液压液_国内外标准网文献检索下载

1.[标准] Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light Extinction

用稀释技术消除水的作用和用消光法干扰软颗粒的润滑液和液压液自动颗粒计数的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D7647-24

发布时间：
2024-02-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.100 石油及相关技术 - 润滑剂、工业油及相关产品

75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.1.2Particles considered are in the range from 4 µm(c)to 200 µm(c)with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic particle counter being used.Note 1:For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and reported as a single larger particle.Note 2:The subscript(c)is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript(c)strictly only applies to particles up to 50 µm.1.3Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products, such as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm2/s at 40 °C. This procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision statement.1.4Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable for analysis using this test method.1.5Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable for analysis using this test method.1.6The test method is specific to automatic particle counters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated according to the latest revision of ISO 11171.1.7The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including onsite in-service oil analysis laboratories.5.2Hard particles in lubricating or fluid power systems have a detrimental effect on the system as they cause operating components to wear and also accelerate the degradation of the oil. Hard particles in the oil originate from a variety of sources including generation from within an operating fluid system or contamination, which may occur during the storage and handling of new oils or via ingress into an operating fluid system.5.3High levels of contaminants can cause filter blockages and hard particles can have a serious impact on the life of pumps, pistons, gears, bearings, and other moving parts by accelerating wear and erosion.5.4Particle count results can be used to aid in assessing the capability of the filtration system responsible for cleaning the fluid, determining if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean up the fluid system, or aiding in the decision of whether or not a fluid change is required.5.5To accurately measure hard particle contamination levels, it is necessary to negate the particle counts contributed by the presence of small levels of free water. This method includes a process by which this can be accomplished using a water-masking diluent technique whereby water droplets of a size below the target level are finely distributed.5.6Certain additives or additive by-products that are semi-insoluble or insoluble in oil, namely the polydimethylsiloxane defoamant additive and oxidation by-products, are known to cause light scattering in automatic particle counters, which in turn causes falsely high counts. These and similar materials are commonly termed “soft particles” (see3.2.4) and are not known to directly increase wear and erosion within an operating system. The contribution of these particles to the particle size cumulative count is negated with this method.5.7The use of dilution in this test method counteracts viscosity effects for highly viscous oils that impact the accuracy of automatic optical particle counting results.
2.[标准] Hydraulic fluid power — Fire-resistant fluids — Requirements and guidelines for use

液压传动.耐火流体.要求和使用指南

发布单位：
国际组织-国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ISO 7745:2024

发布时间：
2024-02-09

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： This document specifies the operational characteristics for the various categories of fire-resistant fluids defined by ISO？6743-4. It includes requirements and guidelines for use of these fluids and specifies the factors to consider when selecting a fluid from these categories for a proposed application.This document identifies difficulties which can arise from the use of such fluids and indicates how they can be minimized. Procedures are given for replacing one fluid with another from a different category. Health and safety aspects when handling and disposing of fire-resistant fluids are also covered.This document does not apply to fire-resistant fluids used in the hydraulic systems of commercial or military aircraft.
3.[标准] Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester

使用直接成像综合测试仪进行油的自动颗粒计数和颗粒形状分类的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D7596-23

发布时间：
2023-01-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.100 石油及相关技术 - 润滑剂、工业油及相关产品

75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester.1.1.1The test method is applicable to petroleum and synthetic based fluids. Samples from 2 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s at 40 °C may be processed directly. Samples of greater viscosity may be processed after solvent dilution.1.1.2Particles measured are in the range from 4 μm to≥70 μm with the upper limit dependent upon passing through a 100 μm mesh inlet screen.1.1.3Particle concentration measured may be as high as 5 000 000 particles per mL without significant coincidence error.1.1.4Particle shape is determined for particles greater than approximately 20 µm in length. Particles are categorized into the following categories: sliding, cutting, fatigue, nonmetallic, fibers, water droplets, and air bubbles.1.1.5Soot is determined up to approximately 1.5 % by weight.1.1.6This test method uses objects of known linear dimension for calibration.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test MethodsD5185andD6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test MethodsD445,D2896,D6304, andD7279). Molecular spectroscopy (PracticeE2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.5.2Particles in lubricating and hydraulic oils are detrimental because they increase wear, clog filters and accelerate oil degradation.5.3Particle count may aid in assessing the capability of a filtration system to clean the fluid, determine if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean the fluid, or aid in the decision whether or not to change the fluid.5.4An increase in the concentration and size of wear particles is indicative of incipient failure or component change out. Predictive maintenance by oil analysis monitors the concentration and size of wear particles on a periodic basis to predict failure.5.5High soot levels in diesel engine lubricating oil may indicate abnormal engine operation.
4.[标准] Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils

矿物液压油的标准规范

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D6158-23

发布时间：
2023-11-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This specification covers mineral and synthetic oils of the types API groups I, II, III, and IV used in hydraulic systems, where the performance requirements demand fluids with one of the following characteristics:1.1.1A refined base oil or synthetic base stock (Class HH),1.1.2A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL),1.1.3A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus anti-wear characteristics (Class HM),1.1.4A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 (Class HV),1.1.5A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus anti-wear characteristics meeting a higher performance level than an HM fluid to address higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HMHP), and1.1.6A refined mineral base oil with rust or synthetic base stock and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 meeting a higher performance level than an HV fluid to address higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HVHP).1.2This specification defines the requirements of mineral oil-based or synthetic-based hydraulic fluids that are compatible with most existing machinery components when there is adequate maintenance.1.3This specification defines only new lubricating oils before they are installed in the hydraulic system.1.4This specification defines specific types of hydraulic oils. It does not include all hydraulic oils. Some oils that are not included may be satisfactory for certain hydraulic applications. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit or require a wider or narrower range of characteristics than those described herein.1.5The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5.1Exception—InX1.3.9on Wear Protection, the values of pump pressure are in MPa, and the psi follows in brackets as a reference point immediately recognized by a large part of the industry.1.6The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test methods referenced in this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.[标准] Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness of Lubricating Fluid to Bimetallic Couple

润滑液对双金属偶腐蚀性的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D6547-23

发布时间：
2023-12-15

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method covers the corrosiveness of hydraulic and lubricating fluids to a bimetallic galvanic couple.Note 1:This test method replicates Fed-Std No. 791, Method 5322.2. It utilizes the same apparatus, test conditions, and evaluation criteria, but it describes test procedures more explicitly.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.2.1Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1Corrosiveness of a fluid to a bimetallic couple is one of the properties used to evaluate hydraulic or lubricating fluids. It is an indicator of the compatibility of a fluid with a brass on steel galvanic couple at ambient temperature and 50 % relative humidity.
6.[标准] Standard Specification for Biodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids

可生物降解的低水生毒性液压流体的标准规范

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D8029-23

发布时间：
2023-12-15

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This specification covers performance requirements for biodegradable hydraulic fluids with low aquatic toxicity used in industrial/mobile hydraulic applications.1.2In some cases, biodegradable fluids have been found to perform differently than traditional mineral oils, thus separate performance requirements are desirable.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
7.[标准] Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis

重量分析法测定液压流体不溶性污染的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D4898-23

发布时间：
2023-12-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method covers the determination of insoluble contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analysis. The contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a membrane filter disk of pore diameter as required by applicable specifications (usually 0.45 μm or 0.80 μm).1.2To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate contamination, the gravimetric method should be supplemented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in accordance with Test MethodF312.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific warning statement, see7.1.1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1This test method indicates and measures the amount of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essential for the satisfactory performance and long life of the equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters but can damage functional system components resulting in wear and eventual system failure.
8.[标准] Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils

液压油热稳定性的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D2070-23

发布时间：
2023-07-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method2is designed primarily to evaluate the thermal stability of hydrocarbon based hydraulic oils although oxidation may occur during the test.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135 °C. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
9.[标准] Standard Guide for Assessing Biodegradability of Hydraulic Fluids

评定液压流体生物降解性的标准指南

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D6006-23

发布时间：
2023-07-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This guide covers and provides information to assist in planning a laboratory test or series of tests from which may be inferred information about the biodegradability of an unused fully formulated hydraulic fluid in its original form. Biodegradability is one of three characteristics which are assessed when judging the environmental impact of a hydraulic fluid. The other two characteristics are ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation.1.2Biodegradability may be considered by type of environmental compartment: aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Test methods for aerobic fresh water, aerobic soil and anaerobic media have been developed that are appropriate for the concerns and needs of testing in each compartment.1.3This guide addresses releases to the environment that are incidental to the use of a hydraulic fluid but is not intended to cover situations of major, accidental release. The tests discussed in this guide take a minimum of three to four weeks. Therefore, issues relating to the biodegradability of hydraulic fluid are more effectively addressed before the fluid is used, and thus before incidental release may occur. Nothing in this guide should be taken to relieve the user of the responsibility to properly use and dispose of hydraulic fluids.1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula.5.2Biodegradation occurs when a fluid interacts with the environment, and so the extent of biodegradation is a function of both the chemical composition of the hydraulic fluid and the physical, chemical, and biological status of the environment at the time the fluid enters it. This guide cannot assist in judging the status of a particular environment, so it is not meant to provide standards for judging the persistence of a hydraulic fluid in any specific environment either natural or man-made.5.3If any of the tests discussed in this guide gives a high result, it implies that the hydraulic fluid will biodegrade and will not persist in the environmental compartment being considered. If a low result is obtained, it does not mean necessarily that the substance will not biodegrade in the environment, but does mean that further testing is required if a claim of biodegradability is to be made. Such testing may include, but is not limited to, other tests mentioned in this guide or simulation tests for a particular environmental compartment.
10.[标准] Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants for Aluminum Alloys by Cooling Curve Analysis

用冷却曲线分析法测定铝合金用含水聚合物淬火剂冷却特性的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D7646-23

发布时间：
2023-07-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method covers the description of the equipment and the procedure for evaluating quenching characteristics of aqueous polymer quenchants by cooling rate determination.1.2This test method is designed to evaluate aqueous polymer quenchants for aluminum alloys in a non-agitated system. There is no correlation between these test results and the results obtained in agitated systems.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature pathway. The results obtained by this test method may be used as a guide in quenchant selection or comparison of quench severities of different quenchants, new or used.
11.[标准] Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Family H (hydraulic systems) — Specifications for categories HH, HL, HM, HV and HG

润滑剂、工业用油及相关产品（L类）.H系列（液压系统）HH、HL、HM、HV和HG类规范

发布单位：
国际组织-国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ISO 11158:2023

发布时间：
2023-10-13

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： This document specifies the minimum requirements for new mineral oil hydraulic fluids and is intended for hydraulic systems, particularly for hydrostatic hydraulic fluid power application. The purpose of this document is to guide suppliers and end users of mineral oil hydraulic fluids and to direct equipment manufacturers of hydraulic systems.This document is written in a general form so that its application can accommodate various climatic conditions. This document also stipulates the requirements for mineral-oil hydraulic fluids at the time of delivery.This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO？6743-4, which classifies fluids used in hydraulic applications. Among the categories covered by ISO？6743-4, only five types of mineral oil-based fluids are covered in this document. These categories are HH, HL, HM, HV and HG.This document does not cover the extreme cases of use in terms of hydraulic circuits design, temperature and extreme conditions.NOTE？For use in exceptional conditions, suppliers and purchasers of lubricants can mutually agree upon additional testing methods and acceptability criteria of the products..
12.[标准] 석유계 항공 유압작동유

石油基地飞机液压油

发布单位：
韩国-韩国标准(KR-KS)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
KS M 2218-2023

发布时间：
2023-12-15

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 이 표준은 석유계 항공 유압 작동유(이하 작동유라 한다)에 대하여 규정한다.
13.[标准] Standard Practice for Determining the Effect of Fluid Selection on Hydraulic System or Component Efficiency

测定流体选择对液压系统或部件效率影响的标准实施规程

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D7721-22

发布时间：
2022-09-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This practice covers all types and grades of hydraulic fluids.1.2This practice is applicable to both laboratory and field evaluations.1.3This practice provides guidelines for conducting hydraulic fluid evaluations. It does not prescribe a specific efficiency test methodology.1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1The primary function of a hydraulic fluid is to transmit power. This practice provides uniform guidelines for comparing fluids in terms of their power-transmitting abilities as reflected in their effect on hydraulic system or component efficiency and productivity.5.2Practical advantages of enhanced hydraulic system efficiency may include increased productivity (faster machine cycle time), reduced power consumption (electricity or fuel), and reduced environmental impact (lower emissions).5.3Differences in fluid performance may be relatively small. Consequently, it is essential that the necessary experimental controls are implemented to ensure consistency in operating conditions and duty cycle when comparing the energy efficiency of different hydraulic fluid formulations.5.4This practice implies no evaluation of hydraulic fluid quality other than its effect on hydraulic system efficiency.
14.[标准] Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Temperature Fluidity and Appearance of Hydraulic Fluids

测定液压流体低温流动性和外观的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D6351-22

发布时间：
2022-05-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method covers the fluidity and appearance of hydraulic fluids after storage at low temperature.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1Exception—In6.1.1, the material is designated in cSt as this is the common name used for this type of oil.1.3WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see1.3and Section6.1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======4.1The temperature at which a lubricant remains fluid and homogeneous after seven days is an index of its ability to withstand prolonged exposure to cold temperature. With vegetable oils and some synthetic esters, it is necessary to do extended cold storage testing. Quick cool, short-term tests, such as Test MethodsD97andD2500, do not adequately predict the tendency to solidify over longer time spans at cold temperatures.4.2This test method is not intended to indicate cold temperature pumpability performance. A separate assessment of viscometric performance should be made in order to assess cold flow properties, which are important in order to avoid system damage in cold temperature applications. Suitable guidelines for such testing and test temperatures for various viscosity grades can be found in PracticeD6080.4.3No specific temperature of measurement is given in this test method because fluids with different viscosity grades have different cold temperature performance expectations. For guidance on temperature selection relative to an intended low temperature viscosity grade or ISO VG, consult PracticeD6080. As an example of using PracticeD6080, a L22 viscosity grade would be evaluated at the lowest temperature for that grade, namely –22.9 °C. Alternatively, a fluid can be evaluated at the lowest temperature expected for field service.
15.[标准] Standard Test Method for Dry Filterability of Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids by Mass Flow Technique

用质量流技术测定润滑剂和液压流体干过滤性的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D8385-22

发布时间：
2022-07-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.100 石油及相关技术 - 润滑剂、工业油及相关产品

75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method covers determination of the dry filterability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids based upon mass flow rate measurements through a 0.8 µm membrane after ageing (Note 1). The procedure applies to lubricants and hydraulic fluids that are formulated with American Petroleum Institute (API) Group I, II, III, IV, and certain V base stocks. Products formulated with water or base stocks that are heavier than water are out of scope.Note 1:This test method is similar to ISO 13357 but differs from the ISO method in the manner by which filterability is assessed. In ISO 13357, volume flow rates are used to determine filterability. In this test method, mass flow rates are used. Measurements of filterability based on mass flow rates facilitate automation and can be less susceptible to operator error.Note 2:Residual water due to atmospheric conditions or contaminants is in scope for these samples and it is typically low for most in process samples.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1Precision equipment and high pressure hydraulic machinery require filtered lubricants and fluids to prevent damage from the circulation of hard particulate contaminants. Three types of particulate contaminants are present in lubricants and hydraulic fluids: built in contaminants from the machinery assembly process, generated contaminants from equipment wear, and contaminants that enter from external sources.5.2The ability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids to retain their filterability is critical for efficient and reliable machine performance. Normally, the pressure differential across a filter will increase gradually as the filter accumulates dirt, sludge, and wear debris. In order to prevent the filter from collapsing, bypass valves in the filter assembly open when the differential pressure gets too high. If a filter becomes blocked by precipitating additives or other contaminants, the bypass valve will open. This can lead to an equipment shutdown or circulation of damaging particles throughout the machine.
16.[标准] Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids

可生物降解传热流体的评价标准指南

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D7665-22

发布时间：
2022-07-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.100 石油及相关技术 - 润滑剂、工业油及相关产品

75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This guide2covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water-free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======4.1The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
17.[标准] 脂肪酸酯型难燃液压液（HFDU）

发布单位：
中国-行业标准-能源(CN-NB)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
NB/SH/T 6045-2021

发布时间：
2021-11-16

中标分类：
E40 石油 - 石油产品 - 合成油脂

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：
2022-05-16

摘要：本文件规定了以脂肪酸酯为基础油，加入功能添加剂调制而成的脂肪酸酯型难燃液压液（HFDU)的技术要求和试验方法，检验规则，标识、包装、储运及交货验收。本文件所属产品适用于冶金、煤炭、电力等行业的高温、近火或有着火危险的工作环境，作为液压系统的液力传递介质。使用温度范围为:-20℃～+90℃
18.[标准] Standard Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards

用作分析标准的液体混合物制备的标准实施规程

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D4307-17(2021)

发布时间：
2021-10-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.100 石油及相关技术 - 润滑剂、工业油及相关产品

75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

95.020 军事工程 - 军事工程、军事物资、武器

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the preparation of small volumes of multicomponent liquid blends for use as analytical standards.1.2This practice is applicable to components that are normally liquids at ambient temperature and pressure, or solids that will form a solution when blended with liquids. Butanes can be included if precaution is used in blending them.1.3This practice is limited to those components that fulfill the following conditions:1.3.1They are completely soluble in the final blend.1.3.2They are not reactive with other blend components or with blend containers.1.3.3The combined vapor pressure of the blended components is such that there is no selective evaporation of any of the components.1.3.3.1The butane content of the blend is not to exceed 10 %. (Warning—Extremely flammable liquefied gas under pressure. Vapor reduces oxygen available for breathing.) Components with a vapor pressure higher than butanes are not to be blended.1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======4.1The laboratory preparation of liquid blends of known composition is required to provide analytical standards for the calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical instrumentation.
19.[标准] Standard Test Method for Evaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids

评定拖拉机液压油磨损特性的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D4998-13(2021)

发布时间：
2021-10-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method is used to screen lubricants for gear wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids but may be suitable for other applications.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warning information is given in Sections7and9.1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1Many modern tractor designs use the hydraulic fluid to lubricate the transmission and final drive gears. This test method is used to assess the suitability of the tractor hydraulic fluids as lubricants for transmission and final drive gears of tractors.
20.[标准] Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids

石油和合成流体水分离性的标准试验方法

发布单位：
美国-美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)

标准状态：
现行

标准号：
ASTM D1401-21

发布时间：
2021-10-01

中标分类：
-

国标分类：
75.040 石油及相关技术 - 原油

75.120 石油及相关技术 - 液压液

实施时间：

摘要： 1.1This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8 mm2/s to 90 mm2/s at 40 °C, this test method may be used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 °C ± 1 °C when testing products more viscous than 90 mm2/s at 40 °C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test MethodD2711is recommended. Other test temperatures such as 25 °C may also be used. A 1 % sodium choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater may be used in place of distilled water when testing certain oils or fuels used in marine applications.1.2When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see Section7.1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ======5.1This test method provides a guide for determining the water separation characteristics of oils subject to water contamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.