A greenhouse-based crop growth environment regulation system, comprising a greenhouse body and a lighting mechanism, a temperature control mechanism (5), and an irrigation mechanism (4) that are provided inside the greenhouse body, wherein the greenhouse body comprises two side plates (1) that are provided opposite to each other; the temperature control mechanism (5) comprises a plurality of temperature control air supply devices and an upper temperature control pipe (51) and a lower ventilation pipe (52) that are respectively connected to the temperature control air supply devices, wherein the upper temperature control pipe (51) uses a transparent pipe, passes through the upper portions of the side plates (1), and spans between the two side plates (1); the lower ventilation pipe (52) passes through the lower portions of the side plates (1) and extends along the inner walls of the side plates (1); and the upper temperature control pipe (51) and the lower ventilation pipe (52) are both provided with a plurality of air outlet holes. Therefore, crop growth conditions such as uniform temperature, irrigation, lighting, and wind power can be provided according to the growth needs of crops, so that scientific experiments of crops under uniform environment conditions are implemented, and the requirements of acquisition of crop phenotype data and scientific research of crop breeding are satisfied.
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