Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for a composability framework that supports the coordination of the low-level actions of multiple subsystems. One of the methods comprises receiving a multi-device application definition for a real-time robotic control system configured to perform operations comprising controlling a robotic execution environment having multiple robotic components, wherein the application definition comprises: one or more custom high-level software modules for each robotic component of the multiple robotic components; respective module interface definitions for each of the custom high-level software modules, wherein a module interface definition of a custom high-level software module specifies one or more asynchronous or real-time communication channels; and respective device interface definitions for each of the multiple robotic components; and processing the application definition to generate output programs to be executed respectively by the multiple robotic components.
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