Disclosed are a pneumatic fracturing technology-based "mobile electrode" electro-osmotic drainage consolidation treatment method and an electro-osmotic consolidation device. The treatment method comprises the steps of electro-osmotic construction and pneumatic fracturing. The pneumatic fracturing process comprises: injecting gas and a modifier having conductivity into an electrode tube having holes, and spraying the gas from the holes to enable a soil body around an electrode to generate cracks, wherein the cracks are filled with water having conductivity, and the modifier fills the soil body along the cracks to enable the soil body around the cracks to be consolidated and conductive. The method of the present invention can produce a "mobile electrode" construction effect in the soil body, thereby achieving the effects of improving osmotic coefficient, accelerating soil body consolidation speed and deepening the treatment depth of the soil body, and solving the problems of non-uniformity and high energy consumption of an electro-osmotic dehydration method.
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