The present invention relates to an air quality improvement device for a railway vehicle and, more particularly, to an air quality improvement device for a railway vehicle, wherein the device purifies air in a railway vehicle and then discharges the purified air. To this end, the railway vehicle air quality improvement device of the present invention comprises: a suction port through which external air is introduced; a cartridge filter which is mounted inside the suction port and filters the introduced air; a sterilization module which is mounted in an empty space inside the cartridge filter and sterilizes the filtered air; a body fastened to the suction port; an in-line fan which is mounted inside the body and receives the sterilized air to blow the air to the outside; and a laminar flow wind guide for discharging the air blown by the in-line fan to the outside.
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