2: with automatic measurement.NOTE？1？Air flow values can be used to give an indication of the effects of formulation and production variables on the cellular structure.NOTE？2？In this document, the expression “conventional type of flexible cellular polymeric material” means types which are unsuitable for sealing purposes.