AWWA ACE61680 Characterization of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors Based on Hydrophobicity and Molecular Size

基于疏水性和分子尺寸的消毒副产物前体表征

基本信息

标准号

AWWA ACE61680

标准状态

现行

发布单位或类别

美国-美国给水工程协会(US-AWWA);

发布日期

实施日期

废止日期

CCS分类

ICS分类

研制信息

起草单位

- 展开▼

起草人

归口单位

摘要

Natural organic matter (NOM) from five water sources was fractionated using XADresins and ultrafiltration membranes into different hydrophobicity and molecular weight(MW) groups. The disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation from each fraction duringchlorination and chloramination was studied. In tests using chlorination, hydrophobic andhigh MW (e.g. >3kDa) precursors produced more trihalomethanes (THMs), trihaloaceticTHAA) acids and unknown total organic halogen (UTOX) than correspondingtransphilic, hydrophilic and low MW (e.g. <3kDa) precursors. However, the formation ofTHMs and THAA was similar among different fractions for a water with low humiccontent. Hydrophilic and MW<0.5k fractions gave the highest dihaloacetic acid yields.No significant difference was found for the dihaloacetic acid and UTOX formationamong different fractions during chloramination. It appears that chloramination DBPprecursors are more evenly distributed among NOM fractions. High pH favors theformation of THMs and HAAs over UTOX. Increasing pH also led to lower TOXformation for hydrophobic and high MW fractions, but had little impact on TOX yieldsfrom hydrophilic and low MW fraction. Bromine and iodine were found to be morereactive with hydrophilic and low MW fractions as measured by THM and HAAformation than their corresponding hydrophobic and high MW fractions. However,hydrophobic and high MW fractions produced more UTOX when reacting with bromineand iodine. Includes 39 references, tables, figures. 使用XAD对五种水源中的天然有机物（NOM）进行了分离树脂和超滤膜的疏水性和分子量不同（MW）组。消毒过程中各部分产生的消毒副产物（DBP）研究了氯化和氯胺化反应。在使用氯化、疏水和高分子量（例如>3kDa）的前体会产生更多的三卤甲烷（THM）、三卤乙酸THAA）酸和未知总有机卤素（UTOX）比相应的亲透明、亲水和低分子量（例如<3kDa）前体。然而，形成对于低腐殖酸水，不同组分的THMs和THAA相似所容纳之物亲水性和分子量<0.5k的馏分的二卤乙酸产率最高。二卤乙酸和UTOX的形成没有发现显著差异氯胺化过程中不同组分之间的相互作用。看来氯胺化DBP前驱体在NOM馏分中分布更均匀。高pH值有利于在UTOX上形成THM和HAAs。pH值升高也会降低TOX形成疏水性和高分子量组分，但对TOX产率影响不大由亲水性和低分子量组成。溴和碘的含量更高与THM和HAA测定的亲水性和低分子量组分反应形成比它们相应的疏水性和高分子量组分。然而疏水性和高分子量的馏分在与溴反应时产生更多的UTOX还有碘。包括39个参考文献、表格和图表。展开▼

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